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    Moment of Inertia

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    allrounder9264

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    Moment of Inertia

    Uploaded by

    allrounder9264
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    Moment of inertia

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    69 views11 pages

    Moment of Inertia

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    Module 1

    Unit 2
    • Explain and determine moment of inertia,
    • angular velocity, angular acceleration,
    • angular momentum,
    • conservation of angular Momentum and
    • radius of gyration,
    • couple and torque,
    • theorem of parallel and perpendicular axis,
    • centripetal and centrifugal forces.
    Moment of Inertia
    • The moment of inertia is defined as the quantity expressed by the body resisting
    angular acceleration, which is the sum of the product of the mass of every particle
    with its square of the distance from the axis of rotation.
    Or,
    • It can be described as a quantity that decides the amount of torque needed for a
    specific angular acceleration in a rotational axis.
    • The moment of inertia is also known as the angular mass or rotational inertia.
    • The SI unit of moment of inertia is kg m2.
    • In general form, moment of inertia is expressed as I = m × r2
    where, m = mass.
    r = Distance from the axis of the rotation.
    • Moment of inertia, I = ∑mi ri2. . . . . . . (1)
    • Kinetic energy, K = ½ I ω2 . . . . . . . . . (2)
    The moment of inertia depends on the following factors:
    •The density of the material
    •Shape and size of the body
    •Axis of rotation (distribution of mass relative to the axis)
    Moment of Inertia of a Uniform Rod about a Perpendicular Bisector

    Consider a uniform rod of mass M and length L, and the


    moment of inertia should be calculated about the
    bisector AB. Origin is at 0.
    The mass element ‘dm’ considered is between x and x +
    dx from the origin.
    The MI of the rod can be obtained by integrating this. So we get,
    MI about an axis passing through one end of the rod

    The derivation is same only the integral limits are


    different. The limit of integration will be from 0 to l.
    Moment of Inertia of a Rectangular Plate about a Line Parallel to an Edge and Passing
    through the Centre
    The mass element can be taken between x and x + dx from the axis AB.
    As the plate is uniform, M/A is constant.
    M/A = dm/da
    M/[l×b] = dm/dx.b
    dm = (M/lb) × b × dx = (M/l) dx
    This can be integrated to get the total MI.
    Limits: The left end of the rectangular plate is at x = -l/2, and the whole
    plate is covered by taking x from x = -l/2 to x = +l/2. which is same as 0
    to i/2 and multiplying by 2.

    Therefore, the moment of inertia of a rectangular plate about a line parallel to an edge and passing
    through the centre (I) = Ml2/12.
    Parallel Axis Theorem Formula

    The parallel axis theorem states that

    The moment of inertia of a body about an axis parallel to the body passing through its centre
    is equal to the sum of the moment of inertia of the body about the axis passing through the
    centre and the product of the mass of the body times the square of the distance of between
    the two axes.

    Parallel axis theorem statement can be expressed as follows:

    I = Ic + Mh2
    Where, I is the moment of inertia of the body
    Ic is the moment of inertia about the center, M is the mass of the body
    h is the distance between the two axes
    Perpendicular Axis Theorem
    The perpendicular axis theorem states that

    For any plane body, the moment of inertia about any of its axes which are perpendicular to the
    plane is equal to the sum of the moment of inertia about any two perpendicular axes in the plane
    of the body which intersect the first axis in the plane.

    If the moment of inertia about two of the axes are known


    the moment of inertia about the third axis can be found
    using the expression:
    • MI of spherical shell
    • MI of a sphere
    • MI of a cylinder
    • MI of a ring

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