Assigment 8 Demonstration of 2-D Arrays

Two-dimensionalArrays
The simplest form of multidimensional array is the two-dimensional
array. A two-dimensional array is, in
essence, a list of one-dimensional arrays. To declare a two-dimensional
integer array of size [x][y], you
would write something as follows −

type arrayName [ x ][ y ];
Where type can be any valid C data type and arrayName will be a valid
C identifier. A two-dimensional
array can be considered as a table which will have x number of rows and
y number of columns. A two
dimensional array a, which contains three rows and four columns can be
shown as follows –
int a[3][4];

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main() {
int rows, cols, i, j;

// Input the matrix dimensions from the user

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");

scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);

int matrix[rows][cols];

// Input the matrix elements

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}

// Initialize max and min with the first element of the matrix
int max_element = matrix[0][0];
 int min_element = matrix[0][0];

// Find the maximum and minimum elements

for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
if (matrix[i][j] > max_element)
{
max_element = matrix[i][j];
}
if (matrix[i][j] < min_element)
{
min_element = matrix[i][j];
}
}
}

// Print the results

printf("Maximum element in the matrix: %d\n", max_element);
printf("Minimum element in the matrix: %d\n", min_element);

Getch();
}

2) Write a program to calculate sum of all elements of a matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int rows, cols, i, j, sum = 0;

// Input the matrix dimensions from the user

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);

int matrix[rows][cols];

// Input the matrix elements

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
 printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}

// Calculate the sum of all elements in the matrix

for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
sum =sum+ matrix[i][j];
}
}

// Print the sum

printf("Sum of all elements in the matrix: %d\n", sum);

Getch();
}
3) Write a program to calculate sum of all even elements of a matrix
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int rows, cols, i, j, sum = 0;

// Input the matrix dimensions from the user

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);

int matrix[rows][cols];

// Input the matrix elements

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}

// Calculate the sum of all even elements in the matrix

for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
 if (matrix[i][j] % 2 == 0) {
sum =sum+matrix[i][j];
}
}
}

// Print the sum of even elements

printf("Sum of all even elements in the matrix: %d\n", sum);

Getch();
}
4) Write a program to calculate sum of all upper triangular matrix
elements
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int rows, cols, i, j, sum = 0;

// Input the matrix dimensions from the user

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);

// Ensure it's a square matrix

if (rows != cols) {
printf("Matrix must be square to have an upper triangular part.\n");
return 1;
}

int matrix[rows][cols];

// Input the matrix elements

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}

// Calculate the sum of upper triangular elements (including diagonal)

for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
 for (j = i; j < cols; j++) { // Start from the diagonal (i = j) to the end
sum = sum+matrix[i][j];
}
}

// Print the sum

printf("Sum of all upper triangular elements in the matrix: %d\n",
sum);

Getch();
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int rows, cols, i,j, sum = 0;

// Input the matrix dimensions from the user

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);

// Ensure it's a square matrix

if (rows != cols) {
printf("Matrix must be square to have diagonal elements.\n");
return 1;
}

int matrix[rows][cols];

// Input the matrix elements

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}

// Calculate the sum of diagonal elements (main diagonal)

for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

 sum =sum+ matrix[i][i]; // Main diagonal elements (i == j)
}

// Print the sum

printf("Sum of all diagonal elements in the matrix: %d\n", sum);

Getch();
}

6) Write a program to calculate addition of two matrices of order m*n.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int rows, cols, i, j;

// Input the matrix dimensions from the user

printf("Enter the number of rows (m): ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter the number of columns (n): ");
scanf("%d", &cols);

int matrix1[rows][cols], matrix2[rows][cols], result[rows][cols];

// Input the elements of the first matrix

printf("Enter the elements of the first matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix1[i][j]);
}
}

// Input the elements of the second matrix

printf("Enter the elements of the second matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix2[i][j]);
}
}

// Calculate the sum of the two matrices

 for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
}
}

// Print the result matrix

printf("The sum of the two matrices is:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("%d ", result[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

Getch();
}

7) Write a program to calculate multiplication of two matrices.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int rows1, cols1, rows2, cols2, i, j, k;

// Input dimensions of the first matrix

printf("Enter the number of rows for the first matrix: ");
scanf("%d", &rows1);
printf("Enter the number of columns for the first matrix: ");
scanf("%d", &cols1);

// Input dimensions of the second matrix

printf("Enter the number of rows for the second matrix: ");
scanf("%d", &rows2);
printf("Enter the number of columns for the second matrix: ");
scanf("%d", &cols2);

// Check if multiplication is possible

if (cols1 != rows2) {
printf("Matrix multiplication not possible! Number of columns in
the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second
matrix.\n");
return 1;
 }

int matrix1[rows1][cols1], matrix2[rows2][cols2], result[rows1]

[cols2];

// Initialize result matrix to 0

for (i = 0; i < rows1; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols2; j++) {
result[i][j] = 0;
}
}

// Input elements of the first matrix

printf("Enter the elements of the first matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows1; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols1; j++) {
printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix1[i][j]);
}
}

// Input elements of the second matrix

printf("Enter the elements of the second matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows2; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols2; j++) {
printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix2[i][j]);
}
}

// Matrix multiplication
for (i = 0; i < rows1; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols2; j++) {
for (k = 0; k < cols1; k++) {
result[i][j] += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j];
}
}
}

// Print the result matrix

printf("The product of the two matrices is:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows1; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols2; j++) {
 printf("%d ", result[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

Getch();
}

8) Write a program to display transpose of a matrix

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int rows, cols, i, j;

// Input the matrix dimensions from the user

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);

int matrix[rows][cols], transpose[cols][rows];

// Input the matrix elements

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}

// Calculate the transpose of the matrix

for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
transpose[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
}
}
 // Print the transpose of the matrix
printf("Transpose of the matrix is:\n");
for (i = 0; i < cols; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < rows; j++) {
printf("%d ", transpose[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

Getch();
}

9) Write a program to calculate sum of elements of each row and column.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int rows, cols, i, j;

// Input the matrix dimensions from the user

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);

int matrix[rows][cols];
int rowSum[rows], colSum[cols];

// Initialize row and column sums to 0

for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
rowSum[i] = 0;
}
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
colSum[j] = 0;
}

// Input the matrix elements

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
 printf("Element [%d][%d]: ", i + 1, j + 1);
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}

// Calculate the sum of each row and column

for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
rowSum[i] += matrix[i][j]; // Sum for each row
colSum[j] += matrix[i][j]; // Sum for each column
}
}

// Print the sum of each row

printf("\nSum of each row:\n");
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
printf("Row %d: %d\n", i + 1, rowSum[i]);
}

// Print the sum of each column

printf("\nSum of each column:\n");
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("Column %d: %d\n", j + 1, colSum[j]);
}

Getch();
}
10) Write a program to check whether a input matrix is identity matrix or
not.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main() {
int matrix[3][3], isIdentity = 1;

// Get input from the user for the matrix elements

printf("Enter the elements of the 3x3 matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
 // Check if the matrix is identity
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (i == j && matrix[i][j] != 1) {
isIdentity = 0;
break;
} else if (i != j && matrix[i][j] != 0) {
isIdentity = 0;
break;
}
}
}

if (isIdentity) {
printf("The matrix is an identity matrix.\n");
} else {
printf("The matrix is not an identity matrix.\n");
}

Getch();
}