NOTES Cyber Laws, Safety and Security in India

CYBER LAWS, SAFETY AND SECURITY IN INDIA
Q 1. Define Internet?
ANS. The Internet is defined as, ‘a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and
methods of commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to interconnect’.
Q 2. What is Cyber law? Why do we need Cyber Laws?
ANS. Cyber law deals with legal issues related to use of inter-networked information technology. It
provides the legal rights and restrictions governing technology. In short, cyber law is the law governing
computers and the internet. Cyber law encompasses laws relating to Cyber crimes, Electronic and digital
signatures Intellectual property, Data protection and privacy etc.
The anonymous nature of the internet makes it possible for it to be used for many criminal activities.
Cyber Law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and activities on the
internet. Every action and every reaction in the cyber space has cyber legal perspectives. Cyber law
concerns every individual using the internet like booking a domain name, disputes relating to online
intellectual property etc.
Q 3. What is Cyber safety and security? Explain the Categories of Cyber-crime?

ANS. Cyber safety is the safe and responsible use of information and communication technology.
It is not only about keeping information safe and secure, but also about being responsible with that
information and being respectful of other people online. Cyber safety and security can be ensured by
enacting laws, and use of technologies, processes and practices that are designed to protect networks,
computers, programs and data from attack, damage or unauthorized access.
Categories of Cyber-crime
Cyber-crimes can be divided into three major categories:
1. Cyber Crime against person- It includes crimes like cyber stalking, cyber harassment, transmission of
child pornography etc.
2. Cyber Crime against property- It includes computer trespassing, vandalism and unauthorised
possession of computerised information etc.
3. Cyber Crime against Government- Cyber terrorism is a distinct kind of crime in this category.
4. Cyber Harrassment- Various kinds of harassment can occur in cyber space or by use of cyber space. It
can be sexual, racial, religious or others. It can also take within its ambit violation of privacy of netizens
(online citizens). Internet makes it easy to invade the privacy of any person which can result in
harassment.
5. Cyber Bullying- Cyber Bullying is bullying with the help of cyber space and use of devices like cell
phone, tablets, laptops etc. It can occur through SMS, email, social forums as well as gaming. It means
sending, sharing or posting false, derogatory, harmful or negative content about any person. It includes
sharing personal information about a person without his or her consent causing humiliation. Cyber
bullying can even result in unlawful or criminal behaviour online.
Cyber Bullying and online gaming : Playing video games is a popular past time for children these days. It
therefore becomes a platform for cyber bullying. If someone doesn’t perform well in a game, he or she
becomes a victim of negative remarks and even excluded from the game altogether. This results in cyber
bullying. Sometimes, the bully may use the game as a medium to obtain personal information of the
gamers, thereby compromising not just the child’s information but also their parents. This tactic is
known as Doxing, and makes children more vulnerable to harassment by the bully.
Hacking as a cyber-crime: It is one of the gravest cyber-crimes known. It happens when a stranger
breaks into a person’s computer system without that person’s knowledge or consent and tampers with
confidential information. Hacking into government or military owned website results in Cyber Terrorism.
Cybersecurity :Under the Act, ‘cybersecurity’ means protecting information, equipment, devices,
computers, computer resources, communication devices and information stored therein from
unauthorised access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction.
Q 4. The main purpose of the Information Technology Act, 2000?
ANS. The main purpose of the Act is to provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of
electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication, commonly referred to as
electronic commerce and to facilitate filing of electronic records with the Government.
Q 5. What was Section 66 A IT Act, 2000?
ANS. Section 66 A of the IT ACT, 2000 made it a punishable offence for any person to send ‘grossly
offensive’ or ‘menacing information’ using a computer resource or communication device. Section 66A
was inserted by way of an amendment in the year 2009. The reason behind the amendment was to
address new forms of cyber crimes such as publishing sexually explicit materials in electronic form, video
voyeurism and breach of confidentiality and leakage of data by intermediary, e-commerce frauds like
personation commonly known as Phishing, identity theft and offensive messages through
communication services. Therefore, the said Section 66 A IT Act, 2000 imposed punishment and
criminalised the sending of offensive messages through a computer or other communication devices.

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CYBER LAWS, SAFETY AND SECURITY IN INDIA

Q 2. What is Cyber law? Why do we need Cyber Laws?

Q 3. What is Cyber safety and security? Explain the Categories of Cyber-crime?

Cyber-crimes can be divided into three major categories:

Q 4. The main purpose of the Information Technology Act, 2000?

Q 5. What was Section 66 A IT Act, 2000?

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