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1 Compound X has the following composition by mass.

H, 3.66%; P, 37.80%; O, 58.54%

Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.

empirical formula = ........................... [2]

[Total: 2]

2 A student prepares magnesium sulfate crystals, MgSO4, by adding excess magnesium to dilute
sulfuric acid.

Magnesium sulfate crystals have the formula, MgSO4•xH2O, where x is a whole number of molecules
of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

MgSO4•xH2O(s) → MgSO4(s) + xH2O(g)

The student heats a sample of MgSO4•xH2O and finds it has lost 0.140 moles of H2O and has
2.40 g of MgSO4 remaining.

Determine the value of x .

Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the Mr of MgSO4.

Mr = .................................. [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of MgSO4 formed.

moles of MgSO4 formed = ........................... [1]

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(c) Determine the value of x in MgSO4•xH2O.

x = .................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

3 Ester Z has the empirical formula C3H6O and a relative molecular mass of 116.

Calculate the molecular formula of ester Z.

molecular formula = .......................... [1]

[Total: 1]

4 Ester Z has the empirical formula C2H4O and a relative molecular mass of 88.

Determine the molecular formula of ester Z.

molecular formula = ....................................... [1]

[Total: 1]
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5 Ester Y has the following composition by mass:

C, 48.65%; H, 8.11%; O, 43.24%.

Calculate the empirical formula of ester Y.

empirical formula = ........................................ [3]

[Total: 3]
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6 A student determines the concentration of a solution of dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, by titration with
aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Calculate the concentration of H2SO4 using the following steps.

3 3
• Calculate the number of moles in 25.0 cm of 0.200 mol / dm NaOH.

.................................... m o l

• Determine the number of moles of H2SO4 that react with the NaOH.

.................................... m o l

• Calculate the concentration of H2SO4.

3
............................ mol / dm [3]

[Total: 3]
3
7 A 25.0 cm sample of limewater is placed in a conical flask.

The concentration of Ca(OH)2 in the limewater is determined by titration with dilute hydrochloric
acid, HCl.

(a) Name the item of apparatus used to measure the volume of acid in this titration.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State the type of reaction which takes place.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(c) As well as limewater and dilute hydrochloric acid, state what other type of substance must be
added to the conical flask.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The equation for the reaction is shown.

Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + 2H2O

3 3 3
20.0 cm of 0.0500 mol / dm HCll reacts with the 25.0 cm of Ca(OH)2.
3
Determine the concentration of Ca(OH)2 in g / dm . Use the following steps.
3 3
(i) Calculate the number of moles in 20.0 cm of 0.0500 mol / dm HCl.

.............................................mol [1]
3
(ii) Determine the number of moles of Ca(OH)2 in 25.0 cm of the limewater.

.............................................mol [1]
3
(iii) Calculate the concentration of Ca(OH)2 in mol / dm .

3
.....................................mol / dm [1]
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3
(iv) Determine the concentration of Ca(OH)2 in g / dm .

3
........................................g / dm [2]

[Total: 8]

8 Fluorine reacts with sulfur to form a compound which has 25.2% sulfur by mass and a relative
molecular mass of 254.

Determine the molecular formula of this compound.

molecular formula = ......................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
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3
9 Determine the volume of CO2 gas given off when excess MgCO3 is added to 25.0 cm of
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0.400 mol / dm HCl at room temperature and pressure.

MgCO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O + CO2

Use the following steps.

3 3
• Calculate the number of moles of HCl in 25.0 cm of 0.400 mol / dm of acid.

.................................... m o l

• Determine the number of moles of CO2 gas given off.

.................................... m o l
3
• Calculate the volume of CO2 gas given off in cm .

3
.................................... cm [3]

[Total: 3]

10 The equation for the reaction between powdered zinc carbonate and dilute nitric acid is shown.

(a) ZnCO3............ + 2HNO3............ → Zn(NO3)2............ + H2O............ + CO2............

Complete the equation by adding state symbols. [2]

3
(b) A student found that 2.5 g of zinc carbonate required 20 cm of dilute nitric acid to react
completely.

Calculate the concentration of dilute nitric acid using the following steps:

(i) Calculate the mass of 1 mole of ZnCO3.

.......................g [1]
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(ii) Calculate the number of moles of ZnCO3 reacting.

...............moles [1]

(iii) Determine the number of moles of HNO3 reacting.

...............moles [1]

(iv) Calculate the concentration of HNO3.

3
...........mol / dm [1]

[Total: 6]
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