Jubail International School

Academic Session 2024-25

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CHEMISTRY IGCSE / Grade 9 Worksheet# 1 Stoichiometry

0620/41/M/J/16
1 Period 3 contains the elements sodium to argon. This question asks about the chemistry of each of
the Period 3 elements or their compounds.

(a) Sodium nitrate is a white crystalline solid. When heated it melts and the following reaction
occurs.

2NaNO 3(l) → 2NaNO2(l) + O2(g)

A 3.40 g sample of sodium nitrate is heated.

Calculate the

• number of moles of NaNO3 used,

.................................. mol

• number of moles of O2 formed,

.................................. mol

• volume of O2 formed, in dm 3 (measured at r.t.p.).

.................................. dm 3
[3]

2 (a) Hydrocarbons are compounds which contain hydrogen and carbon only. 0620/42/M/J/16

• 10 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, are burned in 100 cm 3 of oxygen, which is an

excess of oxygen.

• After cooling to room temperature and pressure, there is 25 cm 3 of unreacted oxygen,

50 cm3 of carbon dioxide and some liquid water.

All volumes are measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

(i) What is meant by an excess of oxygen?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What was the volume of oxygen that reacted with the hydrocarbon?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

1
 (iii) Complete the table below to express the smallest whole number ratio of

volume of
volume of volume of
: : carbon dioxide
hydrocarbon reacted oxygen reacted
produced

volume of
volume of volume of
carbon dioxide
hydrocarbon reacted oxygen reacted
produced

smallest whole
number ratio of
volumes
[1]

(iv) Use your answer to (a)(iii) to find the mole ratio in the equation below. Complete the
equation and deduce the formula of the hydrocarbon.

.........C xHy(g) + .........O2(g) → .........CO2(g) + .........H2O(l)

formula of hydrocarbon = ...........................................

[2]

3 Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate solution. 0620/43/M/J/16

2HCl (aq) + Na2CO 3(aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H 2O(l) + CO2 (g)

(a) Explain why effervescence is seen during the reaction.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid was titrated with sodium carbonate solution.

• 10.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol / dm 3 hydrochloric acid were placed in a conical flask.
• A few drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the dilute hydrochloric acid.
• The mixture was titrated with sodium carbonate solution.
• 16.2 cm3 of sodium carbonate solution were required to react completely with the acid.

(i) What colour would the methyl orange indicator be in the hydrochloric acid?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid were used.

............................ mol [1]

2
 (iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and the equation for the reaction to calculate the number of
moles of sodium carbonate that reacted.

............................ mol [1]

(iv) Use your answer to (b)(iii) to calculate the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution
in mol / dm 3.

............................ mol / dm 3 [2]

(c) In another experiment, 0.020 mol of sodium carbonate were reacted with excess hydrochloric
acid.

Calculate the maximum volume (at r.t.p.) of carbon dioxide gas that could be made in this
reaction.

............................ dm 3 [3]

[Total: 9]

0620/42/F/M/16
4 Hydrogen peroxide, H 2O 2, decomposes into water and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst,
manganese(IV ) oxide.

2H 2O 2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O 2(g)

(a) A student studies the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using the apparatus shown.
The student uses 20 cm3 of 0.1 mol / dm3 hydrogen peroxide and 1.0 g of manganese( IV) oxide.

The student measures the volume of oxygen given off at regular time intervals until the reaction
stops. A graph of the results is shown.

(b) (i) Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide used in this experiment.

................. mol [1]

(ii) Use your answer to (b)(i) and the equation to calculate the number of moles of oxygen
produced in the reaction.

2H2O 2(aq) → 2H2 O(l) + O2(g)

................. mol [1]

3
 (iii) Calculate the volume (at r.t.p.) of oxygen produced.

................. dm3 [1]

(iv) What would be the effect on the volume of oxygen produced if the mass of catalyst was
increased?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Deduce the volume of oxygen that would be produced if 20 cm3 of 0.2 mol / dm 3 hydrogen
peroxide was used instead of 20 cm3 of 0.1 mol / dm 3 hydrogen peroxide.

................. dm3 [1]

0620/41/O/N/16

5 (a) (i) A sample of isoprene had the following composition by mass: C, 88.24%; H, 11.76%.
Calculate the empirical formula of isoprene. Show all your working.

empirical formula = .............................. [3]

(ii) What additional information would be required to calculate the molecular formula of
isoprene?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

6 Calcium chloride can be made by reacting calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. 0620/41/O/N/16

CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl 2(aq) + H 2O(l) + CO2 (g)

An excess of calcium carbonate was added to 50.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. The
solution was filtered to remove the excess calcium carbonate.

(a) How many moles of HCl were used in this reaction?

..................................... mol [2]

(b) Deduce the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas made in this reaction.

..................................... mol [1]

4
 (c) Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide made in this reaction.

........................................ g [2]

(d) Calculate the volume, in dm3, of carbon dioxide made in this reaction at room temperature and
pressure (r.t.p.).

.................................... dm3 [1]

[Total: 6]

7 Chlorine, bromine and iodine are halogens. 0620/42/O/N/16

(a) Chlorine can be made in the laboratory by heating manganese(IV ) oxide with concentrated
hydrochloric acid.

MnO2 (s) + 4HCl (aq) → MnCl 2 (aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl 2(g)

Calculate the volume of 8.00 mol / dm3 HCl (aq) needed to react with 3.48 g of MnO2.

• moles of MnO2 used

................................ mol

• moles of HCl needed

................................ mol

• volume of HCl needed

................................ cm3
[4]

(b) Iodine forms an oxide which has the composition by mass: I , 76.0%; O, 24.0%.

(i) Use this information to determine the empirical formula of this oxide of iodine.

empirical formula ................................. [3]

5
 0620/43/O/N/16
8 When lead(II) nitrate is heated, two gases are given off and solid lead(II ) oxide remains.
The equation for the reaction is shown.

2Pb(NO 3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO 2(g) + O 2 (g)

(a) Calculate the Mr of lead( II) nitrate.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) 6.62 g of lead( II) nitrate are heated until there is no further change in mass.

(i) Calculate the mass of lead(II) oxide produced.

........................... g [2]

(ii) Calculate the volume of oxygen, O2, produced at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

........................... dm3 [2]

0620/41/M/J/17

(c) Magnesium sulfate crystals are hydrated. Another student heated some hydrated
magnesium sulfate crystals in a crucible and obtained the following results.

mass of hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals = 4.92 g

mass of water removed = 2.52 g

(i) Calculate the number of moles of water removed.

moles of water = ............................. mol [1]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of anhydrous magnesium sulfate remaining in the crucible.
The Mr of anhydrous magnesium sulfate is 120.

moles of anhydrous magnesium sulfate = ............................. mol [1]

6
 (iii) Calculate the ratio of moles of anhydrous magnesium sulfate : moles of water. Give your
answer as whole numbers.

ratio = ................ : ................ [1]

(iv) Suggest the formula of hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals.

formula of hydrated magnesium sulfate crystals = ............................................ [2]

9 When barium carbonate is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide gas is formed.

A student carried out an experiment to measure the volume of gas formed as a reaction proceeds.
The student added a small mass of powdered barium carbonate to an excess of 0.1 mol / dm3
hydrochloric acid. A graph of the results was drawn.

(a) The total volume of gas collected was 180 cm3 at room temperature and pressure.

Calculate the mass, in grams, of barium carbonate used.

BaCO 3 + 2HCl BaCl 2 + H2O + CO2

mass of barium carbonate = ............................. g [3]

0620/42/M/J/17

(b) A sample of vanadium chloride was weighed and dissolved in water. An excess of aqueous
silver nitrate, acidified with dilute nitric acid, was added. A precipitate of silver chloride was
formed. The ionic equation for this reaction is shown.

Ag+(aq) + Cl (aq) –

AgCl (s)

The mass of silver chloride formed was 2.87 g.

(i) State the colour of the precipitate of silver chloride.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

7
 (ii) The relative formula mass of silver chloride, AgCl, is 143.5.

Calculate the number of moles in 2.87 g of AgCl.

moles of AgCl = .............................. mol [1]

(iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and the ionic equation to deduce the number of moles of chloride
ions, Cl , that produced 2.87 g of AgCl.
–

moles of Cl = .............................. mol [1]

–

(iv) The amount of vanadium chloride in the sample was 0.01 moles.

Use this and your answer to (b)(iii) to deduce the whole number ratio of moles of
vanadium chloride : moles of chloride ions.
Deduce the formula of vanadium chloride.

moles of vanadium chloride : moles of chloride ions ................... : ...................

formula of vanadium chloride .............................................................................................

[2]

(c) Barium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. 0620/43/M/J/17

BaCO 3 + 2HCl BaCl 2 + CO2 + H2O

9.85 g of barium carbonate were added to 250 cm 3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. This is
an excess of hydrochloric acid.

(i) Calculate how many moles of barium carbonate were used in this experiment.

moles of barium carbonate = ............................ mol [2]

(ii) Deduce how many moles of carbon dioxide were made when all the barium carbonate had
reacted.

moles of carbon dioxide = ............................ mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed in (c)(ii) at room temperature and pressure,
in dm3 .

volume of carbon dioxide = ............................ dm3 [1]

8
 (iv) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid there were in excess.

excess moles of hydrochloric acid = ............................ mol [2]

10 Barium carbonate decomposes when heated. 0620/42/F/M/17

BaCO3(s) BaO(s) + CO2(g)

(a) A student heated a 10.0 g sample of barium carbonate until it was fully decomposed.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of barium carbonate the student used.

moles of barium carbonate = ............................. mol [2]

(ii) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced at room temperature and pressure.
Give your answer in dm3.

volume of carbon dioxide = ............................. dm3 [1]

(b) The student added 2.00 g of the barium oxide produced to water.

BaO + H2O Ba(OH) 2

Calculate the mass of barium hydroxide that can be made from 2.00 g of barium oxide. The Mr
of Ba(OH)2 is 171.

mass of barium hydroxide = ............................. g [1]

(c) A 1.50 g sample of barium hydroxide was dissolved in water. The total volume of the solution
was 100 cm 3.

A 25.0 cm 3 portion of the barium hydroxide solution was titrated against hydrochloric acid. The
volume of hydrochloric acid required was 18.75 cm3.

Ba(OH) 2 + 2HCl BaCl 2 + 2H2O

(i) Calculate how many moles of barium hydroxide were in the 25.0 cm3 portion used in the
titration.

moles of barium hydroxide = ............................. mol [1]

9
 (ii) Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used.

concentration of hydrochloric acid = ............................. mol / dm3 [2]

(d) Hydrolysis of a polymer gave a compound with the following composition by mass: C, 34.61%;
H, 3.85%; O, 61.54%.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.

empirical formula = ............................ [3]

(ii) What additional information is needed to calculate the molecular formula of the compound?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

11 Copper(II ) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. 0620/41/O/N/17

CuO(s) + 2HCl (aq) CuCl 2(aq) + H2O(l)

6.00 g of copper( II) oxide were added to 50.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. This was an
excess of copper(II) oxide.

(a) (i) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II ) oxide added to the hydrochloric acid.

moles of copper(II) oxide = ............................. mol [2]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.

moles of hydrochloric acid = ............................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react.

mass of copper( II) oxide that did not react = ............................. g [2]

10
(b) Crystals of hydrated copper(II) chloride were obtained from the solution at the end of the
reaction.

The crystals had the following composition by mass: Cl, 41.52%; Cu, 37.43%; H, 2.34%;
O, 18.71%.

Calculate the empirical formula of the crystals.

empirical formula = ............................. [2]

0620/42/O/N/17
(c) Hydrogen can be manufactured using a reversible reaction between methane and steam.

CH4(g) + H 2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)

At 900 °C, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, the yield of hydrogen is 70%.

(i) What volume of hydrogen is produced from 100 cm3 of methane under these conditions?

.............................. cm3 [2]

0620/43/O/N/17
(d) 25 cm 3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, were burnt in 150 cm 3 of oxygen. This was an excess
of oxygen.

After cooling, the volume of the gases remaining was 100 cm 3. This consisted of 75 cm3 of
carbon dioxide and 25 cm3 of unreacted oxygen. The water that was produced in the reaction
was liquid.

All volumes were measured at the same temperature and pressure.

(i) What is meant by an excess of oxygen?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What was the volume of oxygen that reacted with the hydrocarbon?

............................. cm3 [1]

11
 (iii) Complete the table to show the smallest whole number ratio of volumes.

volume of
volume of volume of
: : carbon dioxide
hydrocarbon reacted oxygen reacted
produced

smallest whole
number ratio of : :
volumes

[1]

(iv) Use your answer to (b)(iii) to balance the chemical equation. Deduce the formula of the
hydrocarbon.

CxH y(g) + ......O2(g) ......CO 2(g) + ......H2O(l)

formula of the hydrocarbon = ............................. [2]

12 This question is about masses, volumes and moles. 0620/41/M/J/18

(a) Which term is defined by the following statement?

The average mass of naturally occurring atoms of an element
12
on a scale where the C atom has a mass of exactly 12 units.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Butane, C4 H10, has a relative molecular mass of 58.

Potassium fluoride, KF, has a relative formula mass of 58.

Explain why the term relative molecular mass can be used for butane but cannot be used for
potassium fluoride.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) A 0.095 g sample of gaseous element Y occupies 60.0 cm 3 at room temperature and pressure.

● Determine the number of moles of element Y in 60.0 cm 3.

moles of element Y = ............................. mol

12
 ● Calculate the relative molecular mass of element Y and hence suggest the identity of
element Y.

relative molecular mass = .............................

identity of element Y = .............................

[3]

(d) A 1.68 g sample of phosphorus was burned and formed 3.87 g of an oxide of phosphorus.

Calculate the empirical formula of this oxide of phosphorus.

empirical formula = ............................. [4]

(e) Another oxide of phosphorus has the empirical formula P2 O3 .

One molecule of this oxide of phosphorus contains four atoms of phosphorus.

Calculate the mass of one mole of this oxide of phosphorus.

mass = ............................. g [2]

13
 0620/42/M/J/18
13 Many organic compounds, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters, contain the elements
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.

(a) Compound R has the following composition by mass: C, 60.00%; H, 13.33%; O, 26.67%.

Calculate the empirical formula of compound R.

empirical formula = .............................. [2]

(b) Compound S has the empirical formula C2H 4O and a relative molecular mass of 88.

Calculate the molecular formula of compound S.

molecular formula = .............................. [2]

0620/43/ M/J/18

14 (a) Nickel(II) iodide crystals are hydrated. A sample of hydrated nickel(II ) iodide crystals has the
following composition by mass: Ni, 14.01%; I, 60.33%; H, 2.85%; O, 22.81%.

Calculate the empirical formula of the hydrated nickel(II ) iodide crystals.

empirical formula = .............................. [2]

14
15 Calcium chlorate( V), Ca(Cl O3 )2 , is made by reacting calcium hydroxide with chlorine gas.

6Ca(OH)2 + 6Cl 2 Ca(Cl O3) 2 + 5CaCl 2 + 6H2O

(a) 8.88 g of calcium hydroxide and 7200 cm 3 of chlorine gas are mixed together.

(i) How many moles is 8.88 g of calcium hydroxide?

.............................. mol [2]

(ii) How many moles of chlorine gas is 7200 cm 3?

.............................. mol [1]

(iii) What is the maximum number of moles of calcium chlorate(V) that can be made from
8.88 g of calcium hydroxide and 7200 cm3 of chlorine gas?

.............................. mol [1]

(iv) What is the maximum mass of calcium chlorate(V) that can be made from 8.88 g of
calcium hydroxide and 7200 cm3 of chlorine gas?

.............................. g [2]

The experiment is repeated using different amounts of calcium hydroxide and chlorine gas.
The maximum mass of calcium chlorate(V) that can be made in the experiment is 4.84 g.

(v) The actual mass of calcium chlorate(V) made in the experiment is 3.63 g.

Calculate the percentage yield.

percentage yield = .............................. % [1]

15
 0620/42/F/M/18

(b) Silver chloride can be made by reacting aqueous sodium chloride with aqueous silver nitrate.
The other product of the reaction is sodium nitrate. The chemical equation for the reaction is
shown.

NaCl (aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO 3(aq)

The student started with 20 cm3 of 0.20 mol / dm 3 NaCl (aq).

● Determine the amount of NaCl (aq) used.

amount of NaCl (aq) used = .............................. mol

The yield of NaNO3 crystals was 90%.

● Calculate the mass of NaNO3 crystals made.

mass of NaNO3 crystals = .............................. g

[4]

(c) Forsterite is another rock which contains a magnesium compound.

A sample of forsterite has the following composition by mass: Mg, 2.73 g; Si, 1.58 g; O, 3.60 g.

Calculate the empirical formula of forsterite.

empirical formula = .............................. [2]

(d) Ammonia reacts with chlorine. The chemical equation is shown.

2NH3(g) + 3Cl 2(g) N 2(g) + 6HCl (g)

(i) Calculate the volume of chlorine, measured at room temperature and pressure, needed to
react completely with 0.68 g of ammonia.

volume of chlorine = .............................. cm3 [3]

16
(e) A teacher heated 18.8 g of copper(II) nitrate. 0620/41/O/N/18

(i) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II ) nitrate present in the 18.8 g.

.............................. mol [2]

(ii) Calculate the maximum number of moles of oxygen that can be made by heating 18.8 g of
copper(II ) nitrate.

.............................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the maximum volume of oxygen at room temperature and pressure, in cm3 , that
can be made by heating 18.8 g of copper(II ) nitrate.

.............................. cm3 [1]

(f) Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate in a neutralisation reaction.

H 2SO 4(aq) + 2NaHCO3(aq) Na 2SO 4(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2CO2(g)

In a titration, 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate was used to neutralise
20.0 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid of concentration 0.150 mol / dm3.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid used in the titration.

.............................. mol [1]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydrogencarbonate needed to neutralise the
dilute sulfuric acid.

.............................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the volume, in cm 3, of 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate
needed to neutralise the dilute sulfuric acid.

.............................. cm3 [1]

17
 0620/42/O/N/18

(g) In a titration, a student added 25.0 cm 3 of 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide to a
conical flask. The student then added a few drops of methyl orange to the solution in the
conical flask.
Dilute sulfuric acid was then added from a burette to the conical flask. The volume of dilute
sulfuric acid needed to neutralise the aqueous sodium hydroxide was 20.0 cm 3.

2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O

(i) What was the colour of the methyl orange in the aqueous sodium hydroxide?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Determine the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in g / dm3 .

● Calculate the number of moles of aqueous sodium hydroxide added to the conical
flask.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid added from the burette.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in mol / dm3 .

.............................. mol / dm3

● Calculate the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in g / dm3.

.............................. g / dm3

18
 (h) Iron(II ) sulfate decomposes when heated strongly.

2FeSO 4(s) Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO 3(g)

15.20 g of FeSO4 (s) was heated and formed 4.80 g of Fe 2O 3(s).

[Mr, FeSO4 = 152; Mr, Fe2O3 = 160]

Calculate the percentage yield for this reaction.

.............................. % [3]

0620/43/O/N/18

16 Tin is a metallic element in Group IV. Its main ore is cassiterite which is an impure form of
tin( IV) oxide, SnO2 .
Tin also occurs in stannite, Cu 2FeSnS4 .

(a) Calculate the relative formula mass, M r, of Cu2 FeSnS4 .

Mr of Cu2FeSnS4 = .............................. [1]

(b) The Mr of SnO2 is 151.

Calculate the percentage of tin by mass in SnO2.

percentage of tin by mass in SnO2 = .............................. [1]

(c) The percentage of tin by mass in Cu2FeSnS4 is 27.6%.

Use this information and your answer to (b) to suggest whether it would be better to extract tin
from SnO2 or Cu2FeSnS4 .
Explain your answer.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

19
17 (a) Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide can be used to make potassium sulfate
crystals using a method that includes titration.

dilute
sulfuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm 3 of aqueous
potassium hydroxide

A student titrated 25.0 cm3 of 0.0500 mol / dm3 aqueous potassium hydroxide with dilute
sulfuric acid in the presence of an indicator. The volume of dilute sulfuric acid needed to
neutralise the aqueous potassium hydroxide was 20.0 cm3 .

The equation for the reaction is shown.

H2SO 4 + 2KOH K2SO 4 + 2H2O

Determine the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid.

● Calculate the number of moles of aqueous potassium hydroxide used.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid needed to neutralise the aqueous
potassium hydroxide.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid.

.............................. mol / dm3

20
(b) Hydrochloric acid produces salts called chlorides. 0620/41/M/J/19

Magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride.

MgCO 3 + 2HCl MgCl 2 + H 2O + CO2

A student used 50.00 cm3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid in an experiment to produce
magnesium chloride.

Calculate the mass, in g, of magnesium carbonate needed to react exactly with 50.00 cm3 of
2.00mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid using the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of HCl present in 50.00 cm 3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 HCl .

.............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of MgCO 3 which would react with 50.00 cm3 of
2.00 mol / dm3 HCl.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of MgCO 3 .

Mr of MgCO 3 = ..............................

● Calculate the mass of MgCO3 needed to react exactly with 50.00 cm 3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 HCl .

mass = .............................. g
[4]

21
18 Copper(II ) sulfate crystals, CuSO4 .5H2O, are hydrated. 0620/42/M/J/19

Copper(II ) sulfate crystals are made by reacting copper(II) carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid.

The equation for the overall process is shown.

CuCO3 + H2SO 4 + 4H2O CuSO4 .5H2O + CO2

step 1 Powdered solid copper(II ) carbonate is added to 50.0 cm3 of 0.05 mol / dm3 sulfuric acid
until the copper(II) carbonate is in excess.

step 2 The excess of copper( II) carbonate is separated from the aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

step 3 The aqueous copper( II) sulfate is heated until the solution is saturated.

step 4 The solution is allowed to cool and crystallise.

step 5 The crystals are removed and dried.

(a) Calculate the maximum mass of the copper(II ) sulfate crystals, CuSO4 .5H2O, that can form
using the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of H 2SO4 in 50.0 cm 3 of 0.05 mol / dm3 H2SO4.

.............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of CuSO4.5H2O that can form.

.............................. mol

● The Mr of CuSO4 .5H2O is 250.

Calculate the maximum mass of CuSO 4.5H 2O that can form.

.............................. g
[3]

22
(b) Some car airbags contain sodium azide. 0620/43/M/J/19
When a car airbag is used the sodium azide, NaN3 , decomposes.
The products are nitrogen and sodium.

The equation for the decomposition of sodium azide is shown.

2NaN3(s) 2Na(l) + 3N2(g)

Calculate the mass, in g, of sodium azide needed to produce 144 dm 3 of nitrogen using the
following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles in 144 dm3 of N 2 measured at room temperature and
pressure.

moles of N2 = .............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of NaN 3 needed to produce this number of moles of N2.

moles of NaN3 = .............................. mol

● Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of NaN 3.

Mr = ..............................

● Calculate the mass of NaN3 needed to produce 144 dm 3 of N2 .

.............................. g
[4]

(c) An organic compound made from sodium azide has the composition by mass: 49.5% carbon,
7.2% hydrogen and 43.3% nitrogen.

Calculate the empirical formula of the organic compound.

[3]

23
 0620/42/F/M/19

(d) Calculate the volume of chlorine gas, Cl 2(g), at room temperature and pressure, that reacts
completely with 400 g of TiO2(s) using the following steps.

TiO2(s) + 2Cl 2 (g) + 2C(s) TiCl 4(g) + 2CO(g)

● Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of TiO 2.

Mr of TiO 2 = ..............................

● Calculate the number of moles in 400 g of TiO2 .

.............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of Cl 2 that react with 400 g of TiO2 .

TiO2(s) + 2Cl 2 (g) + 2C(s) TiCl 4(g) + 2CO(g)

moles of Cl 2 = .............................. mol

● Calculate the volume of Cl 2 that reacts with 400 g of TiO 2.

volume of Cl 2 = .............................. dm 3
[4]

0620/41/O/N/19
(e) Sulfur dioxide reacts with aqueous sodium sulfite to produce a compound with the following
composition by mass: 29.1% Na, 40.5% S and 30.4% O.

Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.

empirical formula = .............................. [3]

24
19 Dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq), reacts with aqueous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3(aq).

The chemical equation for the reaction is shown.

2HCl + Na2CO 3 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O

(a) A 25.0 cm3 portion of Na2CO3(aq) was placed in a conical flask with a few drops of a suitable
indicator. It was titrated against HCl (aq) of concentration 0.180 mol / dm3.

20.0 cm3 of HCl (aq) was required to reach the end-point.

Calculate the concentration of the Na2CO3(aq), in mol / dm3, using the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of HCl used in the titration.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the number of moles of Na 2CO3 contained in the 25.0 cm3 portion of Na2CO3(aq).

.............................. mol

● Calculate the concentration of the Na2CO 3(aq) in mol / dm3.

.............................. mol / dm3

[3]

(b) In another experiment, the volume of carbon dioxide, CO2 , produced was 48.0 cm 3, measured
at room temperature and pressure.

How many moles of CO 2 is this?

moles of CO 2 = .............................. mol [1]

(c) A sample of concentrated hydrobromic acid, HBr(aq), was electrolysed using platinum
electrodes.
The concentration of the hydrobromic acid was 8.89 mol / dm3.

(i) Calculate the concentration of the HBr(aq) in g / dm3.

concentration of HBr(aq) = .............................. g / dm3 [1]

25
(d) Ammonia reacts with oxygen as shown. 0620/42/O/N/19

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

(i) Calculate the volume of oxygen at room temperature and pressure, in dm3 , that reacts with
4.80 dm3 of ammonia.

volume = .............................. dm3 [3]

0620/43/O/N/19

(e) Phosphorus forms another compound with hydrogen with the following composition by mass:
P, 93.94%; H, 6.06%.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.

empirical formula = .............................. [2]

(ii) The compound has a relative molecular mass of 66.

Deduce the molecular formula of the compound.

molecular formula = .............................. [1]

26
20 Nitrates such as ammonium nitrate are used as fertilisers.

The final stage in the production of ammonium nitrate is shown in the equation.

Ca(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O 2NH4NO3 + CaCO 3

Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate that can be produced from 820 g of
calcium nitrate, Ca(NO 3) 2, using the following steps.

The relative formula mass, Mr, of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2 , = 164.

● Calculate the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 in 820 g.

.............................. mol

● Deduce the number of moles of NH 4NO3 produced.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the Mr of NH4NO3 .

Mr of NH 4NO3 = ..............................

● Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate produced.

.............................. g
[4]

27
 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon

28
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).