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    Solutions To Questions

    Uploaded by

    Abhishek Banaj

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Solutions To Questions

    Uploaded by

    Abhishek Banaj
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    Solutions To Questions

    Uploaded by

    Abhishek Banaj

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Solutions to Questions

    Question 1: Matrix Equation

    We are given the following matrix equation:

    | 2a + b c | = | 1 5 |
    | -b -c -4d | | 4 -3 |

    Step-by-step solution:
    1. Break down the equation element-wise:

    For the (1,1) element: 2a + b = 1


    For the (1,2) element: c = 5
    For the (2,1) element: -b = 4
    For the (2,2) element: -c - 4d = -3

    2. From the (1,2) element: c = 5


    Substitute c = 5 into the (2,2) element:
    -5 - 4d = -3
    Solving for d: d = -0.5

    3. From the (2,1) element: -b = 4


    Solving for b: b = -4

    4. Substitute b = -4 into the (1,1) element:


    2a + (-4) = 1
    Solving for a: a = 2.5

    Thus, the values of a, b, c, and d are:


    a = 2.5, b = -4, c = 5, d = -0.5

    Question 2: Covariance Matrix

    Covariance Matrix measures the relationship between variables.

    We are given two variables, Math (X) and Science (Y), for three students.
    Student 1: Math = 92, Science = 80
    Student 2: Math = 100, Science = 90
    Student 3: Math = 90, Science = 30

    Step-by-step solution:
    1. Find the means of X and Y:
    Mean(X) = (92 + 100 + 90) / 3 = 94
    Mean(Y) = (80 + 90 + 30) / 3 = 66.67

    2. Find the covariance values for the matrix:


    Cov(X, X) = Σ (X_i - mean(X))^2 / (n - 1)
    Cov(X, Y) = Σ (X_i - mean(X))(Y_i - mean(Y)) / (n - 1)
    Cov(Y, Y) = Σ (Y_i - mean(Y))^2 / (n - 1)

    Using the above formulas, the covariance matrix is:


    | Cov(X, X) Cov(X, Y) |
    | Cov(Y, X) Cov(Y, Y) |

    The covariance matrix for this data is:


    | 26.00 96.67 |
    | 96.67 900.33 |

    Question 3: Collaborative Filtering

    Collaborative Filtering (CF) is a recommendation system technique based on user


    interactions. It predicts ratings for an item based on similar users.

    Given the table for recommendation:

    | Name | Inshorts(1) | HT(2) | NYT(3) | TOI(4) | BBC(5) |


    |----------|-------------|-------|--------|--------|--------|
    | Alice | 5 |3 |? |4 |3 |
    | U1 |4 |3 |3 |5 |4 |
    | U2 |3 |1 |4 |4 |5 |
    | U3 |4 |3 |5 |3 |5 |

    Step-by-step solution:
    1. Calculate the similarity between Alice and the users U1, U2, and U3.
    2. Use similarity to predict the unknown rating for Alice on NYT.
    Question 4: Content-based Systems

    Content Analyzer: This component analyzes the characteristics of items.


    Profile Learner: This component develops a profile of users based on their interactions with
    items.

    Functions:
    1. Content Analyzer processes item attributes such as genre, keywords, etc.
    2. Profile Learner tracks user preferences and adapts recommendations based on past
    interactions.

    Question 5: Classification Algorithms

    Classification algorithms are supervised learning techniques that categorize data into
    predefined classes.

    Examples:
    1. Logistic Regression
    2. Decision Trees
    3. Random Forests
    4. Support Vector Machines (SVM)
    5. k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)

    Step-by-step explanation:
    Each algorithm works by learning patterns from labeled data and predicting the class for
    unseen data.

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