Name: ____________________________________ Index Number____________

School: _____________________________________________________________
Stream: _________ Candidates Signature: ____________ Date: _________

Instructions to Candidates

(a) Write your name, school, admission number, stream, date and sign in the spaces provided at the top of
the page.
(b) This paper consists of two sections; A and B.
(c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
(d) Mathematical tables and electronic calculator may be used.
(e) This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
(f) Candidates should answer the questions in English

For Examiners use Only.

Section Question Maximum Candidate’s
Score Score
A 1 – 13 25

14 12

15 12
B
16 11

17 10

18 10

TOTAL SCORE. 80
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SECTION A (25 MARKS)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. The diagram below illustrates a method of charging a metal sphere.

a) Name the method of charging shown above. (1 mark)

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b) Indicate the final charge on the sphere. (1 mark)

2. The diagram below shows three point sources with an opaque object placed between them and the
screen.

State and explain the nature of shadow formed along BC. (2 marks)
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3. Convex mirrors are preferred over plane mirrors as driving mirrors. Explain. (1 mark)
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4. Arrange the following radiations in order of decreasing wavelength. (1 mark)

Gamma rays, Violet light, Ultraviolet and Infrared
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5. The diagram below shows two rays A and B entering a semi-circular glass block which has a critical
angle of 420. The rays are incident at point O.

a) Define the term critical angle. (1 mark)

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b) Complete the path of the two rays from point O. Label A 1 and B1 the corresponding rays.
(2 marks)
6. Two heaters X and Y are connected in parallel across 240 V mains supply. Heater X is rated 1000 W
and Y is rated 2.5 kW. Calculate the ratio of their resistance . (2 marks)

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7. .
a) State how the speed of sound in air is affected by increase in humidity. (1 mark)
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b) Name the type of wave produced when a stretched wire is plucked. (1 mark)
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8. Sketch the magnetic field for a conductor shown in the diagram below. (1 mark)

9. The diagram below shows two conducting wires A and B passing through a horizontal piece of
cardboard.

a) Sketch the resultant magnetic field patterns when electric current of high magnitude is passed in
both the wires as shown. (1 mark)
b) State the resulting effect of the field on the wires at the loose ends. (1 mark)
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10. The diagram below shows a simple cell.

a) Name the electrode A. (1 mark)

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b) Explain why the bulb goes off after a short time. (1 mark)
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11. The diagram below shows the image formed when an object is placed in front of a concave lens.

Complete the ray diagram to show the position of the object. (2 marks)
12. During Young’s double slit experiment using a red light, state the effect of the following procedure on
the interference fringes.
a) Decreasing the slit separation distance. (1 mark)
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b) Reducing the distance between the slits and the screen. (1 mark)
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c) Covering one of the slits. (1 mark)
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13. The diagram below shows an arrangement of capacitors connected to 10 V d.c supply.

Determine the charge stored in the 2 𝜇F capacitor. (2 marks)

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SECTION B: (55 MARKS)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

14. .
a) In transmitting power, it is necessary to step up the voltage before transmission. Explain.
(2 marks)
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b) A house has five rooms with 240 V, 60 W bulbs. If the bulbs are switched on from 7.00 pm to 10.30
pm:
i. Calculate the power consumed per day in kilowatt-hours. (3 marks)
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ii. Find the cost per week for lighting these rooms at Kshs 6.70 per unit. (2 marks)
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c) The diagram below is a simplified illustration of a d.c generator.
 7

i. Show on the diagram the direction of induced current through R when the coil is in the position
shown in the diagram. (1 mark)
ii. State and explain two ways of increasing the amount of induced current in this set-up.
(2 marks)
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iii. On the axis below, sketch a graph to show how potential difference across R varies with time. The
coil is initially horizontal. (1 mark)

d) Explain how hysteresis losses can be minimized in a transformer. (1 mark)

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15. .
a) The diagram below shows the construction and circuit of a modern X-Ray tube.
 8

i. Name the part labelled C and state its function. (2 marks)

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ii. Name the metal used in parts B and state why it is suitable for the use in the tube. (2 marks)
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iii. State the reasons for having the cooling fins. (1 mark)
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iv. State the energy changes in the X-Ray tube. (1 mark)
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v. State how increasing the filament current affect the nature of the X-Rays produced.
(1 mark)
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b) The diagram below shows the waveform of a signal applied at the Y-Plates of an oscilloscope whose
time-base is switched to the scale of 2.5 milliseconds per centimetre.

Determine:

i. The period of the signal. (2 marks)

 9

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ii. The frequency of the signal. (3 marks)
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16. .
a) Define the term threshold frequency. (1 mark)
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b) The diagram below shows an arrangement used to investigate photoelectric effect.

c)
i. Name the part labelled P. (1 mark)
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ii. State two measurable quantities in this set up. (2 marks)
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d) The diagram below is a graph of stopping potential (V s) against frequency, (f).
 10

From the graph, determine:

i. The threshold wavelength given that c = 3.0 x 10 8 m/s. (2 marks)

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ii. Planck's constant, h. (e = 1.6 x 10-19 C) (3 marks)
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iii. The work function of the metal in electron volts.
(Take charge on an electron e = 1.6 x 10-19 C) (2 marks)
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 11

17.
a) The diagram below shows a Geiger Muller Tube.

i. State the purpose of the mica window. (1 mark)

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ii. State the purpose of the bromine. (1 mark)
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iii. Briefly explain how the Geiger Muller tube it works to detect radiations. (3 marks)
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iv. When beta and alpha radiations are passed through a magnetic field, the beta radiations are deflected
more than the alpha radiations. Give a reason for this observation. (1 mark)
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b) The graph below shows radioactive decay of iodine.
 12

Use the graph to determine the:

i. Fraction of the amount remaining after 16.2 days. (2 marks)
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ii. Determine the half – life of iodine. (2 marks)
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18. .
a) Define doping as used in electronics (1 mark)
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b) Distinguish between a p-type and n-type semiconductors in terms of charge carriers. (2 marks)
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 13

c) Explain what happens to the depletion layer when a diode is reverse biased. (2 marks)
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d) The diagram below shows two ways of biasing a P.N junction.

i. In which circuit will current flow? (1 mark)

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ii. Explain your answer in i. above. (1 mark)
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iii. A current of 0.7 A flows through a wire when a potential difference of 0.35 V is applied at the
ends of the wire. If the wire is 0.5 m long and has a cross-sectional area of 8.0 x 10 3 mm2,
determine its resistivity. (3 marks)
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