Principles of Irrigation & drainage Engineering: Worked Example 2016/17

Example 1
Design an irrigation channel in a non-erodible material to carry a discharge of 15cumecs when the maximum
permissible velocity is 0.8m/s. Assume the bed slope of 1 in 4000, side slope= 1:1 and Manning’s n=0.025.
Given For a trapezoidal cros sec tion
Q=15m3/s The cross  sec tional area, A  DB  ZD 
V=0.8m/s 18.75  D( B  1D)         Eq. (1)

S=1 in 4000 The wetted perimeter, P  B  2 D 1  z 2

SS=1:1 13.2  B  2 D 1  12
n= 0.025 13.2  B  2 2 D
Solution 13.2  B  2.828D
B  13.2  2.828D          Eq. (2)
Step 1: Determine the cross-sectional area, A
Q 15
A   18.75m 2 Substitutethe valuesof B from eq. 2 in to eq.1,
V 0.8
solve for D
Step 2: Compute the hydraulic radius, R
D( B  D)  18.75
D13.2  2.828D   D   18.75
3
1 2 1  Vn  2
V  R 3S 2 R 1 
n  S 2  13.2 D  2.828D 2  D 2  18.75
3 1.828D 2  13.2 D  18.75  0
  2

 0.8 * 0.025 This is a quadraticequationin D. It is to be solved

R  1.42m
 1

 4000  
0.5 
by quadratic formula.

Step 3: Determine the wetted perimeter, P 13.2   13.22  4 *1.828 *18.75

D1, 2 
2 * 1.828
A 18.75m 2
P   13.20m 13.2  6.094
R 1.42m 
3.656
Step 4: Determine the depth, D and bed width B 13.2  6.094
D1   5.28m
As the side slopes are given the section is trapezoidal. 3.656
13.2  6.094
B+2zD
D2   1.94m
3.656
If D  D1  5.28m
B  13.2  2.828 * 5.28  1.725m
D 1V:1H This is absurd and not acceptable.
If D  D2  1.94m
B  13.2  2.828 * 1.94  7.70m
B Hence the answersare
Depth, D  1.94m
Bottom width, B  7.7 m

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Principles of Irrigation & drainage Engineering: Lecture Note 2015/16
A  y b  Zy 
Example 2
53.1  2(b  0.5 * 2)
3
Design an irrigation channel to carry 50m /sec of  2b  2
discharge. The channel is to be laid at a slope of 1 in 53.1  2
b  25.55m
4000. The critical velocity ratio for the soil is 1.1. 2
Use Kutter's Rugosity Coefficient as 0.023.
Wetted Perimeter, P
Given
P  b  2y 1 Z 2
3
Q  50 m sec
 25.55m  2 * 2 1  (0.5) 2
1  30.03m
S
1000
m  1.1 Hydraulic Radius, R
n  0.023 A 53.1
R   1.77m
Solution P 30.03
1) Determine the critical velocity, Vo 4) Compute the mean velocity flow, v
Assume a depth, y  2m    
 1   23  0.00155 
Vo  0.55my 0.64
 0.023  1  
V   4000   1.77 * 1
Vo  0.55 *1.1 * 2 0.64  0.942 m
sec     4000
1   23  0.00155 0.023 
2) Determine the cross - sectional area   1  1.77 
  4000  
3
Q 50 m sec  1.016m / sec
A 
Vo 0.942 m
sec
 53.1m 2
3) Determination of channel dimensions

Assume side slope of 1 : 1 in which Z  1

2 2

= 1.016 m/sec
5) Compare the mean velocity, V and critical
velocity, VO
Fig Channel cross-section
V = 1.016m/sec > Vo = 0.942m/sec or V>Vo
Cross-sectional area, A
Hence we have to repeat the computation.
In order to increase the critical velocity, Vo we have
to increase the depth, so increase the depth.

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Principles of Irrigation & drainage Engineering: Lecture Note 2015/16
Assume, depth y = 3m  
 1
 23 
0.00155 
Then repeat the above procedure from 1 to 5.  0.023 1 
V   4000  2.02 * 1
Vo  0.55 *1.18(3) 0.64  1.22 m     4000
sec

1  23  0.00155  0.023 
50   1  2.02 
A  40.8m 2   4000  
1.22
 
40.8  3 b  1 * 3  40.8  3b  4.5
2
 1.10 m
sec

40.5  4.5
b  12.1m Therfore, V=1.1m/sec>Vo=1.087m/sec
3
Hence we need to try again.
p  b  2 y 1  k 2  12.1  2(3) 1  0.5  18.81m
2
Third trial, increase the depth.
A 40.8
R   2.17
P 18.81
 
 1
 23 
0.00155 
 0.023 1 
V   4000  2.17 * 1
    4000
1   23  0.00155 0.023 
  1  2.17 
  4000  
 1.16 m
sec

V  1.16 m  V  1.22 m ; or V  Vo
sec 0 sec
Hence we have to try again
Second trail; reduce the depth.  
Depth, y=2.5m  1
 23 
0.00155 
 0.023 1 
V   4000  2.13 * 1
    4000

1  23  0 . 00155  0. 023 
  1  2.13 
  4000  
 1.148 m
sec
Comparison
V=1.148m/sec=Vo=1.147m/sec
Accordingly, the actual mean velocity tallies with the
critical velocity, Vo.
Hence, Use a trapezoidal canal cross-section with
depth, y=2.7m, bottom depth, b=14.14m or rounded
to 14.20m and side slope 1:1/2.

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Principles of Irrigation & drainage Engineering: Lecture Note 2015/16
Example 3
Design a regime channel of a discharge of 50 cumecs and silt factor 1:1 using Lacey's Theory.

Given
b+2zy
Q = 50 cumecs f = 1.1
Solution
y 1V:1/2H
1. Compute silt factor, f
It is already give as f=1.1
2.Compute the mean Velocity of flow
b
1 1
 Qf 2  6  50 * 1.12  6  50 * 1.21 16 For a trapezoidal cros sec tion
V     The cross  sec tional area, A  y b  Zy 
 140   140   140 
 0.4320.167 The wetted perimeter, P  b  2 y 1  z 2
Substitutethe knownvalues from above
 0.869 m sec

3.Compute cross-sectional area of channel section P  b  2 y 1  0.5

2

A
Q

50
 56.3m 2 33.56  b  2.236 y
V 0.869  b  33.56 - 2.236y - - - - - -eq.1
4.Compute wetted perimeter of channel section A  yb  0.5y
P  4.75 Q  4.75 50  33.56m 56.3  y b  0.5 y       eq.2

5. Compute the hydraulic mean depth, R Substitute equation 1 into 2

i) With Lacey formula 56.3  y33.56  2.240y  0.5y

 33.56y  2.240y 2  0.5y
5  v 2  5  0.8692 
R   1.675m  33.56y - 1.740y2
2  f  2  1.1 

ii) With conventional formula

1.740y 2  33.56y  56.3  0
A 56.3m 2 a b c
R   1.677 The two values are
P 33.56m This is a quadratic equation with a=1.74m, b=-
very close and may be taken as correct and ok. 33.56m and c=56.3m. Thus we can use the
6.Computation of the dimension of the channel quadratic formula to solve it.
section
For a trapezoidal channel, choose side slope.
1 1
Side slope, 1V : H , thus Z   0.5
2 2

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Principles of Irrigation & drainage Engineering: Lecture Note 2015/16

33.56  33.562  4 *1.740 * 563 b  33.56  2.24y

Y1, 2   33.56 - 2.241.85
2 *1.736
33.56  30.51  29.42m

2 * 1.736 7. Determine the bed slope S
33.56 - 27.10
y1   1.85m
1.1 3
5 5
f 3
2 *1.736 S 
33.56  27.10 3340 50  6
1 1
6
0r y 2   17.43m 3340 Q
2 *1.736
1.1
5
3
y 2  17.43m is very l arg e, unfeasbleand results   0.0001828
6410 .74
in negativevalueof b. 1.172

Hence, y  1.85m 6410 .74
1
Substituting y=1.85m into equ. 1 above, we can 
6410.74
get the value of b. 1.172
 1 in 5470

Example 4
Design the most efficient cross-section of a lined trapezoidal canal to carry a discharge of 15 cumecs when
the maximum permissible velocity is 2m/s. Assume the side slope= 1:1. Also, determine the bed slope for the
canal if the Chezy coefficient, C= 60.
Given For most efficenttrapezoidal cross  sec tion
Q=15m3/s V=2m/s SS=1:1 C= 60 D
R
2
Solution
D D( B  D)
Step 1: Determine the cross-sectional area, A 
2 B  2.828D
Q 15 DB  2.828D 2  2 DB  2 D 2
A   7.5m 2
V 2 DB  2 DB  2.828D 2  2 D 2  0
Step 2: Compute the hydraulic radius, R  DB  1.828D 2  0
A  B  1.828D  0
R
P B  1.828D
For trapezoidal sec tion the following holdstrue.
A  D( B  zD)  D( B  1D)  D( B  D)
P  B  2 D 1  z 2  B  2 D 1  12
 B  2 2 D  B  2.828D
D( B  D)
R
B  2.828D

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Principles of Irrigation & drainage Engineering: Lecture Note 2015/16
A  DB  D 2
Substitutethe valueof A  7.5m 2 and B  1.828D
int o the aboveequation
7.5  D(0.828D)  D 2
 0.828D 2  D 2
 1.828D 2
7.5
D2   4.1026
1.828
D  4.1028  2.03m  2.00m
B  0.828* 2  1.66m

Deter min ationof bed slope, S

Chezy' s formula V  C RS
V V2 D 2
S  S 2
, R    1m
C R C R 2 2
22 1
S  2 
60 * 1 900

B+2zD

D=2.0m 1V:1H

1.66m

4TH YEAR HWRE, JIT Page 6

Principles of Irrigation & drainage Engineering: Lecture Note 2015/16

4TH YEAR HWRE, JIT Page 7