HISTORY

NOVEMBER CONTROL TEST

TERM 4
2021

GRADE 8

NAME AND DATE

SURNAME
TEACHER Ms K. George/ Mrs T. Zome EXAMINER Ms K. George
MODERATOR Mrs T. Zome TIME 1h30min
HOD Mr M. Sibanda

FINAL MARK COMMENTS

C
QUESTION 1: 27 P
SCRAMBLE FOR
AFRICA
PARAGRAPH 8
QUESTION 2: WWI 20
TOTAL 75 QUESTION 3: WW1 20

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1
1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on
the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
SECTION A SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1: THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1884
QUESTION2: WORLD WAR ONE (1914-1918)
SECTION B ESSAY QUESTION
QUESTION 3: WORLD WAR ONE (1914-1918)
2. SECTION A consists of TWO source-based question. Source material
that is required to answer these questions can be found in the
ADDENDUM.
3. SECTION B consists of ONE essay question.
4. When answering the questions, you should apply your knowledge,
skills and insight.
5. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system
used in this question paper.
7. Write neatly and legibly.

2
 SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1: SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1884 (COMPULSORY)
KEY QUESTION: WHAT WERE THE CAUSES AND IMPACTS OF THE SCRAMBLE
FOR AFRICA?

Study Sources 1A, 1B and 1C and answer the questions that follow.

1.1 Use Source 1A.

1.1.1 Define the term Scramble for Africa. (1x2) (2)
1.1.2 What, according to the source, was the name of the meeting in 1884? (1x1) (1)
1.1.3 List the reasons European countries took over Africa. (2x1) (2)
1.1.4 Use your own knowledge, explain the reasons why Otto von Bismarck (2x2) (4)
arranged the Berlin Conference.
1.1.5 What, according to the source was Belgium interested in? (2x1) (2)

1.2 Consult Source 1B.

1.2.1 What message is the cartoonist trying to portray with regards to the (2x2) (4)
colonisation of Africa?

1.3 Study Source 1C.

1.3.1 Quote evidence from the source that proves Africans were no longer (1x2) (2)
independent.
1.3.2 Comment on (explain) the negative impact of colonisation for African people. (2x2) (4)
1.3.3 Explain the economic benefits of colonisation for European countries. (2x2) (4)
1.3.4 Mention the two countries in Africa that were not colonized. (2x1) (2)
1.4 Use your own knowledge and the sources to write a paragraph of 8 lines (8)
(about 80 words) explaining the causes and impacts of the Scramble for
Africa.
TOTAL QUESTION 1: [35]

QUESTION 2: WORLD WAR ONE 1914 (COMPULSORY)

3
KEY QUESTION: HOW DID TRENCH WARFARE IMPACT THE LIVES OF SOLDIERS
DURING WORLD WAR I (1914 – 1918)?

Study Sources 2A, 2B and 2C and answer the questions that follow.

2.1 Use Source 2A.

2.1.1 When, according to the source did World War begin? (1x1) (1)
2.1.2 Who, according to the source was France’s allies during World War I? (2x1) (2)
2.1.3 Within the context of World War I, define the term trench warfare. (1x2) (2)
2.1.4 Comment (explain) on why soldiers dug trenches during World War I. (2x2) (4)

2.1 Consult Source 2B.

2.2.1 List any TWO diseases that spread in the trenches. (2x1) (2)
2.2.2 What, according to the source, was ONE major cause of death among the (1x1) (1)
soldiers?
2.2.3 Use the source and your own knowledge and explain the conditions that (2x2) (4)
soldiers had to endure in the trenches.

2.3 Study Source 2C.

2.3.1 What can a student studying the conditions of trenches during World War I (2x2) (4)
learn from this source?
TOTAL QUESTION 2: [20]

4
SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTION (COMPULSORY)

Your essay should be about 1 page (250- 300 words) long.

QUESTION 3: WORLD WAR ONE (1914-1918)

‘Although the assassination of the Archduke of Austria was the immediate cause of World [20]
War I, there were many long-term causes for this war, such as nationalism, industrial
economies, control of the seas and colonization’.

Do you agree with the statement? Use relevant historical evidence to support your line of
argument.

Use the following structure to guide you.

Introduction
Paragraph one: Immediate cause of WWI
Paragraph two: Long-term causes of WWI
Conclusion
TOTAL SECTION B [20]
TOTAL SECTION A AND B: [75]

5
HISTORY ADDENDUM NOVEMBER 2022
QUESTION 1: SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1884
KEY QUESTION: WHAT WERE THE CAUSES AND IMPACTS OF THE
SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA?

SOURCE 1A
The following source explains the causes of colonisation of Africa.

Colonization in Africa started long before the Berlin conference. European countries
took over Africa because it was rich and they wanted economic power. Britain made
an excuse by saying it wanted to stop slavery in Africa, so they colonized parts of
Africa. Belgium was interested in diamonds, rubber, and Congo coffee. Germany
wanted to show power, so it took Namibia.

This scramble was made lawful by the Berlin conference in 1884. At this conference,
countries agreed to stop fighting and divide Africa amongst themselves. They knew
Africa well because their explorers and missionaries were already in Africa.

Adapted from: http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialism/a/ScrambleWhy.htm

and http://en.wikepedia.org/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa

SOURCE 1B
The following political cartoon shows the European colonization of Africa.

From: https://www.worldviewsummit.org/post/christians-guilty-of-colonialism-and-
imperialism

6
HISTORY ADDENDUM NOVEMBER 2022

SOURCE 1C
This source focuses on the political and economic impacts (results) of colonization.

In the late 19th and early 20th century European countries took most of Africa.
European governments sent officials and soldiers to rule their colonies. Africans
were no longer free to rule themselves. Some fought wars of resistance (protest) to
try to prevent this.

Europeans divided up Africa by making borders between the different colonies.

Sometimes these borders divided kingdoms and chiefdoms. Colonial governments
passed laws to keep Africans in an inferior position. They were forced to live in
segregated (separate) lives. They were usually treated as second-class citizens and
were treated very badly.

The economic result of colonization was that European powers took over the land to
grow crops and raw materials that they needed in Europe. African people lost land
that they had for generations. They were forced to make way for colonial farms and
plantations to grow cash crops. After a while, they could not grow enough food to
feed themselves. The raw materials such as rubber, cotton, gold, diamonds, and
copper that the European countries got from Africa made them wealthy. However,
Africa did not benefit from this wealth.

Almost all African countries except for Ethiopia and Liberia were colonized. The
result of colonization was many and different. There were social, economic, and
political results that changed Africa completely.

From: Oxford Social Sciences Grade 8 Learners Book J.Battaro, S.Cohen, L.Dilley,
R.Versfeld and P.Visser.

7
HISTORY ADDENDUM NOVEMBER 2022

QUESTION 2: WORLD WAR ONE 1914

KEY QUESTION: HOW DID TRENCH WARFARE IMPACT THE LIVES OF
SOLDIERS DURING WORLD WAR I (1914 – 1918)?

SOURCE 2A

The extract describes the reason why trenches were used during World War I.

When the war started in August 1914, the German army invaded France. Germany
planned to defeat France quickly, and then attack Russia, Frances ally. But this did
not happen. The French, with their allies, the British fought back. Both sides were
evenly matched, and neither could advance. So, they dug lines of trenches for
their soldiers to shelter in. The trenches protected the soldiers from enemy attack.
Soon there were rows and rows of trenches facing each other. They stretched
about 600km, cutting across northern France and Belgium. This whole line of
trenches became known as the Western Front.

The trenches were protected by sandbags and coils of barbed wire. Soldiers would
stand on the fire step to shoot over the top. Head wounds were common. In battle,
soldiers would have to climb over the top, run over the ground (known as no-man’s
land) to the enemy’s trench and kill the men there. It was impossible to advance.

From: Oxford Social Sciences J.Battaro, S.Cohen, L.Dilley, R.Versfeld and

P.Visser.

8
HISTORY ADDENDUM NOVEMBER 2022

SOURCE 2B

This source explains the conditions of in the trenches.

Conditions in the trenches were terrible. During winter the trenches were turned
into mud pools, often causing soldiers and animals to drown. Heavy rains forced
soldiers to remain standing in the water which led to a condition called “trench
foot”. Their feet would become infected from the cold, wet and dirty conditions. As
a result, the soldiers’ feet would be amputated (removed).

Many soldiers died in the trenches from bullet wounds and poor living conditions.
There was no time to bury the dead and soldiers shared the trenched with rotting
corpses (dead bodies). During the long hot summers the stench (smell) from
rotting corpses became unbearable. This led to infestation (plague) by rats and
the spread of diseases, such as typhus, cholera and dysentery.

The death toll amongst the wounded was very high because antibiotics (medicine)
were not in use yet. A major cause of death among the wounded was infection and
gangrene (rotting flesh).

From: https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/western-front

9
HISTORY ADDENDUM NOVEMBER 2021

SOURCE 2C

This photograph is of French troops in 1915. Soldiers lived in dugouts built in the
side of the trench. Often up to six men would share a dugout. There was no privacy
and lice infected everything.

From: https://www.britishempire.co.uk/boniface/humanities/history/year9/
trenches.htm

10