Demographic profile

*Sex

(International)

According to (Yaqoot et al., 2016) It was found out that female vulnerability to poor sleep quality should
be explored beyond psycho-social disparities. Perhaps, exploring if the female predisposition to poor
sleep quality originates at the biological level could lead to the answer.

In the study conducted by Fakir et al., (2021) that the Gender difference of TST exist between boys and
girls. It was found that boys who slept longer had experienced lower academic grades compare to those
of girls.

(National)

In the study conducted by Michele et al.,(2015)our results indicate a higher risk propensity of males
after a night of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation causes increased sleepiness and decreased alertness
in all subjects. After sleep loss males make riskier decisions compared to the rested condition, while
females do the opposite. Females likewise show decreased inequity aversion after sleep deprivation.

(Local)

*Age

(International)

In the study conducted by Juliann et al., (2024) found out that the physical, mental and behavioral
problems that happen when a teen goes without sleep are huge. Teens need nine hours of sleep a night
for their developing brains. But studies show that close to 70% of teens don’t get that. .

(National)

The study examined the sleep quality of senior high school students based on sex and strand. The
findings revealed a significant difference in sleep quality between males and females. Males
demonstrated better sleep quality with good sleep and only mild difficulties, while females had
average sleep quality and moderate difficulty in sleeping. However, no significant differences were
found between the sleep quality of ABM, HUMSS, and STEM students. Despite this, the study
indicated that ABM students had good sleep quality with mild difficulties, while HUMSS and
STEM students had average sleep quality and moderate sleep difficulty. Bearenee et al., ( 2023)

*Duration
(International)

According to Kuula et al., (2019) Young adults in Asia had the shortest sleep duration (6hr 30 min),
whereas those in Oceania (7hr 14 min) and Europe (7hr 7 min) had the longest. Young adults in Central
and Southern America and the Middle East also reported short sleep (6hr 40min),” said Gradisar, citing
higher work and educational demands in Asian countries compared to the west.

(National)

Keanu Paul (2021) that the young adults need at least 8 to 10 hours of sleep. While in his study
reveals that sleep deprivation may affect academic performance, the study obtains 95% confidence
that respondents show a mean between 6.85 hours and 7.40 hours 6. This indicates the
respondents may occasionally lack 1 to 2 hours of sleep from the required average of 8 to 10
hours of rest. At the same time, 70% have partial sleep deprivation where most of their time is
spent studying for exams, doing school projects, using social media, and video gaming. Students
regardless of the drowning projects, exams, and the influence of social media are partially sleep
deprived even though they are aware of the hi consequences of sleep loss. However, the lack of
correlation of sleep and general average show that students can get away sacrificing a portion of
their sleep to have their desired grades. It also shows that the students are accustomed to sleep
deprivation and the school’s curriculum.

(Local)

Mental condition/state

(International)

Muhammad et al., (2024) There research aimed to investigate the impact of sleep deprivation on the
mental health and academic performance of students. Our findings revealed a significant association
between sleep deprivation and adverse effects on physical health, cognitive performance, and grades.
The majority of participants reported disruptions in their physical well-being, including disturbances in
sleep patterns. Our research aligns with studies indicating that sleep deprivation tends to compromise
cognitive functions and overall health.

(National)

In the study, Effects of Sleep Deprivation to the Mental Health Stability of Selected Grade 9 Students of
Ramon Magsaysay High School (2019). That most of the students do not get an adequate amount of
sleep time since the time needed for sleep among teenage students is 8-10 hours in accordance to the
report of the National Sleep Foundation. Students cannot focus or give all of their effort with the
damaging mental volatility that they have and multiple happenings of sleep deprivation can also ruin our
activities especially for students that endure scholastic activities.

(Local)

Physical health

(International)

In a study by Chattu, Manzar, and Pandi-Perumal (2019) entitled “The GlobalProblem of Insufficient
Sleep and its Serious Public Health Implications”, they havefound out that insufficient is prevalent across
different age groups that is why it isconsidered as a public health epidemic that is often unrecognized,
under-reported, andthat high economic costs. Additionally, insufficient sleep leads to the derailment of
bodysystems that may cause different body ailments such as cardiovascular diseases.

(National)

In this study Bermundo et al., (2019) the researchers intend to seek how sleep deprivation affects the
students in correlation to the mental health of students. This study will be done to the selected 9th
Graders of Ramon Magsaysay (Cubao) High School. The results reveal that most of the Grade 9 students
do have sleep deficiency and it has a direct effect on their mood, their social skills, and their response to
environmental stimuli.

(Local)

Grades and learning

(International)

According to Shelley D Hershner and Ronald D Chervin (2014) that the Daytime sleepiness, sleep
deprivation, and irregular sleep schedules are highly prevalent among college students, as 50% report
daytime sleepiness and 70% attain insufficient sleep. The consequences of sleep deprivation and
daytime sleepiness are especially problematic to college students and can result in lower grade point
averages, increased risk of academic failure, compromised learning, impaired mood, and increased risk
of motor vehicle accidents. This article reviews the current prevalence of sleepiness and sleep
deprivation among college students, contributing factors for sleep deprivation, and the role of sleep in
learning and memory. The impact of sleep and sleep disorders on academics, grade point average,
driving, and mood will be examined. Most importantly, effective and viable interventions to decrease
sleepiness and sleep deprivation through sleep education classes, online programs, encouragement of
naps, and adjustment of class time will be reviewed. This paper highlights that addressing sleep issues,
which are not often considered as a risk factor for depression and academic failure, should be
encouraged. Promotion of university and college policies and class schedules that encourage healthy
and adequate sleep could have a significant impact on the sleep, learning, and health of college
students. Future research to investigate effective and feasible interventions, which disseminate both
sleep knowledge and encouragement of healthy sleep habits to college students in a time and cost
effective manner, is a priority.

(National)

According to Janzen et al., (2019)Upon the results of the data gathered by the researchers, it was seen
that the most common reason of students in sleep deprivation is by using gadgets at night as well as
National Sleep Foundation said that 95% of people use some type of computer, video game, or cell
phone at least a few nights a week within the hour before bed. And by this factors almost half of student
says that they feel tired throughout the school day that cause of struggling in test taking and fallen
asleep in class.

(Local)