Câu bị động

Câu chủ động (active voice): Chủ ngữ là đối tượng chính Người thực hiện hành động
(tác động lên động từ) - Ai làm gì?

Câu bị động (passive voice): hành động tác động lên chủ ngữ/ Chủ ngữ bị động từ tác
động lên - Ai bị/được làm gì?

VD:

 Chủ động: I deliver the letters in the morning.

 Bị động: The letters are delivered in the morning.

Cách dùng câu bị động:

 Cách 1: Được dùng để nhấn mạnh đến đối tượng bị hành động khác tác động lên
hơn là chủ thể thực hiện hành động đó

Ví dụ: My father punished my brother for playing video games all the night (Bố tôi đã
phạt em trai tôi vì chơi điện tử cả đêm)

=> My brother was punished by my father for playing video games all night. (Em trai tôi
bị phạt bởi bố tôi vì chơi cả buổi tối)

 Cách 2: Khi không biết ai/ cái gì thực hiện hành động hoặc điều gì đó cũng
không quan trọng

Ví dụ: Someone stole my wallet

=> My wallet was stolen (Ví của tôi bị mất mất)

- Trong trường hợp này chúng ta không nói là “Someone stole my wallet" mà chúng ta
muốn nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể là “wallet"

Công thức
Câu chủ động: S + V + O
 Câu bị động: O + to be + P2 +
(by S)
Ví dụ:

 I deliver the letters in the morning (Dịch: Tôi đã gửi những là thư này từ buổi sáng
rồi)

➤ The letters are delivered in the morning (Dịch: Những là thư này đã được gửi đi sáng
nay)

 Everyone loves Tom. (Dịch: Tất cả mọi người yêu quý Tom.)
➤ Tom is loved by everyone. (Dịch: Tom được yêu quý bởi tất cả mọi người.)

Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu (O) và đẩy lên đầu câu làm chủ ngữ (S).

Bước 2: Quan sát động từ chính (V) và xác định thì của câu.

Bước 3: Chuyển đổi động từ về dạng bị động “to be + P2” theo thì của câu gốc

Lưu ý: To be của câu bị động => chia theo V trong câu chủ động

Bước 4: Chuyển đổi chủ ngữ (S) trong câu chủ động thành tân ngữ (O), đưa về cuối câu
và thêm “by” phía trước.

 Chú ý:

Nếu S - chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: they, people, everyone, someone, anyone, etc =>
thì không cần đưa vào câu bị động .

VD: Someone stole my bike last night.

 My bike was stolen last night.

Cách biến đổi ở các thì khác nhau

Phân loại theo thì (Tense) Chủ động (Active) Bị động (Passive)
 Hiện tại đơn S+V+O S + be + P2 (+ by SB)

Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are +Ving +O S + am/is/are + being + P2

(+ by SB)

Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + P2 +O S + have/has + been + P2

(+ by SB)

Quá khứ đơn S + Ved/bất quy tắc + O S + was/were+ P2 (+ by

SB)

Tương lai gần S + is/am/are going to + S + is/am/are going to +

Vnguyên thể + O be+ P2 + O

Tương lai đơn S + will + Vnguyên thể S + will + be + P2

Bài tập

Task 1. Choose the best answer

1. We can’t go along here because the road……………………

A. is repairing B. is repaired

C. is being repaired D. repairs

2. The story I’ve just read……………….Agatha Christie.

A. was written B. was written by

C. was written from D. wrote by

3. I’m going to go out and………………………………………….

A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut

C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut

4. Something funny ………………………in class yesterday.

A. happened B. was happened

C. happens D. is happened

5. Many US automobiles……………………in Detroit, Michigan.

A. manufacture B. have manufactured

C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing

Task 2. Choose the best answer

1. The boy…………………….by the teacher yesterday.

A. punish B. punished

C. punishing D. was punished

2. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already………………,
sir. They’re on your desk.”

A. typed B. been being typed

C. being typed D. been typed

3. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It………………….of cotton.

A. be made B. are made

C. is made D. made
4. They had a boy………………….. that yesterday.

A. done B. to do

C. did D. do

5. We got our mail ………………..yesterday.

A. been delivered B. delivered

C. delivering D. to deliver

6. James……..the news as soon as possible.

A. should tell B. should be told

C. should told D. should be telled

7. My wedding ring …………………. yellow and white gold.

A. is made B. is making

C. made D. make

8. Mr. Wilson is………………... as Willie to his friend.

A. known B. knew

C. is known D. know

9. References …………………….in the examination room.

A. not are used B. is not used

C. didn’t used D. are not used

10. Laura ………………….in Boston.

A. are born B. were born

C. was born D. born

Task 3. Change these sentences into Passive voice

1. They will finish their work next week

 Their work

2. The fire has caused considerable damage

Considerable damage

3. The police were following the suspects

The suspects

4. We're going to give David a pig surprise

David

5. I think Alfred Nobel invented dynamite

 Alfred Nobel

Task 5. Change these sentences into passive voice

1. The waiter brings me this dish.

 This dish

2. Our friends send these postcards to us.

These postcards

3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.

 This story

4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.

 This train

5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.

 The special

6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

 Her ticket

7. He lends his friend his new shoes.

 His new shoes

8. She left her relatives five million pounds.

 Five million pounds

9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

These boxes

10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

 The first prize

Task 6. Change these sentences into Passive voice

1. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?

 Have

2. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.

Alice

3. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.

 The broken cup

4. They keep this room tidy all the time.

 This room

5. They all voted the party a great success.

 The party

Task 7. Change these sentences into Passive voice

1. My father waters this flower every morning.

 This flower

2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.

 Fiona

3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.

 The dinner

4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.

 Our teeth

5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.

 The English grammar

6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.

 The accident

7. Tom will visit his parents next month.

 Tom’s parents

8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.

The secretary

9. Did Mary this beautiful dress?

 Was

10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.

 These old pictures

Task 8. Change these sentences into Passive voice

1. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.

 This factory
2. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.

 This house

3. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.

 The cats

4. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.

 the pollution problems

5. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?

 Has

6. Some people will interview the new president on TV.

 The new president

7. How many languages do they speak in Canada?

 How many

8. Are you going to repair those shoes?

 Are

9. He has broken his nose in a football match.

 His nose

10. Have you finished the above sentences?

 Have

Task 9. Choose the best answer

1. His car needs …………………..

A. be fixed B. fixing

C. to be fixing D. fixed
2. Her watch needs …………………..

A. repairing B. to be repaired

C. repaired D. A and B

3. My mother is going …………………….. this house.

A. sold B. sell

C. to be sold D. to sell

4. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are ………………………..

A. being followed B. are followed

C. follow D. following

5. Have you………………….. by a dog?

A. bite B. bit

C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit

Task 10. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.

1. America __________ By Columbus in 1492.

A. are discovered B. were discovering

C. is discovered D. was discovered

2. Parrots and crows __________ the most intelligent birds.

A. were considering B. are considered

C. Considered D. was considered

3. I still can’t believe! My bicycle__________ last night.

A. was stolen B. was stealing

C. were stolen D. stole

4. Mary traffic accidents __________ by dangerous driving.

A. cause B. caused

C. are caused D. which are caused.

5. Many US automobiles __________ in Detroit, Michigan.

A. manufacture B. are manufactured

C. have manufactured D. are manufacturing

6. Grass __________ by fat cows on the green meadow.

A. are eaten B. was being eaten

C. were being eat D. was been eaten

Exercise 1. Rewrite the sentences into passive voice.

1. The girls are singing a folk song.

 A folk song

2. Mr. Thompson and his son are playing table tennis at the moment.

 Table tennis

3. My sister is baking a cake.

 A cake

4. The waitress is serving three lunches now.

 Three lunches

5. My dad is reading the newspaper at this time.

 My dad

6. They are selling cookies for Christmas right now.

Cookies
7. The dog is eating its snack.

 Snack

8. I am sweeping the floor.

 The floor

9. Anna is throwing the ball into a basket.

 The ball

10. Jimmy is choosing a present for his best friend's birthday.

 A present

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences into passive voice.

1. My mother bought this bouquet of flowers in that shop.

 This bouquet

2. Jane has found her wallet.

 Jane’s wallet

3. Our team has finished the report.

 The report

4. I have finished my exercise for two days.

 My exercise

5. He has never seen this movie before.

 This movie

6. We have heard the news already.

 The news

7. The employee has signed the contract.

 The contract

8. These boys have bought five concert tickets.

 Five concert tickets

9. His brother has studied computer science since April.

 Computer

10. My parents have taken care of my cat well.

 My cat

11. We have typed these reports for 1 hour.

 The reports

12. The police found the thief yesterday.

 the thief