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    Java Lesson 8

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    egankian797
    Java

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    Java Lesson 8

    Uploaded by

    egankian797
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    Java

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Java

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views4 pages

    Java Lesson 8

    Uploaded by

    egankian797
    Java

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Content

    Java Lesson 8 • Java Arrays


    • Access the Elements of an Array
    Java From Scratch
    • Change an Array Element
    • Array Length
    • Loop Through an Array
    • Loop Through an Array with For-Each
    Java Arrays
    Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate variables for
    each value.
    To declare an array, define the variable type with square brackets:
    String[] cars;

    We have now declared a variable that holds an array of strings. To insert values to it, you can place the
    values in a comma-separated list, inside curly braces:
    String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};

    To create an array of integers, you could write:


    int[] myNum = {10, 20, 30, 40};

    Access the Elements of an Array


    You can access an array element by referring to the index number.
    This statement accesses the value of the first element in cars:
    Example
    String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
    System.out.println(cars[0]);
    // Outputs Volvo

    Note: Array indexes start with 0: [0] is the first element. [1] is the second element, etc.

    Change an Array Element


    To change the value of a specific element, refer to the index number:
    Example
    cars[0] = "Opel";

    Example
    String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
    cars[0] = "Opel";
    System.out.println(cars[0]);
    // Now outputs Opel instead of Volvo

    Array Length
    To find out how many elements an array has, use the length property:
    Example
    String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
    System.out.println(cars.length);
    // Outputs 4

    Exercise:
    Create an array of type String called cars.

    = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford"};


    Loop Through an Array
    You can loop through the array elements with the for loop, and use the length property to specify how
    many times the loop should run.
    The following example outputs all elements in the cars array:
    Example
    String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
    for (int i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) {
    System.out.println(cars[i]);
    }

    Loop Through an Array with For-Each


    There is also a "for-each" loop, which is used exclusively to loop through elements in arrays:
    Syntax
    for (type variable : arrayname) {
    ...
    }

    The following example outputs all elements in the cars array, using a "for-each" loop:
    Example
    String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
    for (String i : cars) {
    System.out.println(i);
    }

    The example above can be read like this: for each String element (called i - as in index) in cars, print
    out the value of i.

    If you compare the for loop and for-each loop, you will see that the for-each method is easier to write,
    it does not require a counter (using the length property), and it is more readable.

    Exercise:
    Loop through the items in the cars array.

    String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford"};

    (String i : ) {
    System.out.println(i);
    }
    Java Multi-Dimensional Arrays
    Multidimensional Arrays
    A multidimensional array is an array of arrays.
    Multidimensional arrays are useful when you want to store data as a tabular form, like a table with
    rows and columns.
    To create a two-dimensional array, add each array within its own set of curly braces:
    Example
    int[][] myNumbers = { {1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7} };
    myNumbers is now an array with two arrays as its elements.
    Access Elements
    To access the elements of the myNumbers array, specify two indexes: one for the array, and one for
    the element inside that array. This example accesses the third element (2) in the second array (1) of
    myNumbers:
    Example
    int[][] myNumbers = { {1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7} };
    System.out.println(myNumbers[1][2]); // Outputs 7
    Remember that: Array indexes start with 0: [0] is the first element. [1] is the second element, etc.

    Change Element Values


    You can also change the value of an element:
    Example
    int[][] myNumbers = { {1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7} };
    myNumbers[1][2] = 9;
    System.out.println(myNumbers[1][2]); // Outputs 9 instead of 7

    Loop Through a Multi-Dimensional Array


    We can also use a for loop inside another for loop to get the elements of a two-dimensional array (we
    still have to point to the two indexes):
    Example
    public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[][] myNumbers = { {1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7} };
    for (int i = 0; i < myNumbers.length; ++i) {
    for(int j = 0; j < myNumbers[i].length; ++j) {
    System.out.println(myNumbers[i][j]);
    }
    }
    }
    }

    Exercise:
    Insert the missing part to create a two-dimensional array.

    myNumbers = { {1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7} };

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