Balake Kannada

BALAKE KANNADA
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BALAKE KANNADA
Sl.No Exercises Max Marks Marks Marks

Obtained Converted
01 Module 01
02 Module 02
03 Module 03
04 Module 04
05 Module 05
Total
Faculty Signature: Date:

BALAKE KANNADA
Module - 01 Spoken kannada

1. Interaction in hostel / college
2. Conversation in a bus
3. Conversation between friends
4. Conversation with teachers
5. Telephonic conversation
6. Conversation with shop keeper
7. Conversation with auto and cab driver
Module - 02 Read and write

1. Vowels, Initial forms & secondary forms of yogavahas
2. Classified consonants un-classified consonants
Module - 03 History of Karnataka

Royal Dynasties of Karnataka
Module - 04 Literature & Tourist Places of Karnataka

1. The Bird view of Karnataka Literature
2. Karnataka's Tourist Paradise
Module - 05 Kannada Language

History of Kannada Language

BALAKE KANNADA
Subject: Balake Kannada
(Questions / Exercises)
Module - 01 20 Marks
Introducing each other:

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Nimma hesaru enu? What is your name?

nimma uuru yaavudu? Which is your place?
nimma maatrubhashe yaavudu? What is your mother tongue?
karnaTaka da bhashe yaavudu? Which is the language in Karnataka?
nimage yaava yaava bhashe gottide? How many languages do you know?
ii gaaDi nimmadaa? Is this your vehicle?
Idu yaara roomu whose room is this?
Niivu yaaru? who are you?
adu nanna gaaDi that is my vehicle.
avaru namma tande he is my father
Ivaru namma taayi She is my mother
Idu yaara byaag? Whose bag is this?
adu nanna byaag That is my bag
Ii huDugi yaaru? Who is this girl?
Avaru yaaru? Who is he?
I. Write answers in Kannada sentences using English letter:
1. What is your name?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Which is your place?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. What is your mother tongue?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Which is the language in Karnataka?
_______________________________________________________________________________

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5. How many languages do you know?
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Is this your vehicle?
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. whose room is this?
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. who are you?
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. that is my vehicle.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. he is my father
_______________________________________________________________________________
II. Fill the blanks using the correct form of the words given in the brachek:
1. adu____________ Pustaka? (yaaru, yaara)
2. avaru nimmma __________________? (akka, akkanaa)
3. idu __________________ mane. (avaLu, avaLa)

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4. _____________________hesaru enu? (adu, adara)
5. __________________ avaru nanna chikkappa. (howdu, hawda)
6. __________________ uuru BengaLuru. (nanna, naanu)
7. __________________ BNMIT vidyaarthi (naanu, naana)
8. ee bassu banashankari ge _______________ (hogatta, hogtini)
9. howdu_________________ adara maalika naanu (adu, adara)
10. idu ____________________ byaag? (yaaru, yaara)
III. Fill in the blanks using equivalent Kannada words:
1. ____________ hesru raju (my)
2. idu _______________ mane (rented)
3. avara mane ______________ angaDi ide (in front of)
4. Aa mane __________________ sarasvathi thiyeeTar ide. (behind)
5. iavlu nanna _________________ (daughter)
6. nanna snehita_____________________ (good person)
7. __________ avalu nanna tangi ______________(no, not)
8. adu_________________ gaDiyara (small)
9. aa ______________ nimmadaa? (vehicle)
10. avanu nanna _______________(younger brother)

BALAKE KANNADA
Conversation in a Bus
Person A: ಹಲೋ! ದಯವಿಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಿ ಕುಳಿತುಕೊಳ್ಳ ೋಣ. (Hello! Please join me
and have a seat.)
Person B: ಹಲೋ! ಧನ್ಯ ವಾದಗಳು. ಯಾವ ಸ್ಥ ಳಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗಿದ್ದ ೋರಿ? (Hello! Thank
you. Where are you headed?)
Person A: ನಾನು ಓದುತ್ತಿ ರುವ ಕಲಾಶಾಲೆಗೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋನೆ. ನೋವು? (I am going to
the art school where I study. How about you?)
Person B: ನಾನು ಆಫೋಸಿಗೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋನೆ. ಯಾವ ಕಲಾಶಾಲೆ? (I am heading to

the office. Which art school are you going to?)
Person A: ನಾನು ಚಿತ್ರ ಕಲೆ ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋನೆ, ಶಿಲ್ಪ ಕಲೆ ಕಲಿಯುವ ಕಲಾಶಾಲೆ.
ನೋವು ಯಾವ ಆಫೋಸಿಗೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋರಿ? (I am studying fine arts, at a school that
teaches sculpture. Which office are you going to?)
Person B: ನಾನು ತಂತ್ರ ಜ್ಞಾ ನ್ ಕ್ಕಷ ೋತ್ರ ದಲಿಿ ಕ್ಕಲ್ಸ್ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋನೆ. ನ್ನ್ನ ಆಫೋಸು
ಬೇಸ್ರ ನ್ಗುತ್ತಿ ದ್ ಹೌದು, ಆದರೆ ಹಸ್ ಚಾಲ್ನೆಗಳನುನ ಕಲಿಯುವುದು ಚೆನಾನ ಗಿದ್.
(I work in the field of technology. My office can be a bit hectic, but learning new
trends is exciting.)
Person A: ಚಾಲ್ನೆಗಳ ಬಗೆೆ ನಾನೂ ಕೂಡ ಕೇಳಿದ್ದ ೋನೆ. ಬಹಳ

ಆಸ್ಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯಾಗಿದ್. (I've heard about trends in technology too. It's very
intriguing.)
Person B: ಹೌದು, ನೂರಾರು ಸ್ಥ ಳಗಳನುನ ಹೋಗಿ ನೋಡಿದ ನಂತ್ರ ಅದು ಹೇಗೆ
ಬೇರೆ ಬೇರೆ ರಿೋತ್ತ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಹೊಂದ್ದ್ ಎೊಂದು ನ್ನ್ಗೆ ಅನೇಕ ಹಾಲು ತೋಚಿದ್.
(Yes, after visiting hundreds of places, it's fascinating to see how it has evolved in
different ways.)
Person A: ಕೇಳಿದ ಸುದ್ದ ಯೆಲ್ಿ ಕೇಳಲೇ ತ್ತೋರಿದ್ ಅೊಂತ್ ನ್ನ್ಗೂ ಅನೇಕ ಆಸ್ಕ್ತಿ
ಉೊಂಟಾಗಿದ್. ಇದೇ ಬಸ್ ನ್ಡೆದಾಟ ಸಂಭಾಷಣೆ ನ್ನ್ಗೆ ಚೆನಾನ ಗಿದ್. (I'm really
interested in hearing more about all that. This bus journey conversation has been
quite enjoyable for me.)
Person B: ನ್ನ್ಗೂ ಹಾಗೆಯೇ! ಇನುನ ಸ್ಥ ಳ ಸೇರಿದಾಗ ಮತಿ ಮ್ಮೆ

ಸಂಭಾಷಿಸೋಣ. (Likewise! Let's chat again when we reach our destinations.)

BALAKE KANNADA
conversation between two friends in Kannada:

Friend 1: ಹಲೋ! ಹೇಗಿದ್ದ ೋಯಾ? (Hello! How are you?)
(Friend 1: Hālō! Hegidīyā?)
Friend 2: ಹಲೋ! ನೋನು ಹೇಗಿದ್ದ ೋಯಾ? (Hello! How are you?)

(Friend 2: Hālō! Nīnu hegidīyā?)
Friend 1: ನಾನು ಚೆನಾನ ಗಿದ್ದ ೋನೆ, ನೋನು ಹೇಗಿದ್ದ ೋಯಾ? (I am good, how about you?)
(Friend 1: Nānu cennāgiddēne, nīnu hegidīyā?)
Friend 2: ನಾನು ಕೂಡ ಚೆನಾನ ಗಿದ್ದ ೋನೆ. ಯಾವುದೋ ಹಸ್ ಸುದ್ದ ಇದ್ಯೇನು? (I
am also good. Any new updates?)
(Friend 2: Nānu kūḍa cennāgiddēne. Yāvudo hosa suddi ideyenu?)
Friend 1: ಹೌದು, ಕ್ಕಲ್ಸ್ ಮತುಿ ವಿದಾಯ ಭಾಯ ಸ್ ಇವುಗಳಲಿಿ ಏನೋ ಕ್ಕಲ್ಸ್ ಆಗಿದ್.
ನೋನು? (Yes, some work and studies. How about you?)
(Friend 1: Haudu, kelasa mattu vidyābhyāsa ivugaḷalli eno kelasa āgide. Nīnu?)
Friend 2: ನಾನು ಹಸ್ ಪುಸ್ಿ ಕ ಓದುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋನೆ ಮತುಿ ಕ್ಕಲ್ವು ಹಸ್ ಸ್ಥ ಳಗಳನುನ
ಸಂದಶಿಿಸುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋನೆ. (I have been reading a new book and exploring some new
places.)
(Friend 2: Nānu hosa pustaka ōduttidēne matthu kelavu hosa sthalagaḷannu
sandarśisuttidēne.)
Friend 1: ಚೆನಾನ ಗಿದ್! ಯಾವ ಪುಸ್ಿ ಕ ಓದುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋಯಾ? (That's great! Which book
are you reading?)
(Friend 1: Cennāgide! Yāva pustaka ōduttidīyā?)
Friend 2: ಹೌದು, ಇದು "ಯಥಾರ್ಿ ಜೋವನ್" ಎೊಂಬ ಹಿನೆನ ಲೆ ಪುಸ್ಿ ಕ. ನೋನು ಏನು
ಓದುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋಯಾ? (Yes, it's a book called "Yathartha Jeevana," a background book.
What are you reading?)
(Friend 2: Haudu, idu "Yathārtha Jīvana" emba hinnēle pustaka. Nīnu enu
ōduttidīyā?)
Friend 1: ನಾನು ಕುದುರೆಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಆಧಾರಿತ್ವಾದ ಕಥೆಗಳನುನ ಓದುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋನೆ.

ಚನಾನ ಗಿ ಇದ್! (I am reading stories based on horses. It's quite interesting!)
(Friend 1: Nānu kuduregaḷa mele ādhāritavādavaḍa kathegaḷannu ōduttidēne.
Channāgide!)
Friend 2: ಚೆನಾನ ಗಿದ್ ಮತುಿ ಆಸ್ಕ್ತಿ ಕರ! ಸಂಭಾಷಣೆ ಮಾಡೋಣ ಮೊಂದ್ ಕಾಫ
ಕುಡಿಯೋಣ. (That sounds good and interesting! Let's catch up more over coffee
sometime.)
(Friend 2: Chennāgide matthu āsaktikara! Sambhāṣaṇe māḍōṇa munde kāphi
kuḍiyōṇa.)
Friend 1: ಹೌದು, ನಶಿಿ ತ್ವಾಗಿ. ಬೇಗ ಕಾಫ ಕುಡಿಯೋಣ! (Yes, definitely. Let's have
coffee soon!)
(Friend 1: Haudu, niścitavāgi. Bēga kāphi kuḍiyōṇa!)
BALAKE KANNADA
conversation with a teacher:
Student: Namaskara, sir. (Greetings, sir.)
Teacher: Namaskara. Hegiddeeya? (Greetings. How are you?)
Student: Naanu Chennagiddeeni sir. Neevu Hegiddeera? (I'm fine. How are you
Sir?)
Teacher: Naanu Chennagiddeeni. (I'm doing well.)
Student: sir, nanage ondu sahaya beku. (Sir, I need your help.)
Teacher:Enu sahaya beku? ( what kind of help do you need?)
Student: Nanage maths subject nalli ondu doubt ide. (I have a doubt in the maths
subject.)
Teacher: Enu doubt adu? (What is your doubt?)
Student: sir, Ee equation solve maadi kodi please. (Sir, I couldn't solve an
equation.)
Teacher: Sar. Naavu ibbaroo seri equation solve maadona. (Okay, we'll solve the
problem together.)
[Teacher explains the equation to the student.]
Student: DhanyavaadagaLu, sir. Nimma sahayakke naanu Chira Runi. (Thank

you, sir. I am grateful for your help.)
Teacher: Matthe Bandu Paata Kalithuko. (Please come again.)
Student: Aagali, sir. (Sure, sir.)

BALAKE KANNADA
Telephonic Conversation
Caller: Namaskara. (Hello.)
Receiver: Namaskara. (Hello.)
Caller: Yaaru maathuduvudu? (Who Is this speaking?)
Receiver: Naanu Chandru. (This is chandru.)
Caller: Hegiddeera chandru? (How are you chandru?)
Receiver: Naanu chennagiddeni. Neevu Hegiddera? (I'm fine. How are you?)
Caller: Naanoo kooda chennagiddeeni. (I'm doing well.)
Receiver: Enu vishesha? (What's new?)
Caller: Enoo vishesha illa. Naanu ondu meeting ge hogutthiddene. (Nothing much,
I'm just heading to a meeting.)
Receiver: Howda? Haagiddare aamele Maathuduva. (Okay, we'll talk later.)
Caller: Sure. Yaavaga maadali? (When should I call you back?)
Receiver: Neeve Thilisi? (Please let me know?)
Caller: Ok. Naanu 9:30 ge call maadutthene. (Yes, I'll call you at 9:30.)
Receiver: Sure. Naanu kayutthirutthene. (I'll be waiting.)
Caller: Dhanyavaadagalu. (Thank you.)
Receiver: Dhanyavaadagalu. (Thank you.)

BALAKE KANNADA
Conversation with a shopkeeper in Kannada:
Customer: Namaskara. Hege iddeera saaru? (Greetings. How are you sir?)
Shopkeeper: Namaskara. Enu beku? (Greetings. What do you need?)
Customer: Nange ondu eraser beku. (I need an eraser.)
Shopkeeper: Nanna hattira thumba reethiya eraxer ide. (I have many types of
erasers.)
Customer: yavudannu aarisali?? (Which one should I choose?)
Shopkeeper: Nimage yaava tharada eraser beku? (What kind of eraser do you
need?)
Customer: Nange ondu plain eraser beku. (I need a plain eraser.)
Shopkeeper: howdu, nanna hattira ide. (Yes, I have one here.)
Customer: Eshtaaytu bele? (How much is it?)
Shopkeeper: 10 rupees.
Customer: (Hands the shopkeeper 10 rupees.)
Shopkeeper: (Hands the customer the eraser.)
Customer: DhanyavaadagaLu. (Thank you.)
Shopkeeper: Dayavittu Matthe Banni. (Please come again.)

BALAKE KANNADA
Conversation with Auto Driver
Passenger: Nammadu Malleshwaram barthira? (Can you come to

Malleshwaram?)
Auto Driver: Howdu, baruvenu. (Yes, I'll come.)
Passenger: Eshtu time hottagutte? (How much time will it take?)
Auto Driver: Swalpa traffic iddare, 20-30 nimisha hottagutte. (If there is some
traffic, it will take 20-30 minutes.)
Passenger: Eshtaaytu charge? (How much is the fare?)
Auto Driver: Meter ide, neeve nodi. (There is a meter, you can see.)
Conversation with Cab Driver
Passenger: Jayanagarakke hogi. (Go to Jayanagar.)
Cab Driver: Sure, Sir.
Passenger: Eshtaagutte? (How much will it cost?)
Cab Driver: App nimge fare Thorisutthe. (The app will show you the fare.)
Passenger: Nimma Hesaru enu? (What is your name?)
Cab Driver: NannaHesaru Raju. (My name is Raju.)
Passenger: Neevu eshtu varshadinda driver kelasa maadutthiddeera? (How long

have you been driving a cab?)
Cab Driver: Naanu 5 varshadinda driver aagiddene. (I've been a driver for 5
years.)
Passenger: DhanyavvadagaLu. (Thank you for the ride.)
Cab Driver: Thank you, Sir. Nimage sahaya madiddakke santhosha. (I'm happy to
help you.)

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Kannada Numbers

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I. Translate into Kannada using English letter:
1. Kannada is the language of Karnataka
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Our college is a very big college
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. this is my friend's house
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. There is a shop behind my house
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. My Father's name is Srinivasa
_______________________________________________________________________________

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6. Our college's name is BNMIT
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. It is not my pen
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. That is nether a big college nor a small college
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. Arpitha is my youngest sister
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. Kusha is the eldest son, Lava is the youngest
_______________________________________________________________________________
II. Re arrange the words to make meaningful sentences:
1. olleya avaru bahaLa vyakti
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Snehitha naana avanu
_______________________________________________________________________________

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3. Hosa adu CAR alla nanna
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. mane nanna haLeyadu
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. bahaLa Aa mane dura
_______________________________________________________________________________
III. Write in Kannada words
1. write Kannada numbers and digits [1 to 10]

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2. write about Kannada classified consonants

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History of Karnataka
Karnataka has an enthralling history. This state lying in the southern part of India has been
under the rule of several dynasties that have shaped its history. It has been invaded by a
number of rulers at different points of time in history. Due to the influence of various rulers
and dynasties Karnataka became enriched with their distinctive culture and values.
In the ancient times Karnataka was known as Karunadu which means elevated land or high
plateau. The history of Karnataka can be traced back to the prehistoric days.
Pre-history of Karnataka in brief
The pre-historic culture of Karnataka was very different from that of the northern part of
India. During the pre-historic times the hand-axe culture was prevalent in Karnataka. This
culture was similar to the pre-historic culture of Africa. The use of iron was known to the
inhabitants of Karnataka even before 1200 B.C. This was far earlier than the time when the
inhabitants of North India came to know about the use of iron.
Early history of Karnataka
The early rulers of Karnataka were from the northern parts of the country. During the 4th and
3rd century BCE parts of Karnataka was under the rule of the Maurya and Nanda Empire of North
India. After the fall of the Mauryan Empire the Satavahana dynasty came to power in Karnataka
around 3 BCE. They ruled over extensive parts of Northern Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and
Maharashtra. Prakrit was their administrative language. Both Kannada and Telugu were found and
evolved during their rule. The Satavahana dynasty ruled over Karnataka for almost 300 years.
The weakening of the Satavahana dynasty resulted in the Pallavas of Kanchi becoming the
political power in Karnataka for a brief period of time. The domination of the Pallavas was
brought to an end by indigenous dynasties, the Kadambas of Banavasi and the Gangas of
Kolar. The ascent of the Kadamba dynasty and the Western Ganga Dynasty marked the
starting point of Karnataka becoming an independent political entity.
Medieval History of Karnataka
Karnataka has been witness to the rise and fall of many dynasties and empires.
Kadamba Dynasty (325 AD–540 AD)
The Kadambas are regarded as the earliest royal dynasty of Karnataka. The dynasty was
founded by Mayurasharma. This dynasty ruled over North Karnataka and the Konkan from
Banavasi. The Kadambas were the first rulers to use Kannada language at the
administrative level. They also minted gold coins and contributed to the architectural
heritage of Karnataka.
The Kadambas ruled Karnataka for more than 200 years before Chalukyas overtook their
empire. But some minor branches of the Kadamba dynasty continued to rule Hanagal, Goa
and some other regions till 14th century.

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Western Ganga Dynasty (325 AD–999 AD)
The Ganga Dynasty initially ruled from Kolar and later moved their capital to Talakad. This
dynasty is referred to as Western Ganga to distinguish them from The Eastern Ganga
dynasty that in later centuries dominated over Kalinga (present day Odisha). Their reign
extended over Southern Karnataka, parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. They laid a
strong foundation for the development of Kannada literature.
The Gangas constructed several monuments. The Gomateshwara statue

in Shravanabelagola, constructed around 983 AD, is the tallest monolith statue in the world
and is considered to be the most famous Ganga architecture.
The Ganga dynasty ruled for about 700 years and were a sovereign power till the advent of
the Badami Chalukyas. They continued to rule under the Badami Chalukyas and the
Rastrakutas till the end of the 10th century.
Badami Chalukya Dynasty (500 AD-757 AD)
The Chalukya dynasty was founded by Pulakeshin. The earliest dynasty was known as
Badami Chalukyas and they ruled from Vatapi (present day Badami). The Chalukyas of
Badami were instrumental in bringing the whole of Karnataka under a single rule. They
contributed heavily in the fields of art and architecture.
The Badami Chalukyas were responsible for changing the political atmosphere in South
India, shifting from small kingdoms to large empires. The Chalukyas ruled over most of
Karnataka and Maharashtra and parts of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and
Gujarat. The rise of the Rashtrakutas eclipsed the reign of the Badami Chalukyas.
Rastrakuta Dynasty (757 AD–973 AD)
The Rastrakuta dynasty was founded by Dantivarman or Dantidurga II. The Elichpur clan
owed feudal allegiance to the Badami Chalukyas. During the dominion of Dantidurga, the
clan toppled Chalukya Kirtivarman II and built an empire keeping the Gulbarga region in
present day Karnataka as their base. This clan was later known as the Rastrakutas of
Manyakheta.
According to an Arabic text, Silsilat al-Tawarikh (851), the Rastrakutas were regarded as
one of the four principal empires of the world. This dynasty ruled over all of Karnataka and
Maharashtra and large parts of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. During
their rule architecture flourished. The world famous Kailash Temple at Ellora was built by
the Rastrakutas. The era of the Badami Chalukyas and Rastrakutas is considered as the “Age
of Imperial Karnataka”.
Kalyana Chalukya Dynasty (973 AD–1198 AD)
The Chalukyas of Kalyana came to power after they overthrew the Rastrakutas in 973 AD.
Their ruler, Someshwara I built his capital at Kalyana (present day Basava Kaluyana in
Bidar district). The Kalyana Chalukya dynasty is also known as the Western Chalukya
dynasty to differentiate them from the Eastern Chalukya dynasty of Vengi. This dynasty
ruled over entire Karnataka and Maharashtra and parts of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

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During their rule literature flourished in Karnataka as the Chalukyas were patrons of art
and architecture. The Mahadeva temple at Itagi (in present day Raichur district) is
considered to be the finest Chalukyan monument.
The rulers of the Kalachuri dynasty overtook their empire and reigned for about 20 years
but could not uphold the integrity of the empire. This led to the empire becoming weak and
finally it broke up and was shared by Sevunas in the north and Hoysalas in the south.
Sevuna Dynasty (1198 AD–1312 AD)
The Sevuna dynasty established their rule when the Kalyana Chalukya dynasty’s power
waned. The Sevunas were once the feudatories of the Rashtrakutas and then of the Western
Chalukyas before they declared independence. The founder of the Sevuna dynasty was
Dridhaprahara. This dynasty is also known as Seuna or Yadavas of Devagiri as they had
their capital at Devagiri (present day Daulatabad in Maharashtra). They ruled over northern
Karnataka, parts of Andhra Pradesh and most of Maharashtra.
The dynasty was immortalised in history by the writings of the celebrated mathematician
Baskarasharya, the famous scholar Hemadri and the great writer on music, Sharngadeva.
The rulers of this dynasty were constantly in fight with the rulers of the Hoysala dynasty.
The dynasty finally fell to the sultan of Delhi, Allah-ud-din Khilji and his general
Mallikaffar.
Hoysala Dynasty (1000 AD–1346 AD)
The Hoysala Empire was found by a legendary individual called Sala. He became famous
for killing a tiger in order to rescue his master and thus the empire was named as Hoysala
(meaning to shoot it or to hit it). The Hoysalas initially had their capital at Belur but later
shifted it to Halebidu. This dynasty ruled over southern Karnataka, parts of Andhra Pradesh
and Tamil Nadu.
The Hoysala era saw significant development of art, architecture and religion in South
India. They became famous for their temple architecture. The world-famous Chennakesava
Temple at Belur, the Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu, and the Kesava Temple at
Somanathapura are examples of their sculptural exuberance. Even today there are more
than a hundred temples scattered across Karnataka that were built by the Hoysalas. They
also encouraged literature to flourish in Kannada and Sanskrit. The era saw the emergence
of great Kannada poets like Rudrabhatta, Raghavanka, Harihara and Janna.
Vijayanagara Empire (1336 AD- 1565 AD)
The Vijayanagara Empire was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya
I of Sangama Dynasty. Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. The empire rose
to prominence due to the combined efforts of the southern powers to fend off Islamic
invasions by the end of the 13th century. The Vijayanagara Empire dominated over most
parts of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, entire Kerala and Tamil Nadu. This empire was
famous for its power and wealth.
The rulers of this empire enabled fine arts and literature to reach new heights in Kannada,
Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu. Carnatic music evolved during this era. The empire’s legacy
included several astounding monuments spread across South India. Some of the best
known remnants of Vijayanagara Empire’s architectural prowess can be seen at the Group
of Monuments at Hampi, which is recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Stone

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Chariot in Hampi is a brilliant example of the Vijayanagara style of architecture. The

Vijayanagara Empire’s power declined after it was defeated in the battle of Talikota in 1565
AD by the Deccan Sultanates.
Bahmani Empire (1347 AD- 1527 AD)
The Bahmani Empire (also known as Bahmanid Empire or Bahmani Sultanate) was the first
independent Islamic Kingdom in South India. The Bahmani Empire was established by
Turkic or Brahmin convert Ala-ud-Din Hassan Bahman Shah. It was considered to be one
of the great medieval kingdoms of India. The empire’s rule extended over northern
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The empire collapsed after the last remnant of the
Bahmani Sultanate was defeated by Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire.
After 1518 the Bahmani Sultanate got divided into five states, namely: Nizamshahi of
Ahmednagar, Qutubshahi of Golconda (Hydrabad), Baridshahi of Bidar, Imadshahi of
Berar, Adilshahi of Bijapur. Together they are known as the Deccan Sultanates.
Bijapur Sultanate (1490 AD- 1686 AD)
The Adilshahi was a Shia Muslim dynasty that was founded by Yusuf Adil Shah and the
dynasty ruled over the Sultanate of Bijapur. Their rule extended over Bijapur and the
adjoining areas. Bijapur was a great centre of learning in that era. During the rule of Bijapur
Sultanate Islamic architecture flourished in the region. The Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur is the
most famous monument built during their reign. The Bijapur Sultanate was conquered by
Emperor Aurangzeb and it was absorbed into the Mughal Empire in 1686 AD.
Modern history of Karnataka
The modern history of Karnataka saw the emergence of the Wodeyars of Mysore and Hyder
Ali as significant political powers. Karnataka later came under the British rule before the
country gained independence.
Nayakas of Keladi (1500 AD- 1763 AD)
Nayakas of Keladi (also known as Nayakas of Bednore and Kings of Ikkeri) initially ruled as
a vassal of the Vijayanagar Empire. They declared independence after the decline of the
empire in 1565. They ruled over Coastal and Central Karnataka and parts of northern
Kerala, Malabar and the central plains along the Tungabhadra River. They were an
important dynasty in the history of Karnataka. In 1763 they were defeated by Hyder Ali and
were absorbed into the Kingdom of Mysore.
Wodeyars of Mysore (1399 AD- 1761 AD)
The Kingdom of Mysore was initially a vassal state of the Vijayanagara Empire. With the
decline of the Vijayanagara Empire the kingdom gained independence. They shifted their
capital from Mysore to Srirangapattana. By 1686 the kingdom’s reign included almost all of
south India. In 1687 AD the Wodeyars bought the city of Bangalore from Mughal by paying
three lakh rupees. The Wodeyar Kingdom was overtaken by Hyder Ali by 1761 AD.
Sultanate of Srirangapattana (1761 AD- 1799 AD)
Hyder Ali ruled over the Kingdom of Mysore from Srirangapattana. His son Tipu Sultan
came to power after him. The Sultanate of Srirangapattana extended over most of

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Karnataka, parts Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerela. The Kingdom of Mysore reached
their height of military power and dominion under the de facto ruler Haider Ali and his
son Tipu Sultan during the latter part of the 18th century.
Tipu Sultan repelled the attack from the British many times. Finally he was defeated due to
the united efforts of British, Maratha and Hyderabad Nijamas and was killed on the battle
field in 1799 AD. Due to his bravery on the battle field Tipu Sultan is known as the Tiger of
Mysore.
Mysore Wodeyars (1800 AD- 1831 AD)
After the death of Tipu Sultan major portions of the Mysore Kingdom were annexed by the
British and Mysore was transformed into a Princely state. The Wodeyars were reinstated as
the rulers of the princely state and they ruled till 1831 AD, after which the British once again
took over the empire.
British takeover (1831 AD- 1881 AD)
After the British snatched control the Mysore Empire in 1831 AD, they appointed
commissioners to rule on their behalf. They introduced many changes in the functioning of
the empire. They divided the state between Bombay and Madras provinces, Hyderabad
Nijamas and Mysore.
Mysore Wodeyars (1881 AD- 1950 AD)
In 1881 Mysore was once again handed back to the Wodeyars under the rule of
Jayachamaraja Wodeyar. By that time the cry for independence from British rule had
gained much momentum across the country. The rule of the Wodeyars continued till India’s
independence in 1947. After independence Mysore merged with the Indian union. Thus,
Mysore became an independent state in 1950.
Under the Wodeyars, Mysore became one of the modern and urbanized regions of India.
The rulers of the Wodeyar dynasty encouraged fine arts, architecture, music and art.
Unification of Karnataka – 1956 AD
After India’s independence, the states were reorganised based on linguistic and other
criteria. The Kannada speaking population came together to form the present day
Karnataka under the name of Mysore. It was ruled by the former Maharaja of Mysore as its
governor till 1975. Mysore state was renamed Karnataka in 1973.
I. keLgina prashnegalige uttarisi (using English letter)
1. karnaTaka rajyadalli esTu jillegaLive?
_______________________________________________________________________________

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2. karnaTaka rajyada raajadhaani yaavudu?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. mayyuura varma yaaru?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. vijayanagara saamraajyada raajadhaani yaavudu?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. kannaDa bhaashege illiyavarege eshtu jnyaanapeeTHa prashastigLu bandive?
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. karnaaTaka raajyakke modalu idda hesaru eenu?
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. kannaDada modala raashTra kavi yaaru?
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. kannaDada Aadi kavi endu yaarannu kareyalaagutittu?
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. kannaDa raajyootsavavannu yaava dinAankadandu AacharisalAaguttde?
_______________________________________________________________________________

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10. karnaaTakavannu AaLida modala raaja vamsha yaavudu?
_______________________________________________________________________________
II. Match the followings: (Ee padagala viruddAarthaka padagaLannu hondisiri)
1. susamskRuta keLakke
2. AaDubhashe asamskRuta
3. meelakke granthi bhashe
4. apAara bruhat
5. saNNa kaDime
III. Write answer in Kannada sentences using English letter:
Write a note on Kannada history

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The bird view of Kannada Literature

Kannada Literature is a corpus of the written form of Kannada, a Dravidian language
primarily spoken in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the Kannada script.
Attestations in literature span his 1500 years. Some specific literary works survive in a rich
manuscript tradition from the 9th century to the present day. Kannada is usually divided
into three linguistic stages: Ancient (450-1200 AD), Middle (1200-1700 AD), and Modern
(1700-present). Its literary characteristics are classified into Jainism, Lingayatism, and
Vaishnavas. It is recognized that these three faiths were preeminent in shaping and
promoting the classical expressions of the language until the advent of modern times. Much
of the literature before the 18th century was religious, but some secular works also focused
on writing. Beginning with Kaviraja Marga (c. 850), Kannada literature was almost
exclusively written until the middle of the 12th century. The Jains found ardent patrons in
Kings Chalukya, Ganga, Rashtrakta, Hoysala and Yadava. The Kavillajamarga, written
during the reign of King Amogavarsha, is the oldest surviving literary work in the language,
but it is argued that the traditions of prose, poetry and grammar must have pre-existed. It
is the general perception of modern scholars. It was created by the Lingayatism movement
in the 12th century. A new literature that flourished alongside Jain works. As the influence
of Jainism waned during the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century, the new Vaishnava
literature grew rapidly in the 15th century. The devotional movement of the itinerant
Haridasa saints marked the high point of this era. After the decline of the Vijayanagara
empire in the 16th century, Kannada literature was supported by various rulers, including
the Wodeya family of Mysore and the Nayaka family of Keladi. . In the 19th century, several
literary forms such as prose narrative, novel, and short story were borrowed from English
literature. Modern Kannada literature is now widely known and recognized. During the past
half century, Kannada writers have been awarded 8 Junampis Awards, 63 Sahitya Akademi
Awards and 9 Sahitya Akademi Fellowships in India.
Karnataka's tourist paradise
1. Bangalore
Bangalore, a colourful city of culture and people, is one of the best tourist places in
Karnataka. The city is a complete joy to stay and explore.
 Bangalore has pleasant and comfortable weather round the year. Best time to
visit the city is during summers.
 Don’t miss the Butterfly Park of Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bangalore
Palace and Tipu Sultan’s Palace.
 The local food is absolutly to die for!
2. Coorg
Endowed with coffee estates full of aroma, luxuriant greenery dotting the mountains, and
stunning waterfalls plunging down the misty mountains, Coorg is aptly called ‘Scotland of
India’ and makes it one of the best places to visit in Karnataka.

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 Bathe and feed the elephants at Dubare Elephant Camp.

 Don’t miss the Bylakuppe Monastery, the second biggest Tibetan settlement in
India.
 Catch an exciting wildlife safari at Nagarhole National Park.
3. Hampi – One of the recommended places to visit in Karnataka
The historic UNESCO World Heritage Site showcases the glory and splendour of
architecture of the Vijayanagara Kingdom. Hampi has almost 500 architectural structures
in its ruins.
 Don’t miss the Monkey Temple, Archeological Museum and Vijaya Vittala
Temple.
 Virupaksha Temple is an architectural marvel.
 The Riverside Ruins are breathtakingly beautiful.
4. Badami, Aihole and Pattadakal
Dusty roads, barren topography, red stone architecture, and rocky cliffs iconize the
UNESCO World Heritage Site of Badami, Aihole and Pattadakal.
 Badami is famous for Badami Fort, Buddha rock-cut Caves, and Bhootnath
Temple.
 Durga Temple, Lad Khan Temple and Archeological Temple in Aihole are a
must visit.
 Virupaksha, Papanatha Temple and Galaganatha Shrine are major attractions
in Pattadakal.
5. Kabini
Kabini is one of the most picturesque and tranquil tourist spots in Karnataka, located along
the bank of a river with the same name. It is one of the highlights of Karnataka tourism.
 Enjoy boating at Kabini River.
 Explore Kutta, which is covered with coffee and spice plantations.
 A visit to the surreal Kabini dam is should be on your list of places to visit in
Karnataka.

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6. Jog Falls
The stunning Jog Falls are the second highest waterfalls in the country. This is one of the
favourites amongst the Karnataka tourist places.
 Don’t miss the Linganamakki Dam and Tunga Anicut Dam nearby.
 Exploring the Thavare Koppa Lion & Tiger Reserve is a must do.
7. Mangalore
Once in Mangalore, strolling and sunbathing at the beaches, trying out scrumptious
seafood, gazing at sunsets and visiting the shipyard just cannot be missed. It is popular
amongst Karnataka’s points of interest.
 Don’t miss the beautiful Tannirbhavi and Panambur beaches.
 Marvel at the various temples and chapels for their stunning architecture.
 Try out the delectable seafood.
8. Karwar
Sun-kissed beaches, charming temples, and majestic forts with practically no crowds, that’s
Karwar for you.
 Explore the uncluttered Majali beach.

 Take a boat ride up to Kurumgad Island, and explore the remnants of
Sadashivgad Fort.
 Known for excellent seafood, try some amazing dishes while lounging at the
beach.
9. Gokarna
Travelers seeking complete solace visit this beautiful low-key, laid-back, and less-
commercialized beach town, which has won over backpackers with its quiet charm.
 Don’t miss the Mahabaleshwar Temple and other temples for their great
architecture.
 Catch the sunset at the beautiful Om Beach.
 Try water sports like boat rides, snorkelling, and parasailing here.

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10. Dandeli
Dandeli is an incredible getaway amidst nature and adventure. This scenic hilly terrain
surrounded by deciduous forests and wildlife habitat is a great adventure destination. This
is definitely one of the best places to visit in Karnataka.
 Dandeli is known for adventure sports, night camps, nature walks, boating, and
angling in Kali River.
 Don’t miss white water rafting on Kali river.
 A trip to the Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary is a must do.
I. Make your own sentences on the following words:
1. karnaaTaka
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. sangeeta
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. jog falls
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. vijayanagara
_______________________________________________________________________________

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5. bhaashe
_______________________________________________________________________________
II. Translate to Kannada language using English letters:
1. Tree:
2. Flower:
3. Education:
4. New:
5. Literature:
6. History:
7. Important:
8. Ancient:

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9. Modern:
10. Inspire:
III. Fill in the blanks using Kannada equivalents of the English words given in the bracket:
1. nanage _______________________tamma iddane (one)
2. ivarige ________________________tangiyaru iddare (two)
3. avara mane ________________________ide (bangaLuru)
4. Aa gaDiyara ______________________ (very small)
5. nanna __________________________Raju (eldest brother)
6. nanna thanDe _________________________ (good person)
7. nanna uuru ________________________(very big city)
8. janaka raja na ______________________site (daughter)
9. Ravi ya ________________________kamala (mother)
10. adu nanna ____________________car (new)

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History of Kannada Literature
Kannada, the language used in Karnataka, is recognised by the Indian Constitution as one
of the principal languages of the country. Kannada is the mother-tongue for the majority of
the people in Karnataka. Even the neighbouring states such as Andhra Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa and Daman and Diu have a substantial number of
people using Kannada as their mother-tongue. The language has acquired various forms,
styles and dialects corresponding to the regional variations and other factors that have
influenced the land.
Kannada belongs to the group of south Indian languages popularly known as the Dravidian
family of languages, with several regional dialectical variations. Presently, at least three
well-defined regional dialects, popularly known as Mysore-Kannada, Dharwad-Kannada
and MangaloreKannada are spoken in the three respective cultural centers of Karnataka i.e.
Mysore, Dharwad and Mangalore. Within these main divisions, there are several other
dialectical subdivisions such as Havyaka, Badaga, Nadava, Koosa, etc. which are local
dialects mixed with other language forms.
The written characters of the language are derived from the Brahmi script which is the
parent-script for all modern Indian languages, first popularised all over India through the
edicts of Asoka. The earliest form of Kannada script is found in the Halmidi inscription
dated 450 A.D. Many of the Badami Chalukyan records in Sanskrit are written in this script.
The Kannada script has been changing continuously and the present Kannada script is the
result of such evolutionary changes for over 2,000 years. The present script was
standardised after the introduction of printing, in which letter forms are mechanically
reproduced with unchanging uniformity.
Since Kannada, Tamil and Telugu belong to the Dravidian family, all three languages are
similar in structure. Though these have also passed through various stages of development,
from being a dialect of the Dravidian stock to the status of a cultured language with a script
of its own, the technical, scientific and philosophical vocabulary was nourished by the
Sanskrit language. The earliest form of the language is known as Halegannada (Old
Kannada) and Nadugannada (Middle Kannada) of later stages paved the way for
Hosagannada (Modern Kannada). Halegannada nurtured classical literature and most of
the popular literature belongs to either Nadugannada or Hosagannada.
Kannada as the Administrative Language
Many royal orders issued in Kannada from the 6th century A.D. onwards reveal that
although Prakrit and Sanskrit were used in earlier and later periods respectively, Kannada
was also used for administrative purposes by successive rulers of Karnataka. The Halmidi
record of the Kadambas and the Badami cave record of the Chalukyas are the earliest
Kannada records announcing royal grants. The use of Kannada for administrative purposes
increased during the rule of Kalyana Chalukyas and later during the period of the Hoysalas
and Seunas. A majority of the inscriptions belonging to these dynasties are in Kannada,
containing a number of administrative words in Kannada, as well as Sanskrit terms. In some
of the Sanskrit orders, the operative portion is written in Kannada to facilitate easy

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understanding by the general public. A large number of records belonging to Vijayanagara

rulers are in Kannada. Successors of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Keladi Nayakas and
Mysore Wodeyars also used Kannada as the only administrative language of the state.
Inscriptions and royal orders of Bijapur rulers, Shahji, Ekoji and Shivaji are found in
Kannada. Kannada was extensively used by the British, Kodagu rulers and Mysore
Wodeyars, both for administrative and general purposes. In present times, Karnataka
government has made Kannada the official language of the state and has introduced several
schemes and measures to promote the use of the language as well as implement its use at
all levels of the state machinery. Thus, Kannada language now enjoys support both from the
government as well as the general public.
Antiquity of Kannada Literature
The beginnings of Kannada literature are shrouded in obscurity due to lack of literary
evidence prior to 8 - 9th century A.D. since very few epigraphical evidences are available.
The majority of inscriptions belonging to the early stages of history are in Prakrit language
written in Brahmi script and characters. Most of them are short memorial records paying
tribute to heroes.
Halmidi Inscription
The Halmidi inscription (in Belur taluk, Hassan District) is the earliest Kannada
inscription, dated 450 A.D. This inscription, in prose form, reveals mature expressions
which has led many scholars to believe that by this period, Kannada had developed as a
literary language. It sheds light on the early stages of the language and literature and on the
already established influence of Sanskrit on Kannada. In fact, the mangalasloka (invocatory
verse) of the inscription is in Sanskrit.
The Anaji (Davangere District) inscription which belongs to about 5th century A.D. contains
a metrical passage in Kannada which could probably be the first line of Kannada verse.
From the 6th century A.D. onwards, Kannada inscriptions became increasingly popular.
The kappe arabahatta inscription of Badami dated 7th century A.D. is in tripadi style, i.e.,
three-lined verse in Kannada. Belonging to the same period is an inscription in
Sravanabelagola praising a Jaina guru named Nayasena, written in a vritta metre. All these
show that Kannada began to grow as a cultured language for literary use from about the 5 -
6th century A.D.
Early Literary Works
Kavirajamarga, written or compiled by Srivijaya, the court poet of the Rashtrakuta king
Nripatunga (808 - 880 A.D.) is the first available work in Kannada literature. This is a work
on poetics, a free rendering of Sanskrit Kavyadarsha of Dandin which is dated to about 850
A.D. Many scholars nowadays have agreed that it was written by Srivijaya for his patron,
Nripatunga. The very fact that this early literary work is on poetry points to the prevalence
of a rich literary tradition before his period. In fact, Kavirajamarga itself mentions names
of many authors who had written prose and poetry in Kannada such as Durvinita, the Ganga
king, Nagarajuna and others.

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Vaddaradhane, a Jaina work written in narrative prose is also a work of this period,
according to some scholars. Tambaluracharya’s voluminous work on philosophy called
Chudamani is believed to have been written in Kannada.
From the 10th century A.D. onwards, Kannada literature witnessed continuous
development with various literary forms enriching both the language and literature. Some
scholars have identified three stages of growth in Kannada literature as Jaina, Virasaiva and
Vaishnava yugas (periods) corresponding to the religions that dominated the history of
Karnataka in successive periods.
Another school recognises five stages of development as Heroic and Epic Age, The Age of
Religious Propaganda, The Age of Revolt, The Age of Glory and The Age of Revival.
The Heroic and Epic Age
The period between 6th - 11th century A.D. is considered as an age of struggle and strife,
with ruling dynasties such as Chalukyas, Pallavas, Rashtrakutas, Gangas and Cholas trying
to establish their supremacy over one another. This resulted in heroism being recognised
as a great virtue and this is reflected in the literature of this period.
The Epic Age which followed the Heroic Age during 900 - 1200 A.D. reveals the efforts made
to Sanskritise Kannada language by empowering it with the rich vocabulary, rhythm, syntax
and prosody of Sanskrit language. This gave a secure literary base to the language, which
continued till the 12th century A.D. These efforts led to the emergence of the Champu style
of writing, which is a mixture of prose and poetry. Epics written in Champu style became
very popular during this period which flourished for a very long time. The themes for these
epics were drawn from great Indian epics such as Ramayana, Mahabharata, Jaina
biographies and legends of the period. Several writers such as Pampa, Ranna, Nagachandra,
Gunavarma and others enriched Kannada literature during this period by using metrical
style in their works.
Pampa (941 A.D.) is regarded as one of the foremost and greatest Kannada poets who wrote
both secular and religious epics. His work Vikramarjunavijaya is a narration of
Mahabharata in a distinctive style, in which he glorifies Arjuna as the hero of the epic. He
also made use of a veiled allegory in the personality of Arjuna to glorify his patron king,
Arikesari of Vemulavada. By glorifying both Arjuna and Arikesari, he attempted to combine
the epic story with contemporary history in a novel way. He has expressed these intentions
in the work also. Pampa also wrote Adipurana, a religious epic on the life of the first
Tirthankara (Jaina saint) of the Jaina tradition. The work focuses on shanta-rasa (peace) in
keeping with the religious and philosophical doctrines of the Jaina faith. Hence, it is aptly
said that Pampa represented a rare combination of the Brahmanical as well as Jaina
cultures of Karnataka. His greatness as a poet can be established by the fact that although
many other writers followed his style of rendering, none of them could excel his inimitable
style.
Ponna (950 A.D.), another great poet of the period, wrote Bhuvanaikaramabhyudaya and
Shantipurana. Ranna (993 A.D.) wrote Gadayuddha, a classic which depicts the duel
between Bhima and Duryodhana in an effective style. He also wrote Ajitapurana on the life

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of the Jaina saint Ajitanatha. Nagachandra (1000 A.D.) wrote Ramachandracharita, a Jaina
version of the Ramayana, and Mallhinathapurana, a religious epic.
Shivakoti’s Vaddaradhane and Chavundaraya’s Chavundarayapurana are considered as

standard works in Kannada prose belonging to this period. Several other works such as
Nagavarma’s (990 A.D.) Kadambari and Chandombudhi, Durgasimha’s Panchatantra,
Gunavarma’s (900 A.D.) Shudraka, in which he draws a comparison between a Ganga king
and Shudraka, the author of Mrichchakatika, are some of the highly acclaimed works of the
period.
Srivijaya, a general under the Rashtrakuta king Indra III, was a great poet himself. Though
his works are unavailable, the Manne copper plate record composed by him is of great merit
and serve as a short epic by itself, thus justifying the praises bestowed on him by his
contemporaries.
Several Jaina puranas such as Adipurana, Shantipurana, Ajitapurana and others were
written in Champu style. Chamundaraya’s Trishashtilakshanapurana seems to be the first
Kannada work written in pure prose form. This period marks the composition of both heroic
and classical works written by Jaina and Brahmin authors like Nagabhatta, Nagavarma
Acharya, Karparasa, Divakara, Narayanabhatta, Kamaladitya and others.
In addition to epics and puranas, other works were also produced during this period.
Besides the already mentioned Nripatunga’s Kavirajamarga, a work on poetics, Nagavarma
(900 A.D.) wrote Chandombudi, a treatise on prosody. Scientific works like Madanatilaka,
on erotics by Chandraraja (1079 A.D.), and Supashastra, on culinary art, belong to this age.
The Age of Religious Propaganda
The period between 12th - 16th A.D. was marked by an intense religious unrest in
Karnataka. It was an age when religious leaders like Ramanuja, Madhva, Basava,
Vidyaranya and others tried to revive orthodox Hinduism with their new philosophies and
faiths. These religious leaders tried to propagate their ideas with a missionary zeal. They
also brought many reformative changes in society, much to the displeasure of orthodox and
conservative Hindus. Thus, these developments led to a great deal of unrest, bitterness and
competition among warring faiths in the land and as a result of these disturbed socio-
religious conditions in the society, vast literature which was propagandist in nature was
produced during this period.
Jaina writers wrote many puranas narrating accounts about the Thirthankaras to revive
interest among the general public towards Jaina religion which was on the decline. Puranas
such as Nagachandra Charita, Pushpadantapurana, Chandraprabhapurana,
Ananthanathapurana are some of the works written by Jaina authors. Brahmin scholars
wrote works like Jagannathavijaya, Haricharita, Krishnalila, Ramayana and others.
Virashaiva writers like Harihara, Siddarama, Kondaguli Keshiraja, Maggeya Mayideva,
Gubbi Mallanna and others also contributed extensively. Vachanakaras of this period
enriched Kannada literature to a great extent through their unique style and form. However,
in general, the writings of this period were tainted with malice, intolerance, bitterness,
sarcasm and criticism reflecting the socio-religious conditions prevailing in the society.

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The voluminous religious literature that was produced during this period lost the grandeur
and refinement of the earlier period but nevertheless became popular because of its lucid
and simple style of rendering. New forms of literature such as Shatpadi, Sangatya and
Vachana came into vogue. Vachana literature made noteworthy impact because of its
crispness, rhythmic cadence, chaste and severe diction. Dignity and beauty were introduced
into prose as a form of literary expression.
The Age of Revolt
During the middle of the 12th century A.D., Jaina and Virashaiva writers paved the way for
a new literary movement in Karnataka. The revolt in the socio-religious spheres gathered
momentum because of Virashaivism. Virashaiva mystics and saints under the leadership of
Basavesvara preferred vachanas, the simple and popular medium, for expressing their ideas
and views. Spiritual leaders belonging to Virashaiva faith such as Basava, Allamaprabhu,
Akka Mahadevi and many others, contributed immensely to Kannada literature through
their vachanas. While Basava expressed himself as bhakta (devotee) and Allamaprabhu as
a jnani (scholar), Akka Mahadevi sought eternal love in her Lord Channamallikarjuna. The
members of this movement, popularly known as Saranas, many of them coming from
humble professional backgrounds without any education or training, produced meaningful
and powerful literary compositions based purely on their rich experience in life and
wholehearted spiritual leanings. Thus, the vast vachana literature that emerged during this
period, which was more of a mystical nature and prose-lyric in form, became a significant
branch of Kannada literature and contributed enormously to the growth of the language.
Jaina writers like Nayasena and others wrote popular stories in simple Kannada as against
the grand language of earlier times.
By the end of 12th century A.D., works employing new metrical forms, Ragale and Shatpadi,
by writers like Harihara and Raghavanka were written. They gave new impetus to the
language in terms of metre and style. Harihara wrote many biographies of Saivite devotees
among which, that of Basaveshwara stands out as an excellent work in Kannada literature.
Raghavanka’s Harischandrakavya brings out the artistic and dramatic skill of the writer in
narrating the central theme of the valuable work.
Between the 12th - 14th century A.D., a distinctive style of classical poetry known as
Champu was developed. Eminent poets like Nemichandra (1170 A.D.), Rudrabhatta (1180
A.D.), Janna (1209 A.D) and Andayya (1235 A.D) used this style in their works. Rudrabhatta
was the first brahmin poet to use this style in treating religious themes from Vishnupurana.
Janna, the author of Yashodharacharite and comparable to Pampa and Ranna in merit,
wrote on love and lust with great insight and understanding. Andayya wrote Kabbigarakava
in pure Kannada without using any Sanskrit words, except for a few derivatives. In this
work, Kama, the God of love, wages war against Siva, believing that Siva had stolen the
moon which belonged to him. Out of rage, Kama turns Siva into a hermaphrodite. Though
the theme derived its inspiration from Hindu mythology, because of its originality,
imagination and narration, it is acclaimed as an excellent work of the period. Kesiraja (1260
A.D.) of the same period wrote Shabdamanidarpana, which is a standard work on Kannada
grammar.

BALAKE KANNADA
The Age of Glory
The period between 14th - 16th century A.D. is remembered as the Golden Age of the
Vijayanagara empire. During that time, poets of all faiths enriched Kannada literature with
their works. Kumaravyasa (1430 A.D.), a popular poet of the period, wrote Karnataka-
Bharata-Kathamanjari, popularly known as Gadugina Bharata, which covers the first ten
parvas of Mahabharata in the distinctive Kannada metre called Shatpadi. Because of his
varied narrative skills and resilient style, Kumaravyasa was considered as one of the
greatest poets of Kannada literature. While Pampa unfolds the human aspect of conflicting
emotions in his Bharata, Kumaravyasa emphasises the play of divine power in human
affairs through his characterisation of Krishna and others. Kumaravalmiki (1500 A.D.),
another great poet, also belonged to this period. Lakshmisha (1600 A.D.) wrote Jaimini
Bharata which is considered one of the most popular narrative poems of Kannada literature.
Purandaradasa and Kanakadasa, under the inspiration of the Madhva saint Vyasaraja,
composed many devotional songs using simple spoken Kannada as their medium of
expression. They inspired Dasakuta, a segment of the Bhakti movement in Karnataka.
Because of its devotional appeal, Dasasahithya reached every household in Karnataka. Even
today, it holds its sway on the cultural ethos of the people of Karnataka.
Systematic reorganisation of the Virashaiva vachana literature continued during this

period. Among the Virashaiva writers of this period, Lakkanna Dandesha, Nijaguna
Shivayogi, Virupaksha Pandita, Chamarasa and others made valuable contributions.
Prabhulingalile of Chamarasa is an acclaimed work of this period and Nijaguna Shivayogi’s
Viveka-chudamani is regarded as an encyclopaedic work.
Eminent writers belonging to the Jaina faith such as Mangarasa, Salva, Ratnakaravarni and
others enriched Kannada literature through their meritorious works. Bharatesha-vaibhava
by Ratnakaravarni is an example of excellent work in Sangatya metre and is praised as one
of the greatest poems of the period. Ratnakaravarni elevated the folk Sangatya style to the
status of literary poetry. This period marks the waning or declining influence of the Champu
style and the rise of Shatpadi and Sangatya styles as popular forms of Kannada literature.
The Age of Revival
Between 17th - 19th century A.D., old forms of writing prose and poetry and Champu style
were revived. Tirumalarya and Chikkupadhyaya, noted writers of the period under the
patronage of the Mysore ruler Chikkadevaraja, wrote Srivaishnava legends and biographies
in Kannada enriching Kannada literature with Srivaishnava themes and topics. Tirumalarya
even wrote contemporary history and paid glowing tributes to his patron king in his work
Chikkadevaraja-vijaya.
Sarvajna’s contribution to Kannada literature is popularly known as Sarvajnana-padagalu.

This is composed in Tripadi i.e., threelined stanzas. His compositions are an inimitable
storehouse of great wisdom and wit which are still spoken by many Kannadigas, to this day.
Shadakshari is another excellent writer of the period. His works, Rajashekhara-vilasa (1657
A.D.), Vrishabhendra-vijaya (1671 A.D.) and Shabara-shankara-vilasa are brilliant
compositions displaying the author’s mastery over classical Kannada language.

BALAKE KANNADA
Yakshagana, a form of folk play, became popular during the 18th century A.D. Muddana,
praised as the ‘morning star’ of Kannada literature wrote his famous prose work
Ramashvamedha in the 19th century in which he treated the emotion of love as both human
and divine. This work was written on one of the chapters in the life of Sri Rama in the
Ramayana, the great Indian epic.
Apart from secular and religious works, books on science, astrology, medicine,
mathematics, ethics and philosophy were also written by Kannada writers during the long
stretch of historical development. Over 1,000 authors of Kannada works can be counted
from the recorded history which gives an idea of the immense wealth of Kannada literature.
Old and Middle Kannada Literature
A brief survey of the rich tradition of Kannada literature reveals that the use of various
forms and styles used by successive writers from time to time, helped in strengthening the
language and literature of Kannada. Literary forms such as Champu, Vachana, Ragale,
Sangathya and Shatpadi added variety to the structure of the language and beauty to its
literature. The central themes were drawn either from mythology, history and religious lore
or the epics which were popular at various periods in the history of Karnataka. The merit of
the Kannada writers lies in the reconstruction of old themes according to their own artistic
ideas and imagination. Pampa-bharata and Gadayuddha stand out as excellent examples of
plot building and characterisation which are essential for a good work of literature. The
ability of writers like Pampa, Ranna, Nagachandra, Harihara, Kumaravyasa,
Ratnakaravarni and others for creating vivid and intense characters is amazing and
praiseworthy. These classical writers delineated epic characters like Duryodhana, Karna,
Ravana and others in their own distinctive styles and imagination.
The influence of Sanskrit on classical Kannada literature was more prominent than on
popular poetry and prose. The classical writers also made generous use of Sanskrit words
and idioms to enhance the value of their works.
Modern Kannada
Modern Kannada which began in the latter part of 19th century blossomed during the 20th
century. It began in the fields of translation and journalism and the introduction of printing
and spread of liberal education played a significant role in providing a wider reach for
Kannada writing. This further helped nourish Kannada writers from all sections of society
and all walks of life. The progress of Kannada as a language and a literature was rapid during
the second half of 20th century. The freedom to express freely and vehemently galvanised
the progress of the language to a great extent. Both forms of poetry, i.e., romantic and
modern, made good use of freedom of expression and variety. Extensive use of new themes
and new metres which were inspired by outside influences but adapted to Indian situations,
furthered the growth of Kannada literature.
The awareness among people of Karnataka to collect and preserve old literary forms is
definitely on the rise today. This is being supported by various public and government
organisations and universities. In spite of the wide diversity of religion, caste and creed,
Kannada language has successfully unified the people of Karnataka in the cultural sphere.

BALAKE KANNADA
Some of the modern works in Kannada are considered masterpieces in art and merit. These
have also been successfully translated into other Indian languages and English, thereby
contributing significantly to the glorious literary heritage of Karnataka as well as of India.
The new movement in modern Kannada started from the time of the Mysore king
Krishnaraja Wodeyar III who reigned from 1799 - 1831 A.D.
Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar continued the tradition of his predecessors. He himself

was a good writer and extended patronage to many authors and Kempunarayana’s
Mudramanjusha deserves a special mention. Wodeyar also started the Raja’s English in
School 1833 A.D. and this alongwith the expansion of missionary activities, was responsible
for increasing the western influence on Kannada literature. The last two decades of the 19th
century under Chamaraja Wodeyar and the first two decades of the 20th century under the
rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV saw a new era in Kannada literature. M.S. Puttanna’s
Madiddunno Maharaya, D.Venkatachalayya and Dr. B.V. Venkateshaiyya’s detective stories
like Parimala and Arindamana Sahasagalu, Galaganatha’s social and historical novels,
Kittel’s Kannada-English Dictionary, Cha. Vasudevaraya’s BalaBodhe belong to this period.
Translated novels by B. Venkatacharya and Galaganatha, mostly historical, made a deep
impact on readers.
In 1921, B.M.Srikantayya heralded the Navodaya movement. His English Geethagalu was a
free rendering of some great English poems. Around this period, K.V. Puttappa (Kuvempu)
had switched over from English writing to Kannada, where the culmination of his work was
Sri Ramayana Darshana written in blank verse. Puttappa’s social novels such as
Kanurusubbamma Heggadati and Malegalalli Madumagalu are equally well acclaimed.
Among the works of the thirties, D.V. Gundappa’s Manku Timmana Kagga stands out as a
jewel. It is considered to be unique as it contains ethical principles, philosophical truths and
experiences of life. Samsa wrote many plays in Halegannada, of which Vigadavikramaraya
is the best example.
Kannada literature has the unique distinction of receiving the highest number of the
prestigious Bharatiya Jnanapitha awards which are given to eminent authors. Except for
U.R. Ananthamurthy and Girish Karnad, all five of the seven Jnanapitha awardees in
Kannada - Kuvempu, Da Ra Bendre, Shivarama Karantha, Masthi Venkatesha lyengar and
V.K. Gokak - have been writing since the Navodaya period. Da Ra Bendre won the award
for Naku Thanti, a metaphysical poetic work, but his popularity is based more on his
writings drawn from folk culture. Shivarama Karanth’s writings range from encyclopaedia
to novels, essays, drama and poetry. Marali Mannige is his oft-mentioned novel, but Bettada
Jiva, Chomana Dudi and Mookajjiya Kanasugalu are also noteworthy. His works mirror the
cultural ethos of Dakshina Kannada. Masthi Venkatesha lyengar is primarily noted as a
short-story writer. His Chennabasava Nayaka and Chikaveerarajendra are historical novels
dealing with the degeneration of monarchy, while Subbanna is a long story which reaches
metaphysical heights. V.K. Gokak began as a Navodaya poet, but his magnum opus is
Bharata Sindhu Rashmi which seeks to find answers for the modern man’s dilemmas in the
ancient epics. Significantly, Ananthamurthy’s Samskara also seeks inspiration from
traditional wisdom. Girish Karnad is basically a playwright whose plays have been staged
all over the world and translated to various Indian and foreign languages. Dr. B.
Chandrashekara Kambara has become the eighth recipient of this prestigious award.

BALAKE KANNADA
I. keLgina prashnegalige uttarisi (using English letter)
1. KannaDa bhashege eshtu varshagaLa ithihaasavide?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. halmiDi shilaa shaasana karnaaTakada yaava jilleyallide?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. KannaDada hesaraanta praacheena kavigaLu yaaru?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. kannaDada modala shaasana yaavudu?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. kannaDa bhaasheya pramUkha upabhaashe yaavudu?
_______________________________________________________________________________

BALAKE KANNADA
II. Find the opposite gender:
1. amma huDuga
2. huDugi magaLu
3. Shikshaka snehita
4. GeLeya chikkamma
5. chikkappa geLati
6. snehite shikshaki
8. Maga Appa
III. Translate into Kannada using English letter:
1. I want a cup of coffee
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Anita does not want fruits
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. I want three packets of biscuits

BALAKE KANNADA
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. how much is the rent for that new house?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. she wants tea
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. I do not want black pen
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. we have two houses in Jayanagar
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. I do not like that red color cloth
_______________________________________________________________________________
9.how much is the price for one kilo banana
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. I need to go home

BALAKE KANNADA
1. Write kannada alphabets.
2. write the kannada numbers from 1 to 9.
3. Write the conversation between Auto driver and the customer.
4. Write a short note on History of Karnataka ( about 500 words)
5. Write a short note on History of Kannada Literature ( about 500 words)
B. N. M. Institute of Technology
Department of Humanities
Paper Balake Kannada
Model Question
Answer the following

1 .Motteya banna ___________
a) Hasiru b) Bili c) Kempu d) Kappu
2. Nanna Koodalina Banna ______
a) Kappu b) Kempu c) Haladi d) Kesari
3. Manushyaru ____vaasisuttare
a) Maneyalli b) Manjinalli c) Aakashadalli d) Nadiyalli
4. Sit means_________
a) KuLithuko b) Nillu c) Malagu d) Haadu
5. _________________Jille yaavudu?
a. Hogu b. Bande c. Ninna d. Heege
6. Naanu Manushya__________?
a. Hogiddene b. Aagiddene c. Kaapaadlu d. Maadu
7. _______yaara room?
a. Elli b. Yaava c. Yenu d. Adu
8. Pustakadalli _____
a. Bareyuttare b. Kuniyuttare c. Nidrisutttare d. Oota maduttare
9. Ninne ___________hogidde ?
a) Ellige b. Naalege c. Monnege d. Badige

BALAKE KANNADA
10 . Hello! ___________ maatadtirodu?
a) Neenu b) Nanna c) Yaaru d) Evanu
11. Ninage_______________ sala call maadbeku?

a) Eshtu b) Hege c) Elli d) Enu
12. Evaga neenu free _____________________?
a) Hogidiya b) iddiya c) Nodidiya d) Kottare
13. Nanna phone silent______________________
a) ittu b) Kattu c) Nattu d) Bolt
14. Neenu __________________ phone maadu
a) Nanage b) Nannannu c) Kaalannu d) Ninage
15. Naale naanu Oorige _________

a. Maadutthene b. Nodutthene c. Kiruchutthene d. Hogutthene
16. Nanage ninna Pustakavannu______________?

a. Tegeduko b. Kodutttiya c. Kottiddene d. Taruttene
17. Avanu Kaafiyannu ___________?

a.Tindana b. Kudidana c. Baredana d. Odidana
18. ‘Stand up’ translate this to Kannada.

a. Kulituko b. Nintuko c. Oodu d. Malagu
19. Naanu _______bengalurige hoguvenu .
a. Naale b. Ninne c. Monne d. Elli
20.Hogona' - means _______________
a) Will go b) Come c) Start d) Sleep
21.Naale neevellaru assignment annu ___________________
a) Kollisi b) Badisi c) Sallisi d) Bidisi

BALAKE KANNADA
22. Raamanu ganeshanige pustakavannu __________________________
a) Kottanu b) Kittanu c) Bittanu d) Tandenu
23.Namma, kaaleju __________________start aagabahudu?
a) Yenu b) Yaavaga c) Aadare d) Heege
24.Aamele call__________________
a) Kaadttene b) Maaduttene c) Tinnuttene d) Naguttene
25. Ivanu nanna____________________
a) Akka b) Anna c) Aunty d) Tangi
26. Avalu nanna____________________
a) Thamma b) Tande c) Maava d) Akka
27. Adu _________________ gaadi?
a) Yaara b) Yeke c) Yenu d) Yelli
28.Avanu ________________ annano?, Tammano?
a) Akka b) Elli c) Ninna d) Avanige
29. Nimma hesaru ____________?
a) Enu b) Yelli c) Alli d) Yetta
30. Indu nivellaru ottaagi assignmentannu _______

a. Kodi b. Hadi c. Gudisi d. Bisadi
31. _____________ooru yaavudu?
a. Adu b. Aadare c. Nimma d. Avanu
32. Adu____________gaadi?
a. Alli b. Yake c. Yenu d. Yaara
33. Avalu ____________tangi?
a. Adakka b. College c. Nanna d. Naanu
34. Nimma OORU ___________
a. Alli b. Adu c. Yaava d. Yavudu

BALAKE KANNADA
35. _____________Namma Kaaleju

a. Adyaapaka b. Adu c. Ground d. River
36. 4 in kannada
a) Mooru b) Naalakku c) Eradu d) Ondu
37. Last dynasty of Karnataka _______
a) Ganga b) Kadamba c) Hoysala d) MysoreOdeyar
38. 3+3 is
a) Aaru b) Elu c) Entu d) Ombhatthu
39. Jog Falls ____________nallide
a) Madikere b) Shivamoga c) Hubali d) Bihar
40. Lal bagh _________nallide
a) Madikere b) Kolar c) Bengaluru d) Hassan
41 . Poorva dikkinalli ___________ocean ede

a) Bay of Bengal b) Arabian Sea c) Indian Ocean d) Red Sea
42. Himalya Betta _____________dikkinallide
a) Uttara b) Dakshina c) Poorva d) Pashchima
43.. Vargeeya vyanjana dalli ________________aksharagalive
a) 25 b) 10 c) 9 d) 12
44. Kaageya banna________aagide
a) Kappu b) Hasaru c) Billi d) Kempu
45.ManuShyaru _______________nadeyuttave
a) Kaalalli b) Kaiyalli c) Thaleyalli d) Kannalli
46.____________ Kaadinalli vaasisutthade
a) Huli b) Bekku c) Naayi d) Hasu
47. How are you'translate in Kannada.

BALAKE KANNADA
a) Hegiddiri b) Enide c) Chennagi d) Baruttene
48 .Good day'translate in Kannada.
a) Shubhadina b) Shubharatri c) Shubhamadyana d) Shubhasanje
49. Bengaluru________________
a) Ullasa b) Sundaravaagide c) Kappagide d) Bellagide
50. Welcome' translate in Kannada
a) Swagatha b) Harusha c) Ullasa d) Neerasa
51. Ondu KG Bendekayiya ______estu?
a) Kole b) Tale c) Bele d) ADHU
52. Avanu ________huduga
a) Kempu b) Olleya c) Neeli d) Hudugi
53. Nanageondu Litre__________beku
a) Hannu b) Haalu c) Tarkari d) Bele
54. NeevuBanasankarige __________
a) Nade b) Nudi c) Buruttira d) Hogu
55. .Nanage ________dodda Pumpkin beku
a) Ondu b) Neeli c) Bili d) Kappu
56. Naanunenneraathri__________ maadilla
a) Nidde b) Neeru c) Aaru d) Kopa
57. "By us" Meaning in kannada__________
a) Nimminda b) Tamage c) Namminda d) Neenu
58. We' means _________________
a) Naavu b) Yelli c) Alli d) Yetta

BALAKE KANNADA
59. In kannada there are________alphabets.
a) 49 b) 52 c) 35 d) 25
60."Aa" this letter is ________
a) Vyanjana b) Swara c) Anuswara d) Visarga
61."Cha" this letter is

a) Swarakshar b) Vargeeyavyanjan c) Yogavaahak
a a a d) Visarga
62.. ___________yaava ooru?
a) idu b) Nanna c) Nimma d) Adara
63.. Nimma hesaru___________
a) Yenu b) Elli c) Yaavaga d) Yeke
64. Karnatakavu ondu dodda ______aagide
a) Jille b) Desha c) Jagattu d) Raajya
65. Mysore jilleyu ________raajyakke seride

a) MadhyaPradesh b) Punjab c) Tamil Nadu d) Karnataka
66. Ninna ________Enu?
a) Hasiru b) Usiru c) Kesaru d) Hesaru

67.___________Nanna mane
a) Avaru b) Evaru c) Adu d) Yenu
68.________________B.N.M College Oduvudakkebandiddene
a) Naanu b) Neenu c) Avalu d) Evlu
69. Avanu Nanna _________?
a) Akka b) Anna c) Ajji d) Tangi
70. Ivaru nanna ________
a) College b) Bus c) Shop d) Thande

BALAKE KANNADA
71. Nanu belligge _____________bande
a) Bega b) Oota c) Nidde d) Neeru
72.Sariyaagi ' translate this to English
a) Bad b) Good c) Correct d) Worst
73. “Thank you” means ----------- in kannada
a) Shubhasanje b) Shubodaya c) Shubharatri d) Dhanyavadagalu
74. Naanubeliggge 6 gantege ___________
a) Biddenu b) Eddenu c) Kudidenu d) Bennu
75.Classroom olagade______
a) Baa b) Beelu c) Ivalu d) Eeju
76.. Namage Jwara bandare _____________tagoteve
a) Maatre b) Biscut c) Juice d) Blanket
78. Hasu _________Koduttade
a) Haalu b) Neeru c) Benne d) Mosaru
79. Adu nanna _____________?
a) Batte b) Betta c) Aakasha d) River
80. BNMIT Namma Kaalejina____________.
a) Hesaru b) Hasiru c) Mosaru d) Tagaru
81. Namma desha __________aagide
a) Bharatha b) Paradesh c) Rajya d) Desha
82. Human beings eat the food through _____?
a) Baayi b) Kannu c) Kivi d) Charma
83. Pennida _______

a) Bareyutteve b) Odutteve c) Kaanutteve d) Nodutteve

BALAKE KANNADA
84. Haalina banna ___________aagide
a) Bili b) kempu c) Kappu d) Neeli
85. Monday means ____________ in kannada
a) Somavara b) Guruvara c) Bhanuvara d) Shanivara
86. Modagalu(clouds) ____________Taruttave
a) MaLe b) Bisilu c) Haalu d) Benne
87. ‘Hogu’ translate this into English

a. Go b. Stay c. Sleep d. Come
88. Namma Kaaleju ___________shuru aagabahudu?
a. Yaavaga b. Baayaarike c. Ellinda d. Hagadare
89. Kaaleju iddaru kyantin maatra yaavagalu ___________?
a. Muchhiruttade b. Malagiruutte c. Thinnutthirutte d. Nintirutte
90.. Avanu _______ tammana?
a. Ninna b. Ajji c. Akka d. Taayi
91. Santosh nabatteyabanna_________
a) Kappu b) Pen c) Book d) Pencil
92. Avanunimma __________-?
a) tammana b) ajjina c) akkana d) Taayina
93. Naanu__________Vidyarti?
a) Olleya b) Ketta c) Ootada d) Niddeya
94. Avalu Nanna ______?
a) Magalu b) Tande c) Anna d) Tamma
95. EvattuNaanubeligge_________Tindenu?
a) Thindi b) Kallu c) Neeru d) Bus
96. Idu _________pustaka?
a) Yeke b) Adannu c) d) Yaara e) Yelli

BALAKE KANNADA
97. Namma' translate this to English.
a) Our b) Your c) My d) His
98. Their' translate this to Kannada.
a) Avara b) Adannu c) Avalu d) Avanu
99. You' translate in Kannada
a) Neenu b) Naanu c) Avalu d) Avanu
100. We' translate in Kannada
a) Naavu b) Avanu c) Neenu d) Naanu
Kannada aksaramaaleyalli______________aksaragalive
51
49
25
35
ಅ' 'A' yidu __________swara aagide
ಆ' Aa yidu ______swara aagide
ಅಂ' this letter is _____________
ಕ Ka' this letter is _____________________

BALAKE KANNADA
ಘ GHA' this letter is _____________
ಣ' this letter is _____________
Vargeeya vyanjanadalli_____________aksaragalive
"cha" letter in Kannada is ____________
Kaageya banna _______aagide
_________ninda mukha nodutteve
___________rige Kannu Kaanuvudilla
__________banna Kappu aagige
________Krushi maaduttare
Raktada banna_______

BALAKE KANNADA
Khadga (sword) hididu____________yuddha maaduttare
Samayavannu soochisuvudu _________
Oota maadulu ___________balasuttare
Male bandaga ___________beku
______________Manegalalli vaasisuttare
Karnataka Raajyadalli otttu __________Jillegalive
Lalbagh Sasyathota ___________jilleyallide
Karnatakada Raajadhani _________________
K R S dam ______________jilleyallide
Jog Falls __________nallide

BALAKE KANNADA
Pracheena Kannada shashana________
Kannadada Aadikavi _____________
Bijaapuradalli________yide
Karnatakavannu aalida koneya Raajvamha
Vijayanagaravannu aalida Raaja________
Vijayanagaravannu stapisidavaru ________________
Tungabadra dam______________nallide.
Tippuvina_______________ aramane bengalurinallide
Bengalurinalli yiruva prasidha Zoo___________________
Karnataka Raajyada Adhikrutha aadalita bhaShe______________
Karnatakada prasidda abhayaaranya kaadu____________________
Beloor and halebeedu Karnataka rajyada ___________Jilleyallide

BALAKE KANNADA
Shravanabelagola ________ ge prasidhavaagide
Baadami & Ihole__________________ jilleyallide
Maayooravarmana Raajavamsha ________________
Karnatakavannu aalida modala Raajavamsha________________
Chitradurgada Koteya hesaru_______________
Vijayanagara saamrajyada Raajadhani _________________
Kannambadi aNeKattige eruva Ennondu hesaru_______________
Kannadada modala vachanaKaara___________________
Kannada bhashege ________________ Jnanapeeta prashashti bandide
Kannada Raajyotsavavannu ___________________ celebrate

Maadutteve
Kannada modala RaastraKavi_________________

BALAKE KANNADA
Culture - means ___________ I Kannada
Commercial means __________in Kannada

BALAKE KANNADA

Balake Kannada - Work Book

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Compiled by Department of Humanities Page | 1

Sl.No Exercises Max Marks Marks Marks

Faculty Signature: Date:

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Module - 01 Spoken kannada

Module - 02 Read and write

Module - 03 History of Karnataka

Module - 04 Literature & Tourist Places of Karnataka

Module - 05 Kannada Language

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Subject: Balake Kannada

Introducing each other:

Compiled by Department of Humanities Page | 4

Compiled by Department of Humanities Page | 5

Nimma hesaru enu? What is your name?

1. What is your name?

2. Which is your place?

3. What is your mother tongue?

4. Which is the language in Karnataka?

Compiled by Department of Humanities Page | 6

5. How many languages do you know?

6. Is this your vehicle?

7. whose room is this?

8. who are you?

1. adu____________ Pustaka? (yaaru, yaara)

2. avaru nimmma __________________? (akka, akkanaa)

3. idu __________________ mane. (avaLu, avaLa)

Compiled by Department of Humanities Page | 7

4. _____________________hesaru enu? (adu, adara)

5. __________________ avaru nanna chikkappa. (howdu, hawda)

6. __________________ uuru BengaLuru. (nanna, naanu)

7. __________________ BNMIT vidyaarthi (naanu, naana)

8. ee bassu banashankari ge _______________ (hogatta, hogtini)

9. howdu_________________ adara maalika naanu (adu, adara)

10. idu ____________________ byaag? (yaaru, yaara)

III. Fill in the blanks using equivalent Kannada words:

1. ____________ hesru raju (my)

2. idu _______________ mane (rented)

3. avara mane ______________ angaDi ide (in front of)

4. Aa mane __________________ sarasvathi thiyeeTar ide. (behind)

5. iavlu nanna _________________ (daughter)

6. nanna snehita_____________________ (good person)

7. __________ avalu nanna tangi ______________(no, not)

8. adu_________________ gaDiyara (small)

9. aa ______________ nimmadaa? (vehicle)

10. avanu nanna _______________(younger brother)

Compiled by Department of Humanities Page | 8

Person B: ನಾನು ಆಫೋಸಿಗೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋನೆ. ಯಾವ ಕಲಾಶಾಲೆ? (I am heading to

Person A: ಚಾಲ್ನೆಗಳ ಬಗೆೆ ನಾನೂ ಕೂಡ ಕೇಳಿದ್ದ ೋನೆ. ಬಹಳ

Person B: ನ್ನ್ಗೂ ಹಾಗೆಯೇ! ಇನುನ ಸ್ಥ ಳ ಸೇರಿದಾಗ ಮತಿ ಮ್ಮೆ

Compiled by Department of Humanities Page | 9

conversation between two friends in Kannada:

Friend 2: ಹಲೋ! ನೋನು ಹೇಗಿದ್ದ ೋಯಾ? (Hello! How are you?)

Friend 1: ನಾನು ಕುದುರೆಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಆಧಾರಿತ್ವಾದ ಕಥೆಗಳನುನ ಓದುತ್ತಿ ದ್ದ ೋನೆ.

conversation with a teacher:

Student: Namaskara, sir. (Greetings, sir.)

Teacher: Namaskara. Hegiddeeya? (Greetings. How are you?)

Teacher: Naanu Chennagiddeeni. (I'm doing well.)

7. avalu nanna tangi ____(no, not)