Completed Module 1 Review

Disclaimer: These questions were done by students who attended
FSG, therefore, not all the answers may be correct.

Module 1 Term Test Review
1. In a sample of snapdragons, we have 50 red, 30 white, and 70 pink individuals. What is the
genotype frequency of the CRCR genotype and the allele frequency of the CW allele in this
population respectively?
a. 20.0% - 43.33%
b. 33.3% - 20.0%
c. 33.3% - 43.33%
d. 33.3% - 56. 67%
e. 20.0% - 56.67%
2. In the same population sample of snapdragons as the previous question (50 red, 30 white, and 70
pink), predict the genotype frequency of the Pink individuals of the next generation, assuming
that random mating is in effect (choose the closest answer).
a. 19%
b. 24.5%
c. 32%
d. 49%
3. In the same population sample of snapdragons as question 1 (50 red, 30 white, and 70 pink),
predict the allele frequency of the CW allele in the next generation, assuming that random mating
is in effect.
a. 43.33%
b. 56.67%
c. 19%
d. 32%
4. Which evolutionary force is responsible for making two distinct populations more similar?
a. Mutation
b. Natural selection
c. Gene flow
d. Genetic drift.
5. In a population of bacteria, a mutation occurs that grants resistance to a specific antibiotic.
However, this mutation also slows the bacteria's growth rate in environments without antibiotics.
If the antibiotic is consistently present, which evolutionary process is most likely to increase the
frequency of the resistance mutation in the population?
a. Genetic Drift, because the population size fluctuates.
b. Natural Selection, because the mutation increases survival under antibiotic pressure.
c. Gene Flow, because bacteria can exchange genetic material with other populations.
d. Mutation Pressure, because mutations always increase genetic diversity.
6. In a population of birds, individuals with either very small beaks or very large beaks are better
able to survive and reproduce. The small-beaked birds can efficiently eat small seeds, while the
large-beaked birds can crack open large, hard seeds. Birds with medium-sized beaks struggle to
eat either type of seed and are less likely to survive. Which type of selection is most likely acting
on this population, and how will it affect the beak size distribution over time?
a. Stabilizing Selection, favoring medium-sized beaks and reducing variation.
b. Directional Selection, favoring one extreme of beak size.
c. Disruptive Selection, favoring both small and large beak sizes, leading to two extremes.
d. Balancing Selection, maintaining a high level of variation in beak size.
7. In a ______ population, the impact of ______ is lower.
a. Small - genetic drift.
b. large - genetic drift
c. Small - gene flow
d. Large - gene flow
8. Which of the options below is an example of balanced polymorphism in a population?
a. Individuals who have a HbA/Hba genotype are resistant to malaria.
b. “Right-mouthed” Perissodu fish have more advantage in their population when they are
more rare.
c. two or more distinct forms within the various genders of a population of a species
d. Two of the options above are considered balanced polymorphism.
9. Which of the following best describes the key difference between Darwin's theory of natural
selection and Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
a. Darwin believed that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime could be passed to
offspring, while Lamarck believed in the survival of the fittest.
b. Lamarck proposed that organisms evolved through natural selection, while Darwin
suggested traits were acquired through use and disuse.
c. Darwin suggested that evolution occurs through natural selection of random variations,
while Lamarck believed that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime.
d. Both Darwin and Lamarck believed that evolution occurred through the inheritance of
acquired characteristics.
10. Which of the options below is true regarding a phylogenetic tree?
I. Unlike a cladogram, the branches represented are time-calibrated.

II. Phylogenetic trees are considered to be a theory.
III. The extinct species are not shown in a phylogenetic tree.
IV. There can be multiple phylogenetic trees for the same species depending on the data available.
a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. I and IV
d. III and IV.
11. True or False - a parsimonious tree is always accurate.
a. True
b. False
12. Which tree below shows a different evolutionary relationship between different species?
a. Tree 3
b. Tree 2
c. Tree 1
d. They are all the same.
Answer questions 13 - 15 based on the phylogenetic tree below.
13. Which statement is incorrect?
a. Species D is closer to species E rather than species H.
b. The shaded area indicates a paraphyletic group.
c. The common ancestor of species A and B can act as an outgroup for species D, F, E, H,
and G.
d. Species D and F are considered a polyphyletic group.
14. Which two species are not sister taxa?
a. Common ancestor of B and A - common Ancestor of D and G
b. Species B = Species C
c. Common ancestor of F and E - Common ancestor of H and G
d. Species A - Species C
15. HAD TWO ANSWERS AND WAS DELETED
16. Which of the following is a key feature distinguishing protists from prokaryotes?
a. Lack of a nucleus
b. Lack of organelles
c. Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles
d. Ability to perform photosynthesis
17. Hox genes play a crucial role in:
a. Metabolic regulation
b. Controlling body plans and the development of animal morphology
c. DNA replication
d. Sexual reproduction in plants
18. Which of the following statements about the impact of teratogens on developmental genes is
correct?
a. Teratogens increase the activity of Hox genes
b. Teratogens interfere with Hox genes, causing developmental abnormalities
c. Teratogens enhance gene expression during pregnancy
d. Teratogens are beneficial for the evolution of new species
19. Which of the following is true about protist diversity in terms of structure?
a. Protists are always unicellular
b. Protists can be unicellular, form colonies, or be large multicellular organisms.
c. All protists perform photosynthesis
d. Protists have highly complex internal digestive tracts
20. Which of the options below is consistent with the endosymbiosis theory and the origination of
mitochondria?
a. Eukaryotic cells engulfed an anaerobic bacteria, which led to the origination of
mitochondria.
b. Eukaryotic cells engulfed aerobic bacteria, which led to the origination of mitochondria.
c. Eukaryotic cells engulfed aerobic archaea, which led to the origination of mitochondria.
d. Eukaryotic cells engulfed anaerobic archaea, which led to the origination of
mitochondria.
21. What is a synapomorphy?
a. A trait that appears only in a single species.
b. A trait shared among a group of descendants that indicates common ancestry.
c. A trait that evolves independently in different species.
d. A trait found only in ancestral species.
22. Which of the following is an example of homologous traits?
a. Wings in bats and insects.
b. Fins in fish and flippers in dolphins.
c. The streamlined body shape of sharks and dolphins.
d. Eyes in humans and octopuses. (Students agreed on this answer, but apparently the octupi
eyes are analogous to humans, so this question might not have an answer)
23. What type of evidence does the fossil record provide to support evolution?
a. Transitional forms between species.
b. Complete and detailed records of every species.
c. Evidence that all species appeared simultaneously.
d. Fossils of soft-bodied organisms only.
24. Which of the following is a true statement about vestigial structures?
a. They are fully functional in an organism.
b. They serve a different purpose in the organism than in its ancestors.
c. They are remnants of structures that were functional in ancestors.
d. They result from convergent evolution.
25. What does the presence of a fused chromosome in humans suggest?
a. Humans have fewer chromosomes due to loss during evolution.
b. Chromosome fusion occurred after humans split from a common ancestor with chimps.
c. Humans and chimps share a common ancestor.
d. Chromosome fusion has no impact on evolutionary relationships.
26. What is one prediction made based on the theory of evolution regarding species change?
a. Species remain unchanged over time.
b. Species should show evidence of random trait development.
c. Species should exhibit transitional forms over time.
d. No new species should ever evolve.
27. Which of the following would be considered evidence of convergent evolution?
a. The development of wings in birds and bats.
b. The common structure of bones in the limbs of vertebrates.
c. The presence of feathers in all birds.
d. The loss of tailbones in humans.
28. How does radiometric dating support the theory of evolution?
a. It helps determine the absolute age of fossils.
b. It shows that species have not changed in millions of years.
c. It proves that all species originated at the same time.
d. It shows that mutations occur at a constant rate.
29. Which of the following best describes a phylogenetic tree?
a. A diagram showing the physical appearance of species.
b. A branching diagram representing evolutionary relationships between species.
c. A diagram that ranks species from least to most complex.
d. A chart listing species in alphabetical order.
30. What does the concept of "descent with modification" mean in evolutionary biology?
a. All species remain identical to their ancestors.
b. Species gradually change over time, inheriting traits from their ancestors.
c. Evolution occurs instantaneously.
d. Evolution only occurs in certain environments.
Have a good week and Good Luck!

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Completed Module 1 Review

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Disclaimer: These questions were done by students who attended

FSG, therefore, not all the answers may be correct.

I. Unlike a cladogram, the branches represented are time-calibrated.

Have a good week and Good Luck!

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