1-What is the approximate angle between the femoral shaft and neck in a

healthy person? q angle

A. 90°
B. 125°
C. 150°
D. 170°

2-Which of the following is the most accurate term to describe when a muscle
performs active lengthening?
A.Co-contraction
B.Active inhibition
C.Eccentric contraction
D.Concentric contraction

3-Which of the following is the basic body plane that is vertical, extends from
side to side, divides the body into anterior, and posterior portions?
A.Sternal
B.Sagittal
C.Coronal
D.Transverse

4-Which of the following is the used period, in hours, to record diurnal signs
and symptoms pattern?
A.12
B. 24
C. 36
D. 48

5-Which of the following is an example of 1st class lever?

A. Soleus
B. Trapezius
C. Hamstring
D. Brachioradialis

6-A 24-year-old man comes to the clinic with right knee pain that started 3
weeks ago. The physical therapist applies a measurement of the ground
reaction force of the knee joint.
Where does the ground reaction force pass at heel strike during normal gait?
A. Lateral
@A. heel strike (initial contact) GRF is
B. Central 1. posterior to the ankle joint
C. Anterior 2. Anterior to the knee
D. Posterior 3. Anterior to the hip
7-A 36-year-old woman comes to the Physical Therapy Clinic with right heel
pain for more than 3 months. The physical therapist decides to do a gait
analysis to this patient.
Which of the following is the most appropriate step length?
A. Distance between 2 consecutive foot flat
B. Distance between 2 consecutive heel strikes
C. Distance between 2 consecutive foot flat by the same leg
D. Distance between 2 consecutive heel strikes by the same leg

8-A 44-year-old woman presents to the clinic with left ankle pain before a
week ago. The physical therapist applies a measurement of the ground
reaction force of the ankle joint.
Where does the ground reaction force pass at heel strike during normal gait?
A. Lateral
B. Central
C. Anterior
D. Posterior

9-The angle between the longitudinal axes of the femoral neck and shaft is
about 126° in adults (see image).
An abnormally small angle, is known as which of the following?
A. Coxa vara
B. Genu varum
C. Genu valgum
D. Genu recurvatum

10-A 26-year-old woman slipped and had blunt trauma to the knee joint. She
developed severe pain and swelling of the joint. Following regular medication
and physiotherapy, her pain gradually subsided, but there were occasional
painful episodes of locking of the joint.
Which of the following is the most likely injured tissue?
A. Bone
B. Capsular
C. Ligament
D. Meniscus
11-A 30-year-old woman with elbow dysfunction is referred to the physical
therapy. The physical therapist assessed the patient and found limited
flexion due to casting for a long time. The physical therapist decided to
mobilize the elbow joint to increase the range of motion.
What direction of mobilization should the therapist do following the convex-
concave rule?
A. Rotational mobilization
B. Medial-lateral mobilization
C. Anterior-posterior mobilization
D. Inferior-superior mobilization

12-A 24-year-old bicyclist had repetitive injuries in the last 2 years after
changing his bike. The physical therapist hypothesis of the problem is that the
weight of the bicyclist is not distributed evenly after with the new bike.
Which of the following is the most appropriate kind of intervention?
A. Fitness
B. Psychological
C. Biomechanical
D. Strengthening

13-What is the function of the muscles in the image (see image)?

A. Flexion of the hip
B. Extension of the hip
C. Adduction of the hip
D. External rotation of the hip
14-Which of the following is this muscle, according to the diagram (see
image)?
A. Quadriceps
B. Biceps femoris
C. Adductor brevis
D.Gluteus maximus

15-Which of the following is associated with the property to assume a greater

length than the pre-stretch state?
A. Elasticity
B. Plasticity
C. Flexibility
D. Extensibility

16-Which of the following is most appropriate in regard to the anatomical

position of Broca's speech area?
A. Inferior frontal gyrus
B. Superior frontal gyrus
C. Inferior temporal gyrus
D. Superior temporal gyrus

17-Which of the following pass through the subacromial space?

A. Supraspinatus tenon, glenohumeral ligament, subacromial bursa
B. Supraspinatus tendon, long head of bicep tendon, subacromial bursa
C.Subscapularis tendon, supraspinatus tendon, long head of bicep tendon
D. Long head of bicep tendon, short head of bicep tendon and radial nerve
18-Which of the following is the appropriate label for "8", in this schematic
figure of the cross-section of the spinal cord (see image)?
A. Grey matter
B. Spinal nerve
C. Dorsal root ganglion
D. Soma of motor neuron

19-A 6-month-old baby boy is referred by a neurosurgeon for management.

He has an adducted shoulder with a flaccid and internally rotated arm and
a pronated forearm. The boy's mother has gestational diabetes and difficult
labor.
Which of the following is the most likely brachial plexus injury?
A. Erb's palsy
B. Klumpke's palsy
C. Horner's syndrome
D. Brachial plexus syndrome

20-A 37-year-old man complained of weakness in his arm. 6 weeks ago, he

fell off his motorbike and landed on his shoulder. Examination revealed
wasting of the flexor surface of his arm and difficulty with elbow flexion,
especially with a supinated elbow are noted. His shoulder, hand movements
and elbow extension were normal.
Which of the following nerves is most likely injured?
A. Ulnar
B. Radial
C. Median Innervation of bicep brachii is by the musculocutaneous nerve C5, C6, C7.
D. Musculocutaneous

21-A 60-year-old man sustained a fracture of the hip joint following a fall. He
was given skeletal traction for conservative management of the fracture. He
received regular physiotherapy to prevent muscle wasting and has started
regular cyclic loading exercise plan.
How long, in months, will it take him to regain normal muscle strength?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
22-A 60-year-old woman developed severe pain and restriction of the shoulder
movements in all directions. She was diagnosed as a case of adhesive
capsulitis of the shoulder joint and prescribed an intra-articular steroid
injection. Following the injection, she developed wasting at the injection site.
How long, in weeks, will it take before recovery from the wasting?
A. 10
B. 15
C. 20
D. 25

23-Clinical examination by the physiotherapist reveals the weakness of the

fingers and wrist dorsiflexor muscle.
Which of the following nerves is involved?
A. Ulnar wrist dorsiflexion = wrist extension
B. Radial The radial nerve is responsible for innervating
C. Median the extensor muscles of the wrist and digits.
D. Spinal accessory

24-When evaluating forearm muscles, the therapist asks the patient to flex the
elbow with the forearm in a neutral position.
Which of the following muscles is the therapist evaluating?
A. Anconeus
B. Biceps brachii
C. Brachioradialis
D. Flexor digitorum profundus

25-Which of the following nerve injuries is a condition in which both the axon
and the sheath of the nerve are destroyed?
A. Neuropathy
B. Neurapraxia
C. Neurotmesis
D. Axonotmesis

26-A 31-year-old patient with a forearm problem, during the assessment, there
is difficulty to do elbow flexion and forearm supination.
Which of the following muscles is most likely affected?
A. Deltoid
B. Biceps brachii
C. Pronator teres
D. Flexor carpi radialis

27-A 55-year-old patient falls on an outstretched hand (see report).

X-ray: Fracture with dinner-fork deformity of the upper limb.
Which of the following bones is most likely fractured?
A. Ulna
B. Radius A dinner fork deformity, also known as a bayonet
deformity, occurs as the result of a malunited distal
C. Humerus radial fracture, usually a Colles fracture.
D. Clavicle
28-A 55-year-old woman with elbow dysfunction is referred to physical
therapy. The physical therapist assessed the patient and found a weak
brachioradialis muscle.
Which of the following exercises is recommended to strengthen this muscle?
A. Elbow flexion with the forearm rm in a pronated position
B. Elbow flexion with the forearm in a supinated position
C. Elbow extension with the forearm in a pronated position
D. Elbow flexion with the forearm in a midway (neutral) position

29-A 26-year-old patient with shortened biceps brachii muscle after casting the
elbow for few weeks. The physical therapist decided to stretch this muscle.
Which of the following positions of the upper extremity will maximally elongate
the biceps brachii?
A.Shoulder extension, elbow extension, and stretching, function ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ اﻗﻠﺒﻲ ال‬
forearm pronation
B.Shoulder extension, elbow extension, and
forearm supination
C.Shoulder external rotation, elbow extension,
and forearm pronation
D.Shoulder external rotation, elbow extension,
and forearm supination

30-A 15-year-old boy with left facial palsy receives treatment in the Physical
Therapy Clinic. During the assessment, the physical therapist notices the
patient was unable to close the eyelids.
Which of the following muscles is most likely affected in this case?
A. Risorius
B. Frontalis
C. Masseter
D. Orbicularis oculi

31-Which of the following is a red flag sign of the lower limb?

A. Sprain
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Osteonecrosis
D. Muscle contracture
32-A 26-year-old football player developed severe pain in his ankle following a
twisting injury during a match.
He was given ice fomentation and anti-inflammatory medications. He had little
pain on rest. Physical examination revealed stress and palpation produce
severe pain (see report).
X-ray of the ankle: Unremarkable.ligament not torn
Which of the following is the most likely grade of the sprain?
A. 1
B. 2 Grade 1 (Mild). The ligament fibers stretched slightly or there is a very small tear. ...
Grade 2 (Moderate). The ligament is torn, but it isn't a complete tear. ...
C. 3 Grade 3 (Severe). The ligament is torn completely.
D. 4

33-A physiotherapist receives a referral for a patient.

The referring physician has outlined all clinical findings in the referral, one of
which is "ptosis".
What does this term mean?
A. Drooped eyelid Ptosis is when the upper eyelid droops over the eye
B.Disruption of sensation causing abnormal sensation
C. Inability to perform purposeful voluntary movements
D. Involuntary repetitive movement characterized by twisting

34-Which of the following is the most likely cause of absent plantar flexion on
gastrocsoleus squeeze?
A. Ankle sprain
B. Sciatic nerve injury
C. Achilles tendon tear
D. Deep vein thrombosis

35-Which of the following is the exercise to reduce pain and improve mobility
in patients with ankylosing spondylitis?
A. Aquatic
B. Flexibility
C. Stretching
D. Strengthening

36-A 48-year-old woman has a pain in her right foot 3 months ago receiving
treatment in the clinic. During treatment, the patient says she had severe foot
pain in the morning when she started to walk after wake
up.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute ankle sprain plantar fasciitis in its very nature is chronic because it is “long-developing.”
B. Chronic ankle sprain However, it becomes acute when it flares up and causes sudden and severe pain.
C. Acute plantar fasciitis
D. Chronic plantar fasciitis Patients with chronic plantar fasciitis (P.F) will have
been suffering with symptoms for more than 2-4 weeks.
 37-A 30-year-old man presented with severe pain in his wrist on the dorsal
aspect. He had fallen on an outstretched hand 6 months ago. The pain is
aggravated by flexion of the wrist (see report).
X-ray of the wrist: Sclerosis at the lateral wrist area
Which of the following is the most likely cause of the
pain?
A. Wrist sprain
B. Extensor tendonitis
C. Median nerve injury
D. Avascular necrosis of scaphoid

38-A 52-year-old man has a pain in his right foot 3 days ago and treated in
Physical Therapy Clinic. The patient asked about the mechanism of the injury
and said he felt down where his foot was in plantar flexion and inversion
position.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Medial ankle sprain
B. Lateral ankle sprain
C. Anterior ankle impingement
D. Posterior ankle impingement

39-A 19-year-old man presented to the Physical Therapy Department with

severe pain (8 out of 10 on the pain scale) and swelling in the front of the
knee and around the patella.
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?
A. TENS, rest, ice, compression and exercise Both the PRICE and RICE principles have
B. Heat, TENS, rest, compression and elevation been advocated for a long time to help
treat an injury within the first 72 hours.
C. Heat, exercise, rest, compression and elevation
D. Protection, rest, ice, compression and Elevation PRICE

40-A 25-year-old man referred to the Physical Therapy Clinic for hip pain. The
physical therapist needs to apply an evidence-based intervention.
What is the first step of the evidence-based practice process?
3 A. Critically analyze the pertinent evidence
4 B. Integrate the appraised evidence into practice
1 C. Identify the problem and convert it into a specific question
2 D. Search the literature and collect clinically relevant scientific studies
5 Evaluate

41-A 25-year-old man had pain in his left knee one week ago. During
treatment, there is pain behind kneecap when he walks downstairs.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Knee osteoarthritis Chondromalacia patellae, also known as “runner's knee,” is a
condition where the cartilage on the undersurface of the patella
B. Chondromalacia patella (kneecap) deteriorates and softens.
C. Anterior cruciate ligament injury
D. Medial collateral ligament injury
Sometimes chondromalacia is a term used to describe PFPS patellofemoral pain syndrome
42-A 50-year-old woman has some difficulty sitting and rising from a chair.
The physical therapist decided to give her some exercises to help hair gain
control while sitting and rising from the chair.
Which of the following exercises is the most appropriate?
A. Lunges
B. Sit-ups
C. Push-ups
D. Squatting

43-One of the common features of ultrasound is that it produces the greatest

rise in temperature in the skeletal muscles because it is mostly formed by
which of the following?
A.Protein
B.Adipose
C.Endothelial cells
D.Connective tissues

44-Which of the following is the smallest current that produces a muscle

contraction?
the minimal electrical current that is necessary to elicit an
A.Rheobase action potential when current is injected into a cell.
B.Chronaxie
C.Direct current
D.Alternating current

45-Which of the following is the therapeutic frequency of shortwave

z
diathermy?
A. 27.12 kHz
B. 27.12 MHz
C. 27.12 GHz
D. 27.12 THz

46-Which of the following is the most appropriate maximum dosage, in Wcm-

2, of Ultrasound therapy in chronic inflammatory conditions?
A. 1.0
B. 1.5
C. 2.0
D. 2.5

47-A 29-year-old woman comes to the clinic after 1 month of right foot tendon
transfer. The physical therapist decides to start with the faradic-type current
for training a new muscle-action.
What is the frequency of faradic-type current?
A. 50-100 Hz
B. 150-200 Hz
C. 250-300 Hz
D. 350-400 Hz
48-A patient comes with severe low back pain. After examination, the
therapist plans to apply Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS).
Which of the following is important and should be asked about before starting
the treatment?
A. Fracture
B. Allergies
C. Hypertension
D. Cardiac pacemaker

49-Which of the following is the ideal temperature, in degrees, centigrade for

a hydrocollator to avoid burns?
A. 40-49 hot packs machine
B. 50-59
C. 70-79
D. 90-99

50-A 58-year-old patient comes to the Physical Therapy Clinic with lower back
pain. The physical therapist decides to use short-wave diathermy to reduce
pain but according to patient file, he found that the patient has cancer.
Why is short-wave diathermy contraindicated?
A. Decrease metabolism
B. Increase muscle spasm
C. Accelerate the rate of tumor growth
D. Decelerate the rate of tumor growth

51-A 58-year-old patient with lower back pain treated by TENS to reduce pain,
after the third session the therapist evaluated the treatment procedure and
found that the patient is an adaptation to the intensity and frequency of TENS
therapy.
Which of the following should be done to complete the treatment?
A. Change the treatment agent
B. Decrease intensity and frequency of TENS
C. Increase the intensity and frequency of TENS
D. Continuous with the same intensity and frequency of TENS

52-A 25-year-old patient comes to the Physical Therapy Clinic with scar tissue
at the right leg. The physical therapist decides to use ultrasonic therapy for
treatment.
Which of the following occurs for the scar tissue after treatment?
A. Painful
B. Pliable Massage and ultrasound therapy help soften scars
C. Inflamed
D. Hardness
53-Which of the following pathological conditions is contraindicated for the
application of ice?
A. Spasticity
B. Muscle spasm
C. Raynaud's disease
D. Late-stage of recovery following nerve injury

54-What is the type of electrical current that is used during lontophoresis?

A. Ultrasonic intophoresis is a technique of introducing ionic
B. Direct current medicinal compounds into the body through
the skin by applying a local electric current.
C. Galvanic current
D. Low-frequency TENS

55-Which of the following physiological effects is considered as an indirect

effect of heating?
A. Muscle relaxation
B. Increased blood flow
C. Increased metabolism
D. Stimulation of the neural receptors

56-An elderly obese woman is diagnosed with a fracture in the neck of the
right femur. She is referred to Physiotherapy Department for pain
management after 10 weeks of hemiarthroplasty.
Which of the modalities is contraindicated?
A. Hot packs Hip hemiarthroplasty is a procedure used to treat hip fractures that
B. Whirlpool is like a total hip replacement but only part of the hip is replaced.
C. Cryotherapy
D. Shortwave diathermy

57-An elderly cancer patient presents with chronic osteoarthritis in both knees.
She has received four sessions of radiotherapy.
Which of the following is strongly contraindicated?
A. Laser
B. Hot packs
C. Cold packs
D. Paraffin wax

58-Which of the following is the minimum separation, in cm, of the rectus

abdominis muscles in pregnancy that is considered clinically significant?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
59-Which of the following is the most likely age, in months, for an infant to
differentiate between family and strangers?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure
when you stand from a seated or prone (lying down) position.
60-Which of the following is the most common cause of orthostatic
hypotension during pregnancy?
A. Anemia
B. Reduced blood flow Supine hypotensive syndrome (also referred to as
C. Reduced heart rate inferior vena cava compression syndrome) is caused
D. Inferior vena cava compression when the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena
cava when a pregnant woman is in a supine position,
leading to decreased venous return centrally.
61-Which of the following is the most likely cause of pregnancy gait including
increased external hip rotation?
A. Pain
B. Cosmesis
C. Better cadence
D. Improved support

62-A 68-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease with tremor at rest,

slowness of movement and rigidity.
Which area is most likely affected in the central nervous system?
A. Pons
B. Cerebellum
C. Ba sal ganglia
D. Medulla oblongata

63-When placed supine, the baby adopts a position with abducted shoulders,
flexed elbows, adducted extended hips, and extended knees and ankles (see
image).
What is the term for this reflex?
A. Moro
B. Tonic labyrinth
C. Symmetric tonic neck
D. Asymmetric tonic neck
64-Which of the following ages, in months, do most children display a hand
preference?
A. 06
B. 12
C. 18
D. 24

65-What muscles should the therapist expect to be affected when the

therapist is evaluating children with Erb's palsy?
A. Internal rotators
B. Popliteus muscle
C. Trapezius muscle
D. Elbow flexors and supinator

66-Which of the following scales is used in the assessment of pediatric

spasticity?
A. Borg
B. Berg balance
C. Motor dependency
D. Modified Ashworth

67-Which of the following management techniques is associated with

inhibition of abnormal movement patterns?
A. Bobath
B. Margaret
C. Temple-Fay
D. Proprioception neuromuscular facilitation

68-A 64-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease treated in the Physical

Therapy Clinic. The physical therapist evaluates the patient gait to detect any
movement problems.
What is bradykinesia?
A. Slow movement
B. Fast movement
C. Rigid movement
D. Normal movement

69-A 5-year-old child is diagnosed as having Erb's palsy complicated with Erb
engram problems.
Which of the following kinds of physical problems does this child have, during
the physical evaluation?
A. Spasms of the external shoulder rotators
B. Bad pattern of motion, scapular limitation
C. Weakness of the internal shoulder rotators
D. Weakness of the external shoulder rotators
70-Which of the following is the most effective fall prevention intervention in
the elderly population?
A. Medicine review
B. Balancing exercises
C. Individualized program
D. Strengthening exercises

71-Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention to reduce

discomfort associated with pregnancy-induced varicose veins?
A. Weight reduction
B. Stretching exercises
C. Muscle strengthening
D. Dependent position reduction

72-Which of the following is the general recommendation regarding exercise

for normal older adults?
A. Low intensity
B. High intensity
C. Extreme intensity
D. Moderate intensity

73-A 37-year-old presented woman with vaginal prolapse, which developed 6

months ago following childbirth. She underwent an episiotomy during the
difficult labour.
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial exercise plan for
successful muscle re-education?
A. Functional exercises
B. Lumbar stabilization
C. Manual stretch facilitation
D. Isolated muscle contraction training

74-A 75-year-old patient with severe osteoarthritis has been admitted to a

nursing home.
Which of the following is the best modality that the therapist should
recommend to assist in reducing knee pain?
A. Cane
B. Walker
C. Hot modalities, exercises and walking program
D. Cold application, exercises and walking Program
75-A 5-year-old child with cystic fibrosis presents for postural drainage and
percussion of the middle lobe of the right lung.
Which of the following is the most suitable position?
A. Supine on a wedge with right shoulder elevated on pillow with head lower
than pelvis
B.Prone with right shoulder elevated on pillow And the head on the same
plane as pelvis
C. Supine on a wedge with left shoulder elevated on pillow with the head
lower than pelvis
D. Prone with left shoulder elevated on pillow and the head on the same plane
as the pelvis