MATHOLICS

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Test / Exam Name: Preboard 1 Standard: 10th Subject: Mathematics

Student Name:
Questions: 38 Time: 03:00 hh:mm Marks: 80
Instructions
1. This Question Paper has 5 sections A,B,C,D and E.
2. All Questions are Compulsory.
3. Draw Neat Figure wherever required.
4. take pi= 22/7 wherever required if not stated.

Section A
Q1. Choose the correct option and justify your choice: 1 Mark
2 ∘
1 − tan 45
=
1 + tan 2 45 ∘

A tan90 ∘ B 1 C sin45 ∘ D 0
Ans: D 0
1 − tan 2 45 ∘ 1−1
= = =0
1 + tan 2 45 ∘ 1+1
Q2. For the following APs, write the first term and the common difference: 1 Mark
3, 1, –1, –3, ....

Ans: The first term is 3 and common difference = a2 - a1 = 1 - 3 = -2.

Q3. Choose the correct option and give justification. S
In Fig., if TP and TQ are the two tangents to a circle with centre O so that ∠ POQ = 110°, then ∠ PTQ is equal to:
1 Mark
C
LI
O
H
AT
M

A 60° B 70° C 80° D 90°

Ans: B 70°
∠POQ = 110°, ∠OPT = 90° and ∠OQT = 90°
[The tangent at any point of a circle is ⊥ to the radius through the point of contact]
In quadrilateral OPTQ,
∠POQ + ∠OPT + ∠OQT + ∠PTQ = 360°
[Angle sum property of quadrilateral]
⇒ 110° + 90° + 90° + ∠PTQ = 360°
⇒ 290° + ∠PTQ = 360°
⇒ ∠PTQ = 360° - 290°
⇒ ∠PTQ = 70°
Q4. The graphs of y = p(x) are given in Fig. below, for some polynomials p(x). Find the number of zeroes of p(x). 1 Mark

Ans: The graph intersects x-axis at two points.

 ∴ The no. of zeroes of p(x) is Two.
Q5. Find the distance between the following pairs of points: 1 Mark
(-5, 7), (-1, 3)

Ans: Let the given points be A(-5, 7) and B(-1, 3).

− x 1) 2) + (y 2 − y 1) 2
AB =
√(x 2

⇒ AB = √{− 1 − ( − 5)}2 + {3 − 7}2

2 + ( − 4) 2
= √(4)
= √16 + 16 = √32
= 4√2
Q6. Choose the correct option: 1 Mark
sin2A = 2sinA is true when A=
A 0∘ B 30 ∘ C 45 ∘ D 60 ∘
Ans: A 0 ∘

sin2A = 2sinA is true when A = 0 ∘

Q7. A child has a die whose six faces show the letters as given below: 1 Mark

The die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting.

1. A?
2. D?

Ans: Total number of possible outcomes = 6

1. Number of favourable outcomes = 2
2 1
Hence P (getting a letter A) = 6
= 3
2. Number of favourable outcomes = 1 S
C
1
Hence P (getting a letter D) = 6
LI

Q8. In the following APs, find the missing terms in the boxes: 1 Mark
1
O

5, ◻, ◻, 9 2
H

Ans: Let the common difference of the given A. P. be d.

a=5
AT

1
4 th term = 9 2
19
M

⇒ 5 + (4 − 1) d = 2

[∴ a n = a + (n − 1)d ]
19
⇒ 3d = 2
−5
9
⇒ 3d = 2
3
⇒ d= 2
Therefore,
3 13 1
Second term = 5 + 2
= 2
= 62
13 3
and, Third term = 2
+ 2
=8
1
Hence, missing terms in the boxes are 6 2 and 8.
Q9. Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are composite numbers. 1 Mark

Ans: Numbers are of two types – prime and composite. Prime numbers can be divided by 1 and only itself, whereas composite
numbers have factors other than 1 and itself.
It can be observed that:
7 × 11 × 13 + 13 = 13 × (7 × 11 + 1) = 13 × (77 + 1)
= 13 × 78
= 13 × 13 × 6
The given expression has 6 and 13 as its factors. Therefore, it is a composite number.
Now: 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 = 5 × (7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 1)
= 5 × (1008 + 1)
 = 5 × 1009
1009 cannot be factorised further. Therefore, the given expression has 5 and 1009 as its factors. Hence, it is a composite number.
Q10. Choose the correct option. 1 Mark
(secA + tanA)(1 − sinA) =
A secA B sinA C cosec A D cosA
Ans: D cosA
(secA + tanA)(1 − sinA)
1 sin A
= ( cos A + cos A )(1 − sinA)
1 + sin A
= ( cos A )(1 − sinA)
1 − sin 2 A
= cos A
[since(a + b)(a − b) = a 2 − b 2]
cos 2 A
= cos A
= cosA [ ∵ 1 − sin 2A = cos 2A]
Q11. Check whether the following is a Quadratic Equation. 1 Mark
x 3 − 4x 2 − x + 1 = (x − 2) 3

Ans: x 3 − 4x 2 − x + 1 = (x − 2) 3

{(a − b) 3 = a 3 − b 3 − 3ab(a − b) }
⇒ x 3 − 4x 2 − x + 1 = x 3 − 2 3 − 3(x)(2)(x − 2)
⇒ − 4x 2 − x + 1 = − 8 − 6x 2 + 12x
⇒ 2x 2 − 13x + 9 = 0
Here, degree of Equation is 2.
Therefore, it is a Quadratic Equation.
Q12. Find the roots of the following quadratic equation by factorisation: 1 Mark
2
√2x + 7x + 5√2 = 0 S
C
Ans: 2
√2x + 7x + 5√2
LI

= √2x 2 + 5x + 2x + 5√2
O

= x(√2x + 5) + √2(√2x + 5) = (√2x + 5)(x + √2)

H

Roots of this equation are the values for which (√2x + 5)(x + √2) = 0
∴ √2x + 5 = 0 or x + √2 = 0
AT

−5
⇒x= x = − √2
√2
M

Q13. a1 b1 c1 1 Mark
On comparing the ratios ,
a2 b2
and c2
, find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at
a point, are parallel or coincide:
5x − 4y + 8 = 0; 7x + 6y − 9 = 0

Ans: 5x − 4y + 8 = 0; 7x + 6y − 9 = 0
Comparing equation 5x − 4y + 8 = 0 with a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and 7x + 6y – 9 = 0 with a2x + b2y + c2 = 0.
We get, a1 = 5, b1 = -4, c1 = 8, a2 = 7, b2 = 6, c2 = -9
a1 b1 5 −4
We have a2
≠ b2
because 7
≠ 6
Hence, lines have unique solution which means they intersect at one point.
Q14. In an AP: 1 Mark
given a = 3, n = 8, S = 192, find d.

Ans: given a = 3, n = 8, S = 192, find d.

n
Applying formula, S n = 2 [2a + (n − 1)d] to find sum of n terms of AP, we get
8
192 = 2 [6 + (8 − 1)d] = 4(6 + 7d)
⇒ 192 = 24 + 28d
⇒ 168 = 28d ⇒ d = 6
Q15. If tan(A + B) = 1 1 Mark
√3 andtan(A − B) = ; 0 ∘ < A + B ≤ 90 ∘ ; A > B, find A and B.
√3
Ans: If tan(A + B) = √3
 1
tan(A − B) =
√3
If tanA + B = √3
⇒ A + B = 60 ∘ …(1)
1
tan(A − B) =
√3
A− B = 30 ∘ …(2)
Adding (1) and (2) ⇒ 2A = 90 ∘
A = 45 ∘
∴ B = 15 ∘
Q16. The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find them. 1 Mark

Ans: Let first angle = x

And second number = y
As both angles are supplementary so that sum will 180
x+ y = 180
x = 180 − y…(i)
Difference is 18 degree so that
x− y = 18
Putting the value of x we get
180 − y − y = 18
− 2y = − 162
− 162
y= −2
y = 81
Putting the value back in equation (i), we get x = 180 - 81 = 99. Hence, the angles are 99° and 81°.
Q17. In Fig. DE || BC. Find EC . 1 Mark

S
C
LI
O
H
AT

Ans: Since DE || BC,

AD AE
∴ DB
= EC
1.5 1
M

⇒ 3
= EC
3
⇒ EC = 1.5
⇒ EC = 2 cm
Q18. Find the area of a sector of a circle with radius 6 cm if angle of the sector is 60°. 1 Mark

Ans:

r = 6 cm ∠Q = 60 ∘
θ
Area of the sector of the circle = 360
× πR 2
60 22
= 360
× 7
×6×6
132
= 7
cm 2
= 18.8 cm 2
Q19. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given number as the sum and product of its zeroes respectively. 1 Mark
1
4
, −1
Ans: Let the quadratic polynomial be ax 2 + bx + c, and its zeroes be α and β. Then,
1 −b 1
α+β= 4
⇒ a
= 4
⇒ a = − 4b
c
and αβ = − 1 ⇒ a
= −1⇒c= −a
1
if a = 1, then b = − 4
and c = − 1
So, quadratic polynomial which fits the given condition is
1
x 2 − 4 x − 1 or 4x 2 − x − 4.
Q20. Find the common difference d and write three more terms. 1 Mark
a, 2a, 3a, 4a, ....

Ans: a, 2a, 3a, 4a, ....

Here,
a2 - a1 = 2a - a = a
a3 - a2 = 3a - 2a = a
a4 - a3 = 4a - 3a = a
Since ak+1 - ak is not the same throughout this is a A.P with first term = a and common difference = a
Thus the next three terms are
a5 = a4 + d = 4a + a = 5a
a6 = a5 + d = 5a + a = 6a
a7 = a6 + d = 6a + a = 7a
Section B
Q21. Find the zeroes of the following quadratic polynomial and verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients. 2 Marks
x 2 − 2x − 8

Ans: We have, x 2 − 2x − 8 = x 2 − 4x + 2x − 8
= x(x − 4) + 2(x − 4)
= (x − 4)(x + 2) S
C
So, the value of x 2 − 2x − 8 is zero when x− 4 = 0 or x+ 2 = 0.
i.e., when x = 4 or x = − 2.
LI

Therefore, the zeroes of x 2 − 2x − 8 are 4 and -2. Now,

O

Sum of zeroes = (4) + (-2)

2 − (coefficients of x )
=
H

1 cofficients of x 2
Product of zeroes = (4)(-2)
AT

−8 Constant term
= = .
1 Coefficient of x 2
Q22. Solve the following pair of linear equation by the substitution method. 2 Marks
M

x+ y = 14; x − y = 4

Ans: x+ y = 14…(i)
x− y = 4…(ii)
From equation (i), we get
x = 14 − y…(iii)
Putting this value in equation (ii), we get
(14 − y) − y = 4
14 − 2y = 4
10 = 2y
y = 5…(iv)
Putting this in equation (iii), we get
x=9
∴ x = 9 and y = 5
Q23. Suppose you drop a die at random on the rectangular region shown in. What is the probability that it will land inside the circle 2 Marks
with diameter 1m?
Ans: Total area of the given figure (rectangle) = 3 × 2 = 6 m2
1 π
And Area of circle = πr 2 = π ( 2 )2 = 4 m2
π
4 π
Hence, P (die to land inside the circle) = 6
= 24
.
Q24. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which comes to rest pointing at one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and these 2 Marks
are equally likely outcomes. What is the probability that it will point at
1. 8?
2. an odd number?
3. a number greater than 2?
4. a number less than 9?

Ans: Out of 8 numbers, an arrow can point any of the numbers in 8 ways.
∴ Total number of possible outcomes = 8
1. Favourable number of outcomes = 1
1
Hence, P (arrow points at 8) = 8
2. Favourable number of outcomes = 4
4 1
Hence, P (arrow points at an odd number) = 8
= 2 S
C
3. Favourable number of outcomes = 6
6 3
LI
Hence, P (arrow points at a number > 2) = 8
= 4
4. Favourable number of outcomes = 8
O

8
Hence, P (arrow points at a number < 9) = 8
=1
H

Q25. In Fig, QR QT 2 Marks

= and ∠1 = ∠2. Show that △PQS ∼ △TQR.
AT

QS PR
M

Ans: Given : QR QT
QS
= PR
and ∠1 = ∠2
To prove : △PQS ∼ △TQR
Proof: ln △PQR
∠1 = ∠2
∠PQR = ∠PRQ
⇒ PQ = PR
QR QT
QS
= PR
QR QS
QT
= PR
QR QS
QT
= QP
( ∴ QP = PR proved above)
∠1 is a common angle
By SAS similarity
△PQS ∼ △TQR
Hence proved.
Section C
Q26. 3 Marks
 A contractor plans to install two slides for the children to play in a park. For the children below the age of 5 years, she prefers to
have a slide whose top is at a height of 1.5 m, and is inclined at an angle of 30° to the ground, whereas for elder children, she
wants to have a steep slide at a height of 3m, and inclined at an angle of 60° to the ground. What should be the length of the slide
in each case?

Ans:

In △ ABC.
AB - height of the slide.
AC - Length of the slide.
AB
sin30 ∘ = AC
1 1.5
2
= AC
⇒ AC = 1.5 × 2
= 3 m.
In △ DEF.
DF - Length of the slide.
DE - Height of the slide.
DE
sin60 ∘ = DF
√3 3
2
= DF
6
⇒ DF =
√3
6 √3
= ×
√3 √3
6√ 3
= 3
= 2√3 S
C
The length of the slide for children below 5 years = 3 m.
LI
The length of the slide for elder children = 2√3 m.
Q27. Prove that 3 + 2√5 is irrational. 3 Marks
O

Ans: Let us assume, to the contrary that 3 + 2√5 is rational.

H

That is, we can find coprime a and b (b ≠ 0)

AT

a
such that 3 + 2√5 = b
a
Therefore, = 3 + 2√ 5
M

b
a − 3b
⇒ b
= 2√5
a − 3b a 3
⇒ 2b
= √5 ⇒ 2b
− 2
a 3
Since a and b are integers, we get 2b
− 2
is rational. and so √5 is rational.
But this contradicts the fact that √5 is irrational.
This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that 3 + 2√5 is rational
So, we conclude that 3 + 2√5 is irrational.
Q28. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right angle at the centre. Find the area of the corresponding: 3 Marks
1. minor segment.
2. major sector. (Use π = 3.14)

Ans:

1. Let AB be the chord of the circle with centre O

∴ Radius AO = OB = 10 cm
 θ
Area of minor sector = × π r2
360 ∘
90 22
= 360
× 7
× 10 × 10
550
= 7
cm 2
= 78.571 cm 2
AB
In ΔOAB, sin90 ∘ = OA
1
∴ AB = 10 cm, Area of ΔOAB = 2
× 10 × 10 = 50 cm 2
Area of minor segment = 78.5 - 50 = 28.5 cm2
2. For the major sector θ = (360 ∘ − 90 ∘ ) = 270 ∘
270 22
Area of major sector = 360
× 7
× 10 × 10
550
= ×3
7
= 78.571 × 3
= 235.713 cm2.
Q29. Find the sums given below: 3 Marks
–5 + (–8) + (–11) + ..... + (–230)

Ans: –5 + (–8) + (–11) + ..... + (–230)

Here First term = a = -5, Common difference = d = -8 - (-5) = -8 + 5 = -3 And Last term = l = -230
We do not know how many terms are there in the given AP.
So, we need to find n first.
Using formula a n = a + (n − 1)d, to find nth term of arithmetic progression,
[−5 + (n − 1) (−3)] = −230
⇒ −5 − 3n + 3 = −230
⇒ −3n = −228 ⇒ n = 76
Therefore, there are 76 terms in the given AP. S
C
It means n = 76.
n
Applying formula, S n = 2 (a + l) to find sum of n terms of AP,
LI

76
S 76 = ( − 5 − 230) = 38 × ( − 235) = − 8930
O

2
Q30. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4, –1) and (–2, –3). 3 Marks
H
AT

Ans: We want to find coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4, –1) and (–2, –3).
We are given AC = CD = DB
We want to find coordinates of point C and D.
M

Let coordinates of point C be (x1, y1) and let coordinates of point D be (x2, y2).
Clearly, point C divides line segment AB in 1 : 2 and point D divides line segment AB in 2 : 1.
Using Section Formula to find coordinates of point C which divides join of (4, –1) and (–2, –3)
we get,
1× ( −2) +2×4 −2+8 6
x1 = = = =2
1+2 3 3
1× ( −3) +2× ( −1) −3−2 −5
y1 = = =
1+2 3 3
Using Section Formula to find coordinates of point D which divides join of (4, –1) and (–2, –3), we get
2× ( −2) +1×4 −4+4 0
x2 = 1+2 3
=3
= =0
2× ( −3) +1× ( −1) −6−1 −7
y2 = 1+2
= 3
= 3
5 7
Therefore, coordinates of point C are (2, − 3)
and coordinates of point D are (0, −
3 )
Q31. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs 27 for a 3 Marks
book kept for seven days, while Susy paid Rs 21 for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each
extra day.

Ans: Let the fixed charge be Rs. a and the charge for each extra day be Rs. b.
Then, according to the given conditions,
a+ 4b = 27…(i)
[Extra days = 7 - 3 = 4]
a+ 2b = 21…(ii)
[Extra days = 5 - 3 = 2]
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i), we get
 2b = 6
6
⇒ b= =3
2
Substituting this value of b in equation (ii), we get
a+ 2(3) = 21
⇒ a + 6 = 21
⇒ a = 21 − 6 = 15
Hence, the fixed charges one Rs. 15 and the charge for each extra day is Rs. 3.
Section D
Q32. Prove the following identities, where the angles involved are acute angles for which the expressions are defined: 5 Marks
tan θ cot θ
+ = 1 + secθcosec θ
1 − cot θ 1 − tan θ

Ans: L.H.S. tan θ cot θ

1 − cot θ
+ 1 − tan θ
sin θ cos θ
cos θ sin θ
= cos θ + sin θ
1 − sin θ 1 − cos θ
sin θ cos θ
cos θ sin θ
= sin θ − cos θ
+ cos θ − sin θ
sin θ cos θ
sin θ sin θ cos θ cos θ
= cos θ
× sin θ − cos θ
+ sin θ
× cosθ − sin θ
sin 2 θ 2
cos θ
= cos θ ( sin θ − cos θ )
+ sin θ ( cos θ − sin θ )
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
= cos θ ( sin θ − cos θ )
− sin θ ( sin θ − cos θ )
sin 3 θ − cos 3 θ
= sin θcos θ ( sin θ − cos θ )
( sin θ − cos θ ) ( sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ + sin θcos θ )
= sin θcos θ ( sin θ − cos θ )
3 3
[ ∵ a − b = (a − b)(a + b + ab)] 2 2 S
C
1 + sin θcos θ
= sin θcos θ
[ ∵ sin 2θ + cos 2θ = 1]
LI

1 sin θcos θ
= sin θcos θ
+ sin θcos θ
O

1 1
= sin θcos θ
+1=1+ sin θcos θ
H

= 1 + secθcosec θ
AT

OR
Q32. (b)
M

Prove the following identities, where the angles involved are acute angles for which the expressions are defined:
cos A 1 + sin A
1 + sin A
+ cos A
= 2secA

Ans: cos A 1 + sin A

L.H.S 1 + sin A cos A
+
cos A + ( 1 + sin A ) 2
2
=
( 1 + sin A ) cos A
cos 2 A + 1 + sin 2 A + 2sin A
=
( 1 + sin A ) cos A
cos 2 A + sin 2 A + 1 + 2sin A
= ( 1 + sin A ) cos A
1 + 1 + 2sin A
= ( 1 + sin A ) cos A
[ ∵ sin 2θ + cos 2θ = 1]
2 + 2sin A 2 ( 1 + sin A )
= ( 1 + sin A ) cos A
= ( 1 + sin A ) cos A
2
= cos A
= 2secA = R.H.S
Q33. A 1.2 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the wind in a horizontal line at a height of 88.2 m from the ground. The angle of 5 Marks
elevation of the balloon from the eyes of the girl at any instant is 60°. After some time, the angle of elevation reduces to 30°. Find
the distance travelled by the balloon during the interval.
Ans:

The height of the girl = l .2 m

Height of the balloon above the ground level = 88.2 m
BE is the distance traveled by the balloon during the interval.
In △ CDE,
DE
tan30 ∘ = CE
1 88.2
= CE
√3
CE = 88.2√3 m
In △ ABC
AB
tan60 ∘ =
BC
88.2
√3 =
BC =
BC
88.2 S
C
√3
EB = EC - BC
LI

88.2
= 88.2√3 −
O

√3
1
EB = 88.2 ( √ 3 − √3 )
H

3−1
= 88.2 ( )
AT

√3
2 ( 88.2 ) √3
= ×
M

√3 √3
= 102 m.
Q34. A life insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. Calculate the median age, if policies 5 Marks
are given only to persons having age 18 years onwards but less than 60 year.
Age (in years) Number of policy holders
Below 20 2
Below 25 6
Below 30 24
Below 35 45
Below 40 78
Below 45 89
Below 50 92
Below 55 98
Below 20 100

Ans: Age (in years) Number of policy holders Cumulative frequency

Below 20 2 2
Below 25 6 6
Below 30 24 24
Below 35 45 45
Below 40 78 78
Below 45 89 89
 Below 50 92 92
Below 55 98 98
Below 20 100 100
n 100
Here n = 100, 2
= 2
= 50
The observation lies in the class 35 - 40
Lower limit (I) = 35
c.f. - cumulative frequency of the class proceeding the interval 35 - 40 = 45.
frequency (f) of the median class 35 - 40 = 33
class size (h) = 5
n

( ) 2
− cf
median = l + ×h
f
50 − 45
= 35 + ( 33 )×5
5
= 35 + 33
×5
= 35.76
∴ The median age is 35.76 years.
Q35. In Fig., XY and X′Y′ are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another tangent AB with point of contact C intersecting 5 Marks
XY at A and X′Y′ at B. Prove that ∠ AOB = 90°.

Ans: figure, XY and X’Y’ are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another tangent AB with point of contact C intersecting
XY at A and X’Y’ at B.
To Prove: ∠AOB = 90° S
C
Construction: Join OC
Proof: ∠OPA = 90° ……….(i)
LI
O
H
AT

∠OCA = 90° ……….(ii)

[Tangent at any point of a circle is ⊥ to the radius through the point of contact]
M

In right angled triangles OPA and OCA,

∠OPA = ∠OCA = 90°
OA = OA [Common]
AP = AC [Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal]
∴ △OPA ≅ △OCA
[RHS congruence criterion]
∴ ∠OAP = ∠OAC [By C.P.C.T.]
1
⇒ ∠OAC = 2
∠PAB ……….(iii)
Similarly, ∠OBQ = ∠OBC
1
⇒ ∠OBC = ∠QBA ……….(iv)
2
∵ XY || X’Y’ and a transversal AB intersects them.
∴ ∠PAB + ∠QBA = 180º
[Sum of the consecutive interior angles on the same side of the transversal is 180º]
Adding equation (iii) & (iv)
1 1
∠OAC + ∠OBC = ∠PAB + ∠QBA
2 2
1
∠OAC + ∠OBC = 2
× 180º
∠OAC + ∠OBC = 90º
In △AOB,
∠OAC + ∠OBC + ∠AOB = 180º
[Angel sum property of a triangle]
90º + ∠AOB = 180º [From eq. (v)]
 ∠AOB = 90º
Hence proved.
OR
Q35. (b)
To conduct Sports Day activities, in your rectangular shaped school ground ABCD, lines have been drawn with chalk powder at a
distance of 1m each. 100 flower pots have been placed at a distance of 1m from each other along AD, as shown in figure. Nibarika
1 th 1 th
tuns the distance AD on the 2nd line and posts a green flag. Preet runs the distance AD on the eighth line and posts a red
4 5
flag. What is the distance between both the flags? If Rashmi has to post a blue flag exactly halfway between the line segment
joining the two flags, where should she post her flag?

Ans: Niharika runs 14th of the distance AD on the 2nd line and posts a green flag.
There are 100 flower pots. It means, she stops at 25th flower pot.
Therefore, the coordinates of point where she stops are (2m, 25m).
Preet runs 15th of the distance AD on the eighth line and posts a red flag. There are 100 flower pots. It means, she stops at 20th
flower pot.
Therefore, the coordinates of point where she stops are (8, 20).
Using Distance Formula to find distance between points (2m, 25m) and (8m, 20m), we get
S
C
d= √(2 − 8) 2 + (25 − 20) 2 = √( − 6) 2 + 52 = √36 + 25 = √61m
LI

Rashmi posts a blue flag exactly halfway the line segment joining the two flags.
O

Using section formula to find the coordinates of this point, we get

2+8 10
H

x= 2
= 2
=5
25 + 20 45
AT

y= =
2 2
45 45
Therefore, coordinates of point, where Rashmi posts her flag are 5, ( 2 )( 5,
2 )
M

45
It means she posts her flag in 5th line after covering 2
= 22.5 m of distance.

Section E
Q36. A small terrace at a football ground comprises of 15 steps each of which is 50 m long and built of solid concrete. 4 Marks
1 1
Each step has a rise of 4
m and a tread of 2
m. (see Fig.) Calculate the total volume of concrete required to build the terrace.

Ans: Volume of concrete required to build the first step, second step, third step, ……. (in m2) are
1 1 1 1 1 1
4
× 2
× 50, 2 × ( 4)
× 2 × 50, (3 × 4 ) × 2 × 50, . . . .
50 50 50
⇒ 8
, 2× 8
, 3× 8
, ....
50 50 50
∴ Total volume of concrete required = 8
+2× 8
+3× 8
+.....
50
= 8
[1 + 2 + 3 + . . . . ]
50 15
= 8
× 2
[2 × 1 + (15 − 1) × 1][ ∴ n = 15]
50 15
= 8
× 2
× 16
= 750 m3
Q37. Prove the following identities, where the angles involved are acute angles for which the expressions are defined: 4 Marks
2
1 + tan A 1 − tan A
( 1 + cot A ) = ( 1 − cot A ) 2 = tan2A
2

Ans: 1 + tan 2 A sec 2 A

L.H.S ( 1 + cot A ) = cosec A
2 2

[ ∵ 1 + tan 2θ = sec 2θ, 1 + cot 2θ = cosec 2θ]

1 sin 2 A
= × = tan 2A = R.H.S.
cos 2 A 1

( 1 − cot A )2 = ( 1 − )
1 − tan A 1 − tan A 2
Now, Middle side = 1
tan A

= ( 1 − tan A 2
tan A − 1
tan A
)
= ( 1 − tan A
− ( 1 − tan A )
tan A
) 2 = ( − tanA) 2

2
= tan A = R.H.S
Q38. Sides AB and AC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional to sides PQ and PR and median PM of another 4 Marks
triangle PQR. Show that △ABC ∼ △PQR.

Ans: Given: Triangle ABC and △PQR in which AD and PM are medians drawn on sides BC and QR respectively. It is given that:
AB AC AD
PQ
= PR
= PM
To Prove : △ABC ∼ △PQR
Const: Produce AD to E such that AD = DE and PM to F such that PM = MF.

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C
LI

Proof: In △ABD and △CDE,

O

AD = DE [by construction]
H

∠ADB = ∠CDE
[vertically opposite angles]
AT

and BD = DC [AD is a median]

Therefore, by using SAS congruent condition
M

△ABD ≅ △CDE
⇒ AB = CE [by CPCT]
Similarly, we can prove
△PQM = △RMF
⇒ PQ = RF [by CPCT]
It is given that:
AB AC AD
PQ
= PR
= PM

⇒
CE
RF
=
AC
PR
=
2AD
2PM [ ∴ AB = CE
PQ = RF ]
CE AC AE
⇒ RF
= PR
= PF
Therefore, by using SSS congruent condition
△ACE ≅ △PRF
⇒ ∠1 = ∠2 . . . . . (i)
Similarly, ∠3 = ∠4 . . . . . (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
∠1 + ∠3 = ∠2 + ∠4
∠A = ∠P
Now, in △ABC and △PQR
AB AC
PQ
= PR
and ∠A = ∠P
Therefore, by using SAS similar condition
△ABC ∼ △PQR Hence Proved.

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C
LI
O
H
AT
M