C O N T E N T S

Introduction by Gordon M. Fair xiii

CHAPTER I: SCOPE

1. Elasticity and Plasticity 1

2. Homogeneity 2
3. Isotropy 3
4. Theory and Experiments 4
5. Relation to "Mechanics of Materials," "Structural Mechanics," and
"Soil Mechanics" 5
6. One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Problems of Elasticity 6

CHAPTER II: HISTORICAL NOTES

7. Works on the History 8

8. Origins, 1636-1820 9
9 . Period of the Founding of the Three-Dimensional Theory of Elasticity,
1820-1830 11
10. Period of the Classics, 1830-1900 13
11. Books since 1900 20
12. Trends since 1900 21
13. Two Examples of Experimentation 21
14. The Strangely Late Discovery of the Shear Center in Beams 22
15. Stress Functions, Strain Functions, and Analogies 23
16. Use of Principles of Minimum Energy 28
17. Photoelasticity 31
18. Bending of Slabs or Plates 32
19. Instability, Buckling, and Stabilization by Load 37
20. Theory of Plasticity 39
21. Deformation Method in Structured Mechanics, and the Methods of
Successive Approximation by Moment Distribution and Relaxation 41
22. Analysis of sui Arch Dam as an Example of a Satisfactory Solution
of a Complex Problem by Imperfect Methods 43
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CHAPTER III: STRESS

23. Notation for Stress 46

24. Uniform State of Stress 48
25. Uniform Plane State of Stress 49
26. The Dyadic Circle 51
27. Extension to Certain Problems of a Three-Dimensional State of
Stress 55
28. Note on Vectors 55
29. Uniform Three-Dimensional State of Stress 57
30. Stress Tensor 58
31. Principal Stresses and Lamé's Stress Ellipsoid 59
32. Shearing Stresses 61
33. Mohr's Circles 61
34. Mohr's Hypotheses on Limits of Stress 64
35. Octahedral Stress 66
36. Principal Stresses and the Octahedral Stress Determined from Six
Components of Stress 67
37. Stress Deviations 69
38. Direction of the Octahedral Stress 72
39. Stress Quadric and Two Additional Surfaces That Represent the
Stress Tensor 73
40. Differential Equations of Equilibrium of a Nonuniform State of
Stress 75

CHAPTER IV: STRAIN, HOOKE'S LAW, THE BASIC EQUATION OF

ELASTICITY, AND THE SIMPLEST POSSIBLE LAWS OF PLASTICITY

41. Displacement, Strain, and Detrusion 78

42. Hooke's Law 79
43. Vector Strain, Analysis of Strains sis If They Were Stresses, and the
Strain Tensor 83
44. Determination of Strain Tensor from Measured Strains 85
45. Note on Laplace's Operator 87
46. The Basic Differential Equation of Elasticity and the Principle of
Superposition 87
47. Love's Notation and Lamé's Constants 88
48. The Special Case in Which Poisson's Ratio Is £ 89
49. Plane State of Stress in a Plate 90
50. Compatibility of Strains and Detrusions 91
51. Cylindrical Coordinates 91
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52. Octahedral Strain 95
53. Plastic Strain Deviations and Plastic Detrusions 95
54. The Simplest Conceivable Laws of Plasticity 95
55. Comments on Departures from the Simplest Laws of Plasticity 97

CHAPTER V: STRAIN POTENTIAL AND APPLICATIONS TO HOLLOW

CYLINDERS AND SPHERES, INERTIA FORCES, AND
THERMAL STRESSES

56. Strain Potential 100

57. Lamé's Formulas for Stresses in Hollow Cylinders; Example of
Stress Concentration 102
58. Lamé's Formulas for Stresses in Hollow Spheres 104
59. Disk with Circumferential Shear at Inner and Outer Concentric Cir-
cular Edges 106
60. Resultant Force on Surface of Revolution When Stresses Are Sym-
metric about Axis 107
61. Two Examples 108
62. Body Forces 111
63. Circular Disk Rotating about Its Axis of Revolution 113
64. Thermal Stresses 114
65. Examples of Thermal Stresses 116

CHAPTER VI: GALERKIN VECTOR, TWINNED GRADIENT, AND

APPLICATIONS INCLUDING EFFECTS OF A S I N G L E FORCE

66. Galerkin Vector 119

67. Relation to the Strain Potential 122
68. Galerkin Vector When Poisson's Ratio Is £ 123
69. The Galerkin Vector Supplies a General Solution of the Basic Equa-
tion of Elasticity 123
70. Equivalent Galerkin Vectors 124
71. Note on Harmonic and Biharmonic Functions 125
72. Galerkin Vector kZ and Love's Strain Function for Solids of Revo-
lution 129
73. Example of a Vertical Load on the Horizontal Surface of an Extended
Solid 131
74. Kelvin's Problem of a Single Force Applied in the Interior of an
Extended Solid 133
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75. Kelvin's Problem When Poisson's Ratio Is £ 135
76. Boussinesq's Problem of a Normal Force and Cerruti's of a Tangential
Force on the Plane Surface of a Semi-infinite Solid When Poisson's
Ratio Is 4 136
77. The Twinned Gradient and Its Application to Determine the Effects
of a Change of Poisson's Ratio 137
78. Boussinesq's Problem When Poisson's Ratio Has Any Value 139
79. Cerruti's Problem When Poisson's Ratio Has Any Value 141
80. Mindlin's Problem, Part I: Vertical Force Applied at Some Distance
below the Horizontal Surface of a Semi-infinite Solid 142
81. Mindlin's Problem, Part II: Horizontal Force Applied at Some
Distance below the Horizontal Surface of a Semi-infinite Solid 145
82. Thick Disk Rotating about Its Axis of Revolution 148
83. Strain Potentiell φ(Λ, a) and Love's Strain Function in Polar
Coordinates 151
84. Stress Concentration at a Small Spherical Hole 154
85. Deflections of the Surface of a Semi-infinite Solid under Various
Normal Loads 157
86. Pressures Transmitted between Two Solids with Smoothly Curved
Surfaces through a Small Area of Contact 163

Index of Authors 171

Index of Subjects 173