User’s Guide

for JOPES
(Joint Operation Planning and Execution System)

1 May 1995
 T o successfully fight and win
wars, war planning must be our
central focus. We will develop the
best possible plans using the collec-
tive wisdom available among all mili-
tary planning staffs.

As forces are downsized, we must ef-

ficiently plan to use the resources en-
trusted us by the American people.
While the new world security environ-
ment evolves, diverse threats to our
national interests frequently require
large and complex operations. The
larger and more complex the operation,
the more it critically depends on a com-
prehensive planning system to ensure any measure of success.

Future plans must incorporate, to the maximum extent possible, the warfighting employ-
ment principles outlined in joint doctrine; Joint Pubs 3-0 and 5-0 (Joint Operations and
Planning for Joint Operations, respectively). In addition, future plans must be prudent
and relevant to current and projected threats. Plans must clearly explain how and why
forces are employed, in addition to what forces are to be deployed and when.

The products of our planning efforts must be able to stand up to the strongest scrutiny,
including the ultimate test--execution.

I strongly recommend reading this guide--it encapsulates fundamental JOPES planning

principles and procedures for both deliberate and crisis action planners.

JOHN M. SHALIKASHVILI
Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................. i

INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1
JOPES PUBLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS ............ 5
THE JOPES PROCESS ................................................... 6
Campaign Planning ........................................................................... 7
Deliberate Planning ........................................................................... 8
Crisis Action Planning ....................................................................... 9
Deliberate Plans .............................................................................. 10
JOPES ADP SUPPORT SYSTEM ................................ 13
Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data ..................................... 14
The Global Command and Control System ..................................... 18
CONCLUSION................................................................. 20
GLOSSARY ................................................................. GL-1
(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Joint warfare is essential to our Nation's JOPES is the Chairman of the Joint
capability to fight and win. The nature Chiefs of Staff’s (Chairman’s) joint
of modern warfare demands we plan planning system. It covers the plan-
and fight as a team. For joint forces to ning spectrum from the National Com-
win in battle they must have a single, mand Authorities (NCA) through the
unified planning and execution frame- Chairman, to the combatant com-
work capable of translating individual manders (the CINCs) and the joint
Service terminology and operational task force commanders. JOPES gov-
policies into a commonly understood erns all aspects of conventional joint
language and standard operating pro- military operations planning and execu-
cedures. tion. It is the tool used by all echelons
of planners and operators to speak a
The Joint Operation Planning and Ex- commonly understood language.
ecution System (JOPES) combines in-
dividual Service terminology and op- JOPES furnishes joint commanders
erating procedures into one standard and war planners at all levels standard-
multifaceted system. It provides stan- ized policies, procedures, and formats
dardization to the joint planning system to produce and execute a variety of
used for the execution of complex required tasks to include:
multi-Service exercises, campaigns and
operations. JOPES uses a set of com- ú planning — writing operation plans
mand and control techniques and pro- (OPLANs), operation plans in con-
cesses, supported by a computerized cept format (CONPLANs), func-
information system, to ensure the right tional plans, campaign plans, and
amount of timely support gets to the operation orders (OPORDs); and
warfighter to ensure a decisive victory.
ú execution and deployment
(time-phased force and deployment
This primer will explain what JOPES
data [TPFDD]) management —
is — and what it is not. It is written
defining requirements for, and gain-
for commanders and war planners,
ing visibility of, the movement of
new and novice users of JOPES, and
forces into the combatant com-
those who have only a peripheral rela-
manders' area of responsibility
tionship with the system. If understood
(AOR).
and used properly, JOPES becomes a
combat multiplier, increasing our effi-
ciency in joint planning and execution.

User's Guide for

i
JOPES
JOPES is not simply a computer sys- ú prioritize, replan, and track deploy-
tem. It does include automated data ment status during execution, and
processing (ADP) support for planners
and commanders by providing both ú refine deployment requirements and
hardware (computers) and software monitor the deployment.
(programs) to facilitate joint operation
JOPES deliberate and crisis action
planning and execution. JOPES ADP
planning is described in detail in JOPES
resides in the computer network of the
Volumes I and II, and in the Chairman
World-Wide Military Command and
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Manual
Control System (WWMCCS), sched-
(CJCSM), TPFDD Development and
uled to be replaced in September 1995
Deployment Execution.
by the Global Command and Control
System (GCCS). The JOPES software
applications support a variety of plan- JOPES is, in the truest sense of the
ning and execution functions. Together, word, a System. It is not merely a com-
the computer hardware and software puter! It is not a series of computer
systems assist the planners to: software programs! It is not just a stan-
dardized set of policies, procedures, and
ú develop detailed deployment re- formats for conducting planning and
quirements, execution! It is the sum of all these
parts! The goal of this primer is to pro-
ú estimate logistics and transportation vide the reader a fundamental under-
requirements and assess operation standing of this system and the inter-
plan transportation feasibility, action of its parts.

ii User's Guide for

JOPES
 INTRODUCTION

The Joint Operation JOPES is a combination of joint policies and proce-

Planning and Execution dures (guidance), and automated data processing
System (JOPES) is the (ADP) support used to plan and execute joint mili-
integrated system used tary operations. Although JOPES (and its related
to plan and execute joint systems) has been used for over 20 years to sup-
military operations. port the development of operation plans and time-
phased force and deployment data (TPFDD), the
current automated system was given its first real
baptism of fire in Operation Desert Shield to assist
in managing a real world operational deployment.
Since then, JOPES ADP has been used in virtually
every deployment. Even though its performance is
far from ideal, it has become an integral part of our
ability to deploy forces.

JOPES is a combination This primer provides a general overview of JOPES.

of joint policies and pro- Its purpose is to correct the common misconcep-
cedures, supported by tion that JOPES is only an ADP system by explain-
automated data process- ing in clear and succinct terms what JOPES truly
ing (ADP), designed to is. This document is intended to be used as a com-
provide joint command- panion piece to the User's Guide to Joint Opera-
ers and planners with a tion Planning, dated 11 September 1994. That
capability to plan and document provides a more detailed overview of joint
conduct joint military planning principles.
operations.

In war, nothing is achieved except by calculation. Everything

that is not soundly planned in its detail yields no result.

The Maxims of Napoleon

1
 The Joint Operation Planning and Execution System

Joint Operation Planning

NCA
campaign planning
Policy
Decisions
Crisis
Deliberate
Action
Planning
Planning

JOPES
Publications
& Documents JOPES
ADP
OPLAN
OPLAN
OPLAN
OPLAN
OPLAN
OPLAN
OPLAN Support Joint
Warfighting
O PO RD or
C ampaign Pla n Operations

figure 1

JOPES provides a stan- Figure 1 depicts the various parts of JOPES. JOPES
dardized framework for is the principal system within the Department of
joint military planning Defense (DOD) to translate NCA policy decisions
and execution. The into the joint combatant commander’s air, land and
scope of JOPES is far sea operations. It does this by precisely defining
broader than is gener- DOD war planning and execution policies, desig-
ally understood. nating specific procedures and formats, and pro-
viding ADP support to convert NCA decisions into
joint operation plans. Joint operation plans are the
blueprints for joint operations.

2 User's Guide for

JOPES
 The Joint Planning and Execution Community (JPEC)

THE PRESIDENT AND SECDEF (NCA)

NCA
THE NATIONAL NSC CIA
SECURITY COUNCIL (NSC)
STATE DEPT DOD

CJCS
COMBAT SUPPORT AGENCIES
SUPPORTED
COMMAND
THE JOINT PLANNING AND
SUBORDINATE COMMANDS
SERVICES EXECUTION COMMUNITY (JPEC)
U U U U U
S S S S S
COMPONENT COMMANDS
F A A N M C
U F C G
N LOGISTICS AGENCIES
A A N S M C
J R F A O A T
T I USTRANSCOM
F F V F R
F O O F F O M A M
SUBORDINATE SUPPORTING
R R O O N T M S
UNIFIED A M C C
COMMANDS
COMMANDS R R
L C

JOPES
figure 2

The players in the joint planning process, as illus-

trated in figure 2, include the National Command
Authorities (NCA) and the Joint Planning and Ex-
ecution Community (JPEC).

The National Command The President and Secretary of Defense, as the

Authorities (NCA) set NCA, sit atop the pyramid. They provide the ulti-
national policy and stra- mate decision on national policy and overall strate-
tegic direction. gic direction of the U.S. Armed Forces. They are
supported by the executive departments and orga-
nizations within the Office of the President, prima-
rily the National Security Council (NSC).

The National Security The NSC is the principal forum to deliberate na-
Council (NSC) System tional security policy issues. The NSC provides the
supports the NCA in the framework to establish national security strategy
execution of their policy and policy decisions for implementation by the Presi-
decisions. dent in his role as commander-in-chief. The Presi-
dent either issues orders directly to the military to
implement his national security strategy or he man-
dates military action by using directives. These di-

3
 rectives can take the form of: the national security
strategy document, national security directives,
presidential directives, or executive orders.

The Joint Planning and As depicted in the lower portion of the pyramid,
Execution Community the JPEC consists of those headquarters, com-
(JPEC) plans and con- mands, and agencies involved in the training, prepa-
ducts joint operation ration, movement, reception, employment, support,
plans. and sustainment of military forces assigned to a
theater of operations. The JPEC principals are the
Chairman and the Joint Staff, who publish the task-
assigning documents, review the products, and ap-
prove the final version of peacetime plans. The
supported commands and their subordinates are re-
sponsible for developing and executing operation
plans and orders. The Services and their logistics
agencies play a key support role by organizing,
equipping, training, and maintaining forces for the
combatant commands.

JOPES is a system which JOPES is a system which translates NCA deci-

includes: sions into combatant commander's joint opera-
tions. It includes:

publications and docu- ú a set of publications and documents, which

ments, guide the development of OPLANs and
OPORDs

an operation planning ú an operation planning process, which devel-

process, and ops deliberate plans (OPLANS) and operation
orders (OPORD), and

an ADP support system. ú an ADP support system, which provides the

data processing support required for the devel-
opment of OPLANs and OPORDs.

4 User's Guide for

JOPES
 JOPES PUBLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS

There are three primary JOPES publications establish the formats and guid-
JOPES publications: ance to govern warplan (OPLAN and OPORD)
development by joint force commanders:

JOPES Volume I, ú Joint Publication 5-03.1, Joint Operation

Planning and Execution System, Volume I,
(Planning Policies and Procedures), dated 4
August 1993, (to be staffed as CJCSM 3122.01);
JOPES Volume II, and ú Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Manual
(CJCSM) 3122.03 draft, Joint Operation
Planning and Execution System, Volume II,
(Planning Formats and Guidance), dated 13
October 1994; and
CJCSM 3122.02. ú TPFDD Development and Deployment Ex-
ecution, dated 9 December 1994.

JOPES Volume I defines Volume I provides the guidance commanders and

the process for both de- their staffs use to develop and execute joint opera-
liberate planning and tions. It provides specific, detailed, and standard-
crisis action planning. ized procedures and guidance for:

ú conducting deliberate planning,

ú writing OPLANs, CONPLANs (with and with-
out TPFDD), and functional plans,
ú conducting crisis action planning, and
ú writing OPORDs.

JOPES Volume I also provides specific formats

and checklists used for crisis response by command-
ers and their staffs during crisis action planning.

5
JOPES Volume II pro- Volume II is a set of instructions (standardized
vides the administrative procedures) used by commanders and their staffs
instructions and formats to write OPLANs, CONPLANs, and functional
for developing joint op- plans.
eration plans.

CJCSM 3122.02 pro- CJCSM 3122.02 provides guidance for the ex-
vides policies and proce- ecution and management of real world deploy-
dures for deployment ex- ments.
ecution.

Joint Operation Planning

cam paign plan nin g

Delib erate Crisis Action

Planning P lann in g

OP LAN CO NPLA N Fu nctional Cam p aign OP OR D

w/TPF DD Plan P lan
C ONP LAN
w/o TP F DD
figure 3

THE JOPES PROCESS

Three planning catego- Plans are developed under different processes de-
ries fall within the scope pending on the focus of the specific plan (figure 3).
of joint operation plan- They are campaign, deliberate, and crisis action plan-
ning: ning. These processes are interrelated; campaign
planning principles contribute to both deliberate and
• campaign planning,
crisis action planning.
• deliberate planning,
and
• crisis action plan-
ning.
6 User's Guide for
JOPES
 Campaign Planning

Campaign planning is Campaign planning allows CINCs to translate na-

the responsibility of the tional strategy and objectives into unified plans for
combatant commander. military action by specifying how operations and
Though it is not a struc- logistics will be used to achieve success within a
tured formal process given space and time. It embodies the combatant
like deliberate and cri- commander’s strategic vision of the related opera-
sis action planning, cam- tions necessary to attain theater strategic objec-
paign planning prin- tives.
ciples apply to both.
Campaign planning If the scope of contemplated operations requires it,
helps facilitate a transi- campaign planning begins with deliberate planning.
tion from deliberate to It continues through crisis action planning, thus uni-
crisis action planning. fying both planning processes. The degree to which
the deliberate plan may serve as the core for a cam-
paign plan is dependent on the plan assumptions,
commander's intent, and available resources. Cam-
paign planning and its relation to joint operation plan-
ning is discussed in detail in Joint Pub 5-0 Doctrine
for Planning Joint Operations, dated 15 August
1994.

War plans cover every aspect of a war, and weave them all into a
single operation that must have a single, ultimate objective in which
all particular aims are reconciled.

Clausewitz, On War

7
 Deliberate Planning

Deliberate planning in- The deliberate planning process develops joint op-
volves a structured pro- eration plans for contingencies identified in joint
cess using the JOPES strategic planning documents. These planning docu-
five-phased methodol- ments include the Secretary of Defense's annual
ogy: "Contingency Planning Guidance" (CPG) (which
provides written policy guidance for contingency
planning) and the Chairman’s "Joint Strategic Ca-
pabilities Plan" (JSCP) (which provides guidance
to the CINCs and Service Chiefs for accomplish-
ing military tasks and missions based on current
military capabilities). Deliberate planning is com-
pleted in five phases based on JOPES guidance.
i. Initiation, ú Phase I, initiation, specifies strategic objectives
and planning assumptions, specifies the type of
plan for each task, and apportions major com-
bat and strategic forces to the CINCs for plan-
ning. This information is provided to the CINCs
in the JSCP.
ii. Concept develop- ú In response to the JSCP assigned task, the
ment, CINCs, during Phase II, concept develop-
ment, conduct mission analysis, identify friendly
and enemy centers of gravity, determine the
commander's overall intent for the operation and
develop the staff estimates. The final result of
Phase II is a CINC's strategic concept, which
is submitted to the Chairman, as required, for
review and approval.

iii. Plan development, ú After the CINC's strategic concept is approved,

Phase III, plan development, begins with full
plan development and documentation. This pro-
cess produces force, support, and transporta-
tion planning documents to support the CINC's
concept of operations. This process will be dis-
cussed in detail later in this primer, during dis-
cussions on TPFDD development.

8 User's Guide for

JOPES
iv. Plan review, and ú In Phase IV, plan review, the plan is reviewed
for adequacy, feasibility, acceptability, and com-
pliance with joint doctrine. Those plans requir-
ing approval by the Chairman will be reviewed
by the Joint Staff, Services, and combat support
agencies (CIO, DIA, DISA, DLA, DMA, and
NSA).

v. Supporting plans de- ú During Phase V, supporting plans develop-

velopment. ment, emphasis shifts to subordinate and sup-
porting commanders as they complete their plans
to augment the CINC's plan.

Crisis Action Planning (CAP)

Crisis Action Planning Crisis action planning, like deliberate planning, in-
(CAP) is conducted for volves a structured process following the guidance
the actual commitment established in JOPES publications. This planning
of allocated forces, process results in the time-sensitive development
based on an existing situ- of campaign plans and operation orders (OPORDs)
ation. for execution.
CAP follows a JOPES
prescribed six-phased
development process:

i. Situation develop- ú Phase I, situation development, is initiated with

ment, the perception or recognition of a crisis and re-
sults in the development of the CINC's assess-
ment.
ii. Crisis assessment, ú Phase II, crisis assessment, is the NCA and
Chairman's evaluation of the CINC's assessment
and determination whether a crisis is imminent.
iii. Course of action de- ú During Phase III, course of action develop-
velopment, ment, the NCA or the CINC develops one or
more courses of action. The CINC submits the
commander's estimate and recommendation to
the Chairman.

9
iv. Course of action se- ú In Phase IV, course of action selection, the
lection, NCA decides on a course of action.
v. Execution planning, ú In Phase V, execution planning, the CINC
and develops a campaign plan or OPORD, and
TPFDD.
vi. Execution. ú Phase VI, execution, is the NCA decision to
execute the campaign plan or OPORD.

The crisis action plan- OPORDs are prepared in prescribed JOPES for-
ning process results in mats during crisis action planning. They are in the
the time-sensitive devel- form of a directive issued by a commander to sub-
opment of joint operation ordinate commanders to effect the coordinated ex-
plans (campaign plans ecution of an operation.
and OPORDs) for ex-
ecution.

Deliberate Plans

Deliberate plans estab- Based on the Chairman's JSCP planning require-

lish a framework for ments, the CINCs prepare four types of deliberate
rapid transition to crisis plans; OPLANs, CONPLANs (with and without
response. There are four TPFDDs), and functional plans. These plans fa-
types of deliberate plans; cilitate the rapid transition to crisis response. Each
OPLANs, CONPLANs, plan has different JOPES procedural and format
CONPLANs with requirements. However, all follow the basic for-
TPFDDs, and func- mat of a five-paragraph order;
tional plans.

But in truth, the larger the command, the more time must go into
planning; the longer it will take to move troops into position, to
reconnoiter, to accumulate ammunition and other supplies, and
to coordinate other participating elements on the ground and in
the air. To a conscientious commander, time is the most vital
factor in his planning. By proper foresight and correct preliminary
action, he knows he can conserve the most precious elements
he controls -- the lives of his men.

General Mathew B. Ridgway, The Korean War

10 User's Guide for

JOPES
 1. Situation
2. Mission
3. Execution
4. Administration and logistics
5. Command and control

Operation Plan (OPLAN)

An OPLAN is a complete OPLANs are prepared when:

and detailed joint opera-
ú the contingency has a compelling national inter-
tion plan.
est and is critical to national security,
ú the nature (large scale) of the contingency re-
quires detailed prior planning for complex issues,
ú detailed planning contributes to deterrence,
ú detailed planning is required to support multina-
tional planning, or
ú detailed planning is necessary to determine spe-
cific force and sustainment requirements.
An OPLAN includes a full description of the con-
cept of operations using all documentation appli-
cable to a JOPES structured plan. It identifies the
specific forces, functional support, and resources
necessary to implement the plan and provides clo-
sure estimates for their movement into the theater.
OPLANs can be quickly converted to OPORDs.

OPLANs include:
• detailed annexes with ú may include as many as 20 JOPES prescribed
associated appendi- annexes with associated appendices and
ces and

• Time-Phased Force ú always include time-phased force and deploy-

and Deployment ment data (TPFDD). (TPFDDs are discussed
Data. in more detail later in this primer.)

11
 Because of the detailed nature of an OPLAN,
JOPES guidance requires a thorough presenta-
tion of the commander’s operational concept.
JOPES requires all annexes and appendices to con-
tain detailed information on the CINC’s concept
of operations, combat support, and combat ser-
vice support activities.

Operation Plan in Concept Format

(CONPLAN)

A CONPLAN is a joint A CONPLAN requires considerable expansion

operation plan in an ab- or alteration to convert into an OPLAN, campaign
breviated, "concept" for- plan, or OPORD. In a CONPLAN, all the ele-
mat. There are two ments of the basic OPLAN are included in sum-
types of CONPLANs: mary form except mission, situation, assumptions,
and concept of operations. These elements are
fully developed. The full complement of annexes
and appendices are not required in a CONPLAN.
CONPLANs contain a summary of logistics re-
quirements and major constraints regarding forces,
movement, or logistic support that significantly
affect implementation of the plan.

A CONPLAN without a A CONPLAN (without a TPFDD) is normally

TPFDD and required when:
ú the contingency has a less compelling interest
but is important to national security;
ú binational alliance or treaty arrangement re-
quires contingency planning by the signatory
countries;
ú the contingency is smaller in scale, requires less
detailed planning, and can be handled in the
near term with more general capabilities-based
concepts; or
ú no specific threat has been identified.

12 User's Guide for

JOPES
A CONPLAN with a A CONPLAN with TPFDD is a CONPLAN that
TPFDD. requires more detailed planning for the phased
deployment of forces. Like an OPLAN, it is pre-
pared when the contingency has a compelling na-
tional interest and is critical to national security—
however, it is not as likely to occur in the near term.
The larger scale of the possible contingency re-
quires more detailed planning than would normally
be conducted for a CONPLAN. Preparing a
CONPLAN with TPFDD follows the same JOPES
procedures as developing an OPLAN.

Functional Plans

Functional plans are de- Functional plans may also be developed by com-
veloped for specific mili- batant commanders to address “functional peace-
tary operations in a per- time operations” such as disaster relief, humanitar-
missive or non-hostile ian assistance, or peace operations. They may be
environment (for ex- developed in response to JSCP tasks, as a CINC
ample, intratheater lo- initiative, or as tasked by a Service or defense
gistics, communications, agency acting as an executive agent for the Secre-
and continuity of opera- tary of Defense (for example, military support to
tions). civil authorities).

Functional plans are structured as CONPLANs

(without a TPFDD), following published JOPES for-
mats. Annexes and appendices are developed as
required.

JOPES ADP SUPPORT SYSTEM

Except for TPFDD de- In crisis action planning, JOPES ADP support is
velopment, JOPES de- used to refine existing TPFDDs or develop new
liberate and crisis action ones. At execution, JOPES ADP manages the de-
planning is essentially a ployment of forces and their equipment into the Area
manual process. of Operations.

13
JOPES ADP is the larg- The World-Wide Military Command and Control
est of several software System (WWMCCS) family of computers provides
programs operating on the hardware supporting JOPES. It is an aging sys-
the WWMCCS inter- tem, currently scheduled to be replaced by the Glo-
computer network bal Command and Control System (GCCS) in Sep-
(WIN), a secure, world- tember 1995.
wide system of comput-
ers.
JOPES ADP helps plan- The JOPES ADP software is made up of hundreds
ners build and maintain of individual computer programs. The current soft-
TPFDDs. ware is designed to support deployment planning.
While this is crucial to deliberate planning, it can
not adequately support deployment/redeployment
during mobilization, employment, and sustainment.

Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data

(TPFDD)

A TPFDD is a computer database used to identify

types of forces and actual units required to support
an OPLAN or OPORD. In addition, TPFDDs con-
tain estimates of logistics support and designate
ports for loading (embarkation) and unloading (de-
barkation). Finally, the TPFDD, based on planner
input, establishes the sequence for moving the
forces and their support (time phasing) into the Area
of Operations. The time-phased forces, and their
associated cargo and passenger movement require-
ments, are used as the basis for actual transporta-
tion scheduling. JOPES ADP depends on Service
planning systems for these force and support re-
quirements. The JOPES data base is distributed
worldwide and provides a single information source
for movement status.

14 User's Guide for

JOPES
Developing a TPFDD
involves four main pro-
cesses:

Force planning, JOPES ADP helps planners build the force list during
force planning. Force planning begins when the
combatant commander identifies the major appor-
tioned forces needed to support his concept of op-
erations, and continues with the identification of
combat support and combat service support force
requirements. Initially, for gross planning estimates,
notional (generic) units may be designated. As the
process continues, however, actual units must be
identified.

Support planning, TPFDD development then shifts to support plan-

ning. Various software programs use the force list
to estimate time-phased lift requirements for sup-
plies, equipment, and replacement personnel needed
to sustain the forces specified during force plan-
ning. The quantities are determined using planning
models to derive gross quantities (weight and vol-
ume). Unique computer programs provide support
for specialized planning models such as civil engi-
neering and medical support.

JOPES [ADP] was the single tool which enabled this command
to oversee and coordinate the movement in record time of
over 400,000 personnel and six million tons of cargo.

General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, CINCCENT

We could not have conducted this enormous deployment

without JOPES [ADP].

General H.T. Johnson, CINCTRANS

15
 The Current TPFDD Development Process

Force
Planning

fail
feasibility
test ?

pass

Support
Planning

feasibility fail
test ?

fail
pass
pass
feasibility Transport
test ?
Planning

figure 4 JOPES ADP

Transportation plan- During transportation planning, all of the forces

ning, and are time-phased into the Area of Operations.
JOPES software compares apportioned transpor-
tation assets to the forces to be moved, factors in
their sustainment requirements and time-phasing,
and determines if the planned forces can be moved
to the Area of Operations to meet the CINC's
needs. The product of this process is a capabili-
ties- based, transportation-feasible database con-
taining all the forces, materiel, and personnel needed
to execute the CINC’s concept of operations. This
transportation-feasible database is the TPFDD.

Deployment/Redeploy- The process of developing the TPFDD with the

ment Execution. current JOPES ADP software is sequential (fig-
ure 4). This figure depicts the development of a

16 User's Guide for

JOPES
 TPFDD based on three of the main processes; force
planning, support planning, and transportation plan-
ning. Each process must be completed before pro-
ceeding to the next one. For example, force plan-
ning must be completed before support planning
begins, and support planning must be finished be-
fore starting transportation planning. Also, it may
be necessary to drop back to revisit previous steps,
or in the worst case start over. Each step is the
responsibility of one or more separate agencies or
commands located around the world. This complex
operation was acceptable for a multi-year deploy-
ment-based deliberate planning cycle. Today, how-
ever, emphasis has shifted to an execution-based
crisis action planning procedure. A crisis action plan-
ning cycle and deployment/redeployment execu-
tion require immediate data access, and a response
time measured in hours, not days.

The TPFDD becomes At execution, the TPFDD developed during delib-

the basis for actual trans- erate planning (or a new one developed during cri-
portation scheduling for sis action planning) is refined and movement re-
force deployment and re- quirements are validated. This validated TPFDD
deployment. becomes the basis for actual transportation sched-
uling for force deployment, and subsequent rede-
ployment. Supply and replacement personnel esti-
mates developed during planning are used as a
source for establishing transportation channels for
sustainment movement. In short, the JOPES data
base is a single source for force deployment move-
ment requirements and status.

JOPES ADP support at JOPES ADP support for execution evolved from a
execution is currently deliberate planning tool not originally designed to
only marginally effec- support movement. However, without JOPES ADP
tive. support, as limited as it is, execution of any sizable
deployment would be virtually unmanageable. New
tools are being developed to correct deficiencies.
When fully implemented, the Global Command and

17
 Control System (GCCS) will provide needed mod-
ernization of JOPES ADP hardware. However,
software redesign and procedural changes are re-
quired to effectively support execution. It should
be noted that user discipline (rigorous adherence
to JOPES procedures) at all levels will always be
vital for JOPES to provide visibility of actual move-
ment of units and sustainment during execution.

The Global Command and Control System

When fully imple- GCCS is the embodiment of the Command, Con-

mented, the Global Com- trol, Communications, Computers and Intelligence
mand and Control Sys- (C4I) for the Warrior concept. C4I for the War-
tem will provide needed rior, through GCCS, will provide the necessary in-
modernization of JOPES formation for warfighters to fight and win on the
ADP hardware. battlefield today and in the future.

The first operational version of GCCS is scheduled

to come on line in September 1995. JOPES ADP
is just one of many C2 systems that will migrate to
GCCS. Initially, GCCS will provide the same plan-
ning and execution capability as the JOPES ADP
currently residing on WWMCCS. Future modifi-
cations, however, will modernize JOPES ADP and
combine its capabilities with other C2 systems to
form a more powerful, integrated tool for warplan-
ning. Upgrades to JOPES capabilities will provide
the warfighter the tools to support execution as well
as planning.

GCCS will provide the Along with many other capabilities, GCCS will in-
combatant commander tegrate:
a complete picture of the
battlefield and the abil-
ú Deliberate and Crisis Action Planning
ity to order, respond, and ú Force Deployment and Employment
coordinate C2 informa- ú Fire Support
tion. ú Air Operations and Planning
ú Intelligence

18 User's Guide for

JOPES
 JOPES Distributed systems and Deployment/
processes integrated through GCCS Redeployment
Execution

Transport
Planning

GCCS
Common Support
Operating Planning
Environment

TPFDD
Force
Planning

figure 5

ú Force Status (SORTS)

GCCS is designed to allow planning and execution
capabilities to expand as additional user require-
ments are identified. GCCS is essentially a com-
mon operating environment within which new ap-
plications will operate. As new systems are devel-
oped, they will be designed to easily “plug” into the
GCCS environment (see figure 5).

GCCS will meet current When fully operational, GCCS state-of-the-art hard-
needs as well as evolv- ware and software should greatly enhance current
ing joint operation plan- joint operation planning and execution capabilities
ning and execution re- and facilitate future modifications.
quirements.

19
 CONCLUSION
Joint doctrine and opera- Joint operation planning and execution is conducted
tion planning principles within the chain of command that runs from the
within JOPES guide the NCA to the combatant commander, and through
commander’s develop- joint task force commanders, down to the opera-
ment of joint operation tional forces. Planning and execution includes the
plans and employment preparation of joint operation plans (OPLANs,
aspects of those plans. CONPLANs, functional plans, OPORDs, and cam-
paign plans). JOPES supports the development of
these plans and orders by providing policies, pro-
cedures, formats, and ADP support for their con-
struction. Joint doctrine and operation planning prin-
ciples within JOPES guide the commander’s de-
velopment of warfighting and employment aspects
of his plan.

JOPES procedures and The goal of this primer is to provide the reader a
formats capture the in- fundamental understanding of JOPES, particularly
terrelationships of delib- planning and execution processes and the types of
erate and crisis action plans developed under JOPES. JOPES procedures
planning, and guide the and formats capture the interrelationships of delib-
joint planning and ex- erate and crisis action planning, and provide and
ecution process guide the joint planning and execution process.

REMEMBER
JOPES is, in the truest sense of the word, a system. It is not merely a com-
puter! It is not a series of computer software programs! It is not just a stan-
dardized set of policies, procedures, and formats for conducting planning and
execution! JOPES is the sum of all these parts!

20 User's Guide for

JOPES
 GLOSSARY

PART I—ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ADP automated data processing

C2 command and control
CAP crisis action planning
CINC commander of a combatant command; commander in chief
CJCSM Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Manual
CONPLAN operation plan in concept format
CPG Contingency Planning Guidance
DPG Defense Planning Guidance
DOD Department of Defense
GCCS Global Command and Control System
JOPES Joint Operation Planning and Execution System
JPEC Joint Planning and Execution Community
JSCP Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan
JSPS Joint Strategic Planning System
NCA National Command Authorities
NSC National Security Council
OPLAN operation plan
OPORD operation order
TPFDD time-phased force and deployment data
WIN Worldwide Military Command and Control System (WWMCCS)
Intercomputer Network
WWMCCS Worldwide Military Command and Control System

GL-1
 PART II—TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

acceptability. Operation plan review campaign. A series of related military

criterion. The determination whether operations aimed at accomplishing a
the contemplated course of action strategic or operational objective
is worth the cost in manpower, ma- within a given time and space. (Joint
terial, and time involved; is consis- Pub 1-02)
tent with the law of war; and mili- campaign planning. The process
tarily and politically supportable. whereby combatant commanders and
(Joint Pub 1-02) subordinate joint force commanders
adequacy. Operation plan review cri- translate national or theater strategy
terion. The determination whether into operational concepts through the
the scope and concept of a planned development of campaign plans.
operation are sufficient to accom- Campaign planning may begin dur-
plish the task assigned. (Pub 1-02) ing deliberate planning when the ac-
alliance. An alliance is the result of tual threat, national guidance, and
formal agreements (i.e., treaties) be- available resources become evident,
tween two or more nations for broad, but is normally not completed until
long-term objectives which further after the National Command Authori-
the common interests of the mem- ties select the course of action dur-
bers. (Joint Pub 1-02) ing crisis action planning. Campaign
planning is conducted when contem-
allocation. In a general sense, distri-
plated military operations exceed the
bution of limited resources among
scope of a single major joint opera-
competing requirements for employ-
tion. (Joint Pub 1-02)
ment. Specific allocations (e.g., air
sorties, nuclear weapons, forces, and campaign plan. A plan for a series of
transportation) are described as al- related military operations aimed at
location of air sorties, nuclear weap- accomplishing a strategic or opera-
ons, etc. (Joint Pub 1-02) tional objective within a given time
and space. (Joint Pub 1-02)
apportionment. In the general sense,
distribution for planning of limited CINC’s strategic concept. Final
resources among competing require- document produced in Step 5 of the
ments. Specific apportionments (e.g., concept development phase of the
air sorties and forces for planning) deliberate planning process. The
are described as apportionment of air CINC’s strategic concept is used as
sorties and forces for planning etc. the vehicle to distribute the CINC’s
(Joint Pub 1-02) decision and planning guidance for
accomplishing Joint Strategic Capa-

GL-2
 bilities Plan or other Chairman of the primarily for additional clarity of
Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) takings. purpose. Also called commander’s
CJCS approval of the strategic con- concept. (Joint Pub 1-02)
cept becomes the basis of the plan contingency. An emergency involv-
for development into an operation ing military forces caused by natu-
plan or operation plan in concept for- ral disasters, terrorists, subversives,
mat. Formerly called “the concept or by required military operations.
of operations. “ Also called CSC. Due to the uncertainty of the situa-
(Joint Pub 1-02) tion, contingencies require plans,
combatant command. A unified or rapid response, and special proce-
specified command with a broad con- dures to ensure the safety and readi-
tinuing mission under a single com- ness of personnel, installations, and
mander established and so designated equipment. (Joint Pub 1-02)
by the President, through the Secre- contingency planning. The develop-
tary of Defense and with the advice ment of plans for potential crisis in-
and assistance of the Chairman of the volving military requirements that
Joint Chiefs of Staff. Combatant can reasonably be expected in an
commands typically have geographic area of responsibility. Contingency
or functional responsibilities. (Joint planning for joint operations is co-
Pub 1-02) ordinated at the national level to
combatant commander. A com- support Secretary of Defense Con-
mander in chief of one of the unified tingency Planning Guidance (CPG),
or specified combatant commands es- strategic requirements in the Na-
tablished by the President. (Joint Pub tional Military Strategy, and emerg-
1-02) ing crises. Contingency planning
concept of operations. A verbal or can occur anywhere within the
graphic statement, in broad outline, range of military operations and
of a commander’s assumptions or may be performed deliberately or
intent in regard to an operation or under crisis action conditions. Con-
series of operations. The concept of tingency planning for joint opera-
operations frequently is embodied in tions is coordinated at the national
campaign plans and operation plans; level by assigning planning tasks
in the latter case, particularly when and relationships among the com-
the plans cover a series of connected batant commanders and apportion-
operations to be carried out simulta- ing or allocating them the forces and
neously or in succession. The con- resources available to accomplish
cept is designed to give an overall those tasks. Commanders through-
picture of the operation. It is included out the unified chain of command
may task their staffs and subordi-

GL-3
 nate commands with additional con- base will be contingent on the time
tingency planning tasks beyond available for course of action devel-
those specified at the national level to pro- opment. When approved, the course
vide broader contingency coverage. of action becomes the basis for the
(Joint Pub 1-02) development of an operation plan or
Contingency Planning Guidance. A operation order. Also called COA.
planning document that fulfills the (Joint Pub 1-02)
statutory duty of the Secretary of course of action development. The
Defense to furnish annually, to the phase of the Joint Operation Plan-
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, ning and Execution System within
written policy guidance for contin- the crisis action planning process that
gency planning. The Secretary fur- provides for the development of mili-
nishes this guidance with the ap- tary responses and includes, within
proval of the President after coordi- the limits of the time allowed: es-
nation with the Chairman of the Joint tablishing force and sustainment re-
Chiefs of Staff. The CPG focuses the quirements with actual units; evalu-
guidance given in the National Mili- ating force, logistic, and transporta-
tary Strategy and Defense Planning tion feasibility; identifying and re-
Guidance, and has direct impact on solving resource shortfalls; recom-
the JSCP.. Also called CPG. (AFSC mending resource allocations; and
Pub 1) producing a course of action via a
course of action. 1. A plan that would commander’s estimate that contains
accomplish, or is related to, the ac- a concept of operations, employment
complishment of a mission. 2. The concept, risk assessments, prioritized
scheme adopted to accomplish a task courses of action, and supporting
or mission. It is a product of the Joint data bases. (Joint Pub 1-02)
Operation Planning and Execution crisis. An incident or situation involv-
System concept development phase. ing a threat to the United States, its
The supported commander will in- territories, citizens, military forces,
clude a recommended course of ac- possessions, or vital interests that de-
tion in the commander’s estimate. velops rapidly and creates a condi-
The recommended course of action tion of such diplomatic, economic,
will include the concept of opera- political, or military importance that
tions, evaluation of supportability es- commitment of US military forces
timates of supporting organizations, and resources is contemplated to
and an integrated time-phased data achieve national objectives. (Joint
base of combat, combat support, and Pub 1-02)
combat service support forces and
sustainment. Refinement of this data

GL-4
crisis action planning. 1. The Joint ing the circumstances that will exist
Operation Planning and Execution when the plan is executed. (Joint Pub
System process involving the time- 1-02)
sensitive development of joint opera- deployment planning. Operational
tion plans and orders in response to planning directed toward the move-
an imminent crisis. Crisis action ment of forces and sustainment re-
planning follows prescribed crisis sources from their original locations
action procedures to formulate and to a specific operational area for con-
implement an effective response ducting the joint operations contem-
within the timeframe permitted by the plated in a given plan. Encompasses
crisis. 2. The time-sensitive planning all activities from origin or home sta-
for the deployment, employment, and tion through destination, specifically
sustainment of assigned and allo- including intra-continental United
cated forces and resources that oc- States, intertheater, and intratheater
curs in response to a situation that movement legs, staging areas, and
may result in actual military opera- holding areas. (Joint Pub 1-02)
tions. Crisis action planners base
employment. The strategic, opera-
their plan on the circumstances that
tional, or tactical use of forces. (Joint
exist at the time planning occurs.
Pub 1-02)
Also called CAP. (Joint Pub 1-02)
employment planning. Planning that
deliberate planning. 1. The Joint Op-
prescribes how to apply force/forces
eration Planning and Execution Sys-
to attain specified military objectives.
tem process involving the develop-
Employment planning concepts are
ment of joint operation plans for con-
developed by combatant command-
tingencies identified in joint strate-
ers through their component com-
gic planning documents. Conducted
manders. (Joint Pub 1-02)
principally in peacetime, deliberate
planning is accomplished in pre- execution planning. The phase of the
scribed cycles that complement other Joint Operation Planning and Execu-
Department of Defense planning tion System crisis action planning
cycles in accordance with the for- process that provides for the trans-
mally established joint strategic plan- lation of an approved course of ac-
ning system. 2. A planning process tion into an executable plan of ac-
for the deployment and employment tion through the preparation of a
of apportioned forces and resources complete operation plan or operation
that occurs in response to a hypo- order. Execution planning is detailed
thetical situation. Deliberate planners planning for the commitment of
rely heavily on assumptions regard- specified forces and resources. Dur-
ing crisis action planning, an ap-

GL-5
 the services so exchanged to enable
proved operation plan or other Na-
them to operate effectively together.
tional Command Authorities-ap-
2. The condition achieved among
proved course of action is adjusted,
communications-electronics systems
refined, and translated into an opera-
or items of communications- elec-
tion order. Execution planning can
tronics equipment when information
proceed on the basis of prior delib-
or services can be exchanged directly
erate planning, or it can take place
and satisfactorily between them and/
in the absence of prior planning.
or their users. The degree of
(Joint Pub 1-02)
interoperability should be defined
feasibility. Operation plan review cri- when referring to specific cases.
terion. The determination of whether (Joint Pub 1-02)
the assigned tasks could be accom-
joint force commander. A general
plished by using available resources.
term applied to a combatant com-
(Joint Pub 1-02)
mander, subunified commander, or
functional plans. Plans involving the joint task force commander autho-
conduct of military operations in a rized to exercise combatant command
peacetime or permissive environment (command authority) or operational
developed by combatant command- control over a joint force. Also called
ers to address requirements such as JFC. (This term and its definition are
disaster relief, nation assistance, lo- provided for information and are pro-
gistics, communications, surveil- posed for inclusion in the next edi-
lance, protection of US citizens, tion of Joint Pub 1-02 by Joint Pub
nuclear weapon recovery and evacu- 0-2.)
ation, and continuity of operations,
joint operation. A general term to de-
or similar discrete tasks. They may
scribe military actions conducted by
be developed in response to the re-
joint forces, or by Service forces in
quirements of the Joint Strategic
relationships (e. g. support, coordi-
Capabilities Plan, at the initiative of
nating authority), which, of them-
the CINC, or as tasked by the sup-
selves, do not create joint forces.
ported combatant commander, Joint
(This term and its definition are pro-
Staff, Service, or Defense agency.
vided for information and are pro-
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
posed for inclusion in the next edi-
review of CINC-initiated plans is not
tion of Joint Pub 1-02 by Joint Pub
normally required. (Joint Pub 1-02)
0-2.)
interoperability. 1. The ability of sys-
joint operation planning. Planning for
tems, units or forces to provide ser-
contingencies which can reasonably
vice to and accept services from other
be anticipated in an area of responsi-
systems, units, or forces and to use

GL-6
 bility or joint operations area of the tion systems: Joint Operation Plan-
command. Planning activities exclu- ning System and Joint Deployment
sively associated with the prepara- System. It provides the foundation
tion of operation plans, operation for conventional command and con-
plans in concept format, campaign trol by national- and theater-level
plans, and operation orders (other commanders and their staffs. It is de-
than the single integrated operation signed to satisfy their information
plan) for the conduct of military op- needs in the conduct of joint plan-
erations by the combatant command- ning and operations. Joint Operation
ers in response to requirements es- Planning and Execution System
tablished by the Chairman of the (JOPES) includes joint operation
Joint Chiefs of Staff. Contingency planning policies, procedures, and
planning for joint operations is co- reporting structures supported by
ordinated at the national level to sup- communications and automated data
port Secretary of Defense Contin- processing systems. JOPES is used
gency Planning Guidance (CPG), to monitor, plan, and execute mobi-
strategic requirements in the National lization, deployment, employment,
Military Strategy, and emerging cri- and sustainment activities associated
ses. As such, joint operations plan- with joint operations. Also called
ning includes mobilization planning, JOPES. (Joint Pub 1-02)
deployment planning, employment
planning, sustainment planning, and Joint Planning And Execution
redeployment planning procedures. Community. Those headquarters,
Joint operations planning is per- commands, and agencies involved in
formed in accordance with formally the training, preparation, movement,
established planning and execution reception, employment, support, and
procedures. (Joint Pub 1-02) sustainment of military forces as-
signed or committed to a theater of
joint operational planning process. A operations or objective area. It usu-
coordinated Joint Staff procedure ally consists of the Joint Staff, Ser-
used by a commander to determine vices, Service major commands (in-
the best method of accomplishing as- cluding the Service wholesale logis-
signed tasks and to direct the action tics commands), unified commands
necessary to accomplish the mission. (and their certain Service component
(Joint Pub 1-02) commands), subunified commands,
Joint Operation Planning and Execu- transportation component com-
tion System. A continuously evolv- mands, joint task forces (as appli-
ing system that is being developed cable), Defense Logistics Agency,
through the integration and enhance- and other Defense agencies (e.g., De-
ment of earlier planning and execu-

GL-7
 fense Intelligence Agency) as may a. selective mobilization. Expan-
be appropriate to a given scenario. sion of the active Armed Forces re-
Also called JPEC. (Joint Pub 1-02) sulting from action by Congress and/
Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan. A or the President to mobilize Reserve
planning document that contains component units, individual ready re-
guidance to the CINCs and Service servists, and the resources needed for
Chiefs for accomplishing military their support to meet the require-
tasks and missions based on current ments of a domestic emergency that
military capabilities. These assign- is not the result of an enemy attack.
ments take into account the capabili- b. partial mobilization. Expansion
ties of available forces, intelligence of the active Armed Forces result-
information, and guidance issued by ing from action by Congress (up to
the Secretary of Defense. The JSCP full mobilization) or by the President
directs the development of contin- (not more than 1,000,000) to mobi-
gency plans to support national se- lize Ready Reserve component units,
curity objectives by assigning plan- individual reservists, and the re-
ning tasks and apportioning major sources needed for their support to
combat forces and strategic lift ca- meet the requirements of a war or
pability to the combatant command- other national emergency involving
ers. As a capabilities planning docu- an external threat to the national se-
ment, it represents the last phase of curity.
resource management. Also called
JSCP. (AFSC Pub 1) c. full mobilization. Expansion of
the active Armed Forces resulting
mobilization. 1. The act of assembling from action by Congress and the
and organizing national resources to President to mobilize all Reserve
support national objectives in time component units in the existing ap-
of war or other emergencies. 2. The proved force structure, all individual
process by which the Armed Forces reservists, retired military personnel,
or part of them are brought to a state and the resources needed for their
of readiness for war or other national support to meet the requirements of
emergency. This includes activating a war or other national emergency
all or part of the Reserve components involving an external threat to the na-
as well as assembling and organiz- tional security.
ing personnel, supplies, and materiel.
Mobilization of the Armed Forces in- d. total mobilization. Expansion of
cludes but is not limited to the fol- the active Armed Forces resulting
lowing categories: from action by Congress and the
President to organize and/or gener-
ate additional units or personnel, be-

GL-8
 yond the existing force structure, and mands in response to requirements
the resources needed for their sup- tasked by the establishing unified
port, to meet the total requirements commander. Operation plans are
of a war or other national emergency prepared in either a complete format
involving an external threat to the na- (OPLAN) or as a concept plan
tional security. (Joint Pub 1-02) (CONPLAN). The CONPLAN can
multinational. Between two or more be published with or without time
forces or agencies of two or more na- phased force deployment data
tions or coalition partners. (Joint Pub (TPFDD) file.
1-02) a. OPLAN. An operation plan for
National Command Authorities. The the conduct of joint operations that
President and the Secretary of De- can be used as a basis for develop-
fense or their duly deputized alter- ment of an operation order
nates or successors. Also called (OPORD). An OPLAN identifies the
NCA. (Joint Pub 1-02) forces and supplies required to ex-
ecute the CINC’s Strategic Concept
operation. A military action or the car-
and a movement schedule of these
rying out of a strategic, tactical, ser-
resources to the theater of operations.
vice, training, or administrative mili-
The forces and supplies are identi-
tary mission; the process of carrying
fied in TPFDD files. OPLANs will
on combat, including movement,
include all phases of the tasked op-
supply, attack, defense, and maneu-
eration. The plan is prepared with
vers needed to gain the objectives of
the appropriate annexes, appendixes,
any battle or campaign. (Joint Pub
and TPFDD files as described in the
1-02)
Joint Operation Planning and Execu-
operation order. A directive issued by tion System manuals containing
a commander to subordinate com- planning policies, procedures, and
manders for the purpose of effecting formats. Also called OPLAN.
the coordinated execution of an op-
b. CONPLAN. An operation plan
eration. Also called OPORD. (Joint
in an abbreviated format that would
Pub 1-02)
require considerable expansion or al-
operation plan. Any plan, except for teration to convert it into an OPLAN
the Single Integrated Operation Plan, or OPORD. A CONPLAN contains
for the conduct of military opera- the CINC’s strategic concept and
tions. Plans are prepared by com- those annexes and appendixes
batant commanders in response to re- deemed necessary by the combatant
quirements established by the Chair-
man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and
by commanders of subordinate com-

GL-9
 commander to complete planning. tion of an operation plan; it contains
Generally, detailed support require- time-phased force data, non-unit-re-
ments are not calculated and TPFDD lated cargo and personnel data, and
files are not prepared. Also called movement data for the operation
CONPLAN. plan, including:
c. CONPLAN With TPFDD. A a. In-place units.
CONPLAN with TPFDD is the same b. Units to be deployed to support
as a CONPLAN except that it re- the operation plan with a priority in-
quires more detailed planning for dicating the desired sequence for
phased deployment of forces. (Joint their arrival at the port of debarka-
Pub 1-02) tion.
supporting plan. An operation plan c. Routing of forces to be deployed.
prepared by a supporting commander
d. Movement data associated with
or a subordinate commander to sat-
deploying forces.
isfy the requests or requirements of
the supported commander’s plan. e. Estimates of non-unit-related
(Joint Pub 1-02) cargo and personnel movements to
be conducted concurrently with the
sustainment. The provision of person-
deployment of forces.
nel, logistic, and other support re-
quired to maintain and prolong op- f. Estimate of transportation re-
erations or combat until successful quirements that must be fulfilled by
accomplishment or revision of the common-user lift resources, as well
mission or of the national objective. as those requirements that can be
(Joint Pub 1-02) fulfilled by assigned or attached
transportation resources. Also called
time-phased force and deployment
TPFDD. (Joint Pub 1-02)
data. The Joint Operation Planning
and Execution System data base por-

GL-10