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    Tutorial 2 - Taylor

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    anubhavpawar67.24

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    Tutorial 2 - Taylor

    Uploaded by

    anubhavpawar67.24
    7 views2 pages

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    7 views2 pages

    Tutorial 2 - Taylor

    Uploaded by

    anubhavpawar67.24

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

    Department of Mathematics
    Advanced Calculus
    Tutorial Problem Sheet - 2
    Autumn 2024

    1. Use Taylor’s theorem to prove that

    x2
    a) x − 2 < log(1 + x) < x for x > 0.

    x2
    b) cos x ≥ 1 − 2 for −π < x < π.

    x x2
    √ x
    c) 1 + 2 − 8 < 1+x<1+ 2 for x > 0.

    2. Let c ∈ R and a real function f be such that f 00 is continuous on some neighbourhood of


    c. Prove that
    f (c + h) − 2f (c) + f (c − h)
    lim = f 00 (c).
    h→0 h2

    3. Let a ∈ R and a real function f defined on some neighbourhood N (a) of a such that f 00
    is continuous at a and f 00 (a) 6= 0. Prove that lim θ = 21 , where θ is given by f (a + h) =
    h→0
    f (a) + hf 0 (a + θh) (0 < θ < 1).

    4. Each of the series in the following is the value of the Taylor series at x = 0 of a function
    f (x) at a particular point. What function and what point? What is the sum of the series?

    π3 π5 π7
    a) π − 3! + 5! − 7! + ...

    2 4 8
    b) 3 − 18 + 81 − ...

    c) √1 − 1
    √ + 1√
    − ...
    3 9 3 45 3

    5. Using Taylor series expansion, evaluate


    xex −log(1+x)
    a) lim ( x1 − 1
    sin x ) b) lim x2
    x→0 x→0
    tan x−x cosh x−cos x
    c) lim 2 d) x sin x
    x→0 x tan x

    6. If f is continuous at x0 , and there are constants a0 and a1 such that

    f (x) − a0 − a1 (x − x0 )
    lim = 0,
    x→x0 x − x0

    then prove that a0 = f (x0 ), f is differentiable at x0 , and f 0 (x0 ) = a1 .

    7. Obtain the Maclaurin’s series expansion of f (x) = sin(m sin−1 x), where m is a constant.

    1
    8. For the Maclaurin’s polynomial approximation of degree less than or equal to n for the
    function ex , determine the value of n such that the error satisfies |Rn (x)| ≤ 0.005, when
    −1 ≤ x ≤ 1.

    9. (Binomial Expansion)
    (a) Find the ‘n-th’term for the Maclaurin series expansion of (1 + x)h , where h is a fixed
    non-zero real number.
    (b) Using (a), for a positive integer m, re-prove the binomial expansion of (1 + x)m :
           
    m m m k m m
    (1 + x)m = + x + ··· + x + ··· + x .
    0 1 k m
    √ √
    10. (a) Estimate 1.5 using first three terms of the binomial expansion of f (x) = 1 + x.
    (b) Use Lagrange’s form of remainder to bound the error.

    11. Let L be the length of a pendulum that makes a maximum angle θ0 with the vertical.
    The period of the pendulum T is given by the following formula:
    s Z
    L π/2 dθ
    T =4 p ,
    g 0 1 − k 2 sin2 θ

    where k = sin(θ0 /2) and g denotes the accelaration due to gravity.


    (a) Use only the first term of the binomial series to approximate T .
    (b) Use first two terms of the binomial series to approximate T .

    **********

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