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    Optical Rotatory Dispersion: Unit - I

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    Optical Rotatory Dispersion: Unit - I

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    5 views15 pages

    Optical Rotatory Dispersion: Unit - I

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    Elangovan N

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    UNIT – I

    OPTICAL ROTATORY
    DISPERSION
    POLARIZED LIGHT AND OPTICAL
    ROTATION
    Dr. G. PRATAP KUMAR
    ASST PROF
    DEPT. OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
    MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
    OPTICAL ROTATORY DISPERSION
    Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) is the
    variation in the optical rotation of a
    substance with a change in the
    wavelength of light

    ORD can be used to find the absolute


    configuration of metal complexes.

    Example, when plane-polarized white


    light from an overhead projector is
    passed through a cylinder of sucrose
    solution, a spiral rainbow is observed
    perpendicular to the cylinder.
     This leads to optical rotation which is measured by using a ‘polarimeter’.

     Measuring optical rotation as a function of wavelength is termed ‘Optical


    rotatory dispersion (ORD) spectroscopy’.

    Polarization – ‘light’
     A light wave is an electromagnetic wave that travels
    through the vacuum of outer space.
     A light wave that is vibrating in more than one plane
    is referred to as unpolarized light.
     Polarized light waves are light waves in which the
    vibrations occur in a single plane. Thus, the process of
    transforming unpolarized light into polarized light is
    known as ‘polarization’.
    TYPES OF POLARIZED LIGHT
    a) Liner or plane polarized light - Vibrating in a single plane
    perpendicular to the direction of propagation is called ‘plane
    polarised light’.

    b) Circular polarized light - When vibration of light are along a


    circle lying in a plane perpendicular to the direction of
    propagation the light is called ‘circular polarized light’.

    c) Elliptical polarized light - When vibration are along a ellipse


    lying in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation the
    light is called ‘elliptically polarized light’.
    The Formula
    TYPES
    of Optical
    Rotation
    OPTICAL ROTATION
     The angle through which the plane of
    polarization is rotated when polarized
    light passes through a layer of liquid.

     The ability to rotate the plane of


    Optically active substances are classified
    polarization of plane-polarized light by a into two types.
    certain substance is called optical a. Dextrorotatory substances –
    activity. Substances that rotate the plane of
    polarization of the light towards the
     Quartz and cinnabar are examples of right are known as right-handed.
    optically active crystals while aqueous b. Laevorotatory substances –
    Substances which rotate the plane of
    solutions of sugar, tartaric acid are polarization of the light toward the
    optically active solutions. left are known as left-handed.
    INSTRUMENTATION - POLARIMETER
    INSTRUMENTATION – ORD Spectroscopy
    ORD Curve
    Applications of Optical Rotation
     Optical rotation is a function of time and it is used to determine kinetic reactions
     This is also used to plot optical rotatory dispersion curves for a various range of
    wavelengths this helps in analysing molecular structure
     The optical rotation is measured on a layer of suitable thickness at the wavelength
    specified in the monograph.
     If the specific rotation of a sample is known its concentration in the solution can be
    estimated.
     If the concentration of the material in the sample is known then its specific rotation can
    be determined.
     The technique may be extended to the determination of optical substances in the
    presence of optically inactive species.
    CIRCULAR Dichroism (CD)

     Measurement of how an optically active compound absorbs circular polarized


    light both left and right handed.

     Plotted as εl – εr vs λ

     Instrument used is CD spectroscopy It is used for study of


    biomolecules, their structure and interaction with metals and other molecules.

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