Ajeenkya DY Patil School of Engineeering

(Charholi) Via Lohegaon, Pune-412 105

Department of Computer Engineering

2024-25[5th Sem]

Micro-project Report of
Operating System
On
Generation Of Operating System
Submitted by:

Roll Name of The Students Exam Seat Number

No.

Under the Guidance of

Prof
AJEENKYA DY PATIL SCHOOL OF ENGINEEERING
(CHARHOLI) Department of Computer Engineering
 SEMESTER-5 – 2024-25

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Project report entitled “Generation Of Operating
System” is submitted in the partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the
Diploma in Computer Engineering by Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education
as record of students' own work carried out by them under the guidance and
supervision at Ajeenkya DY Patil School Of Engineering (Charholi), during the
academic year 2024-25.

Roll Name of the students Exam Seat Number

No.

Place: Charholi (Bk)

Date: 24/10/2024.

(Prof) (Mrs)
Guide Head of Computer Department

ACKNOWLEDGEMEMT
 It is with profoundly sense of gratitude that we acknowledge from our guide
She has been guide in the true sense of word, a guide who satisfaction from our word &
progress.

We are highly obliged to Mrs Head of Computer Department for aberrance

& good co-operation given to us for bringing this project to almost standard.
We are grateful to our principal Dr. for proceeding acknowledgement to us
in the connection of this project concluding. We appreciate the assistance of all
staff that helps us in for their sincere & obliging help to make
our project successfully.
 Micro Project Proposal
Part A

Generation Of Operating System

1. Aim Of The Micro Project: The main to Study Generations of operating system

2. Course Outcomes integrated:

1. Communicating effectively by avoiding barriers in formal and informal
situations.
2. communicate skillfully using non-verbal methods.
3. Give presentations by using audio visual aids.
4. Write reports using correct guidelines.
5.compose e-mail and formal business letters.

3. Proposed Methodology:
1. Literature survey.
2. Collect information through different sources
3. Analysis of data.
4. Compilation of collected data.

4. Action Plan:

Sr. Planned Planned Name of

Details of the activity
No. Start date Finish date Members
1. Formation of Group & Topic All members
Selection
2. Submission of Proposed Plan All members
3. Preparation of Report All members
4. Final valuation of a working Report All members
5. Presentation of Report All members
6. Submission of Final Report All members
 3. Resources Required:

Sr. Name of resources/Material Specifications Qty Remarks

No.

1. Computer Processor: 13 1

RAM: 4.00 GB

2. Microsoft Word Word-2016

3. Printer Hp Laser Jet 1

4. Book/ website name

4. Name Of Team Members:

Roll Name of Students Exam Seat No

no

Prof.
(Micro-project Guide)

Final Micro Project

Report
 Title: To Study Generations of operating system
Rationale: An Operating is basically a system program that controls the execution
of application program and act as interface between application and the
computer
hardware. It manages the computer system sources to be in efficient manner. This
course is prerequisite for the group of course included in "Cloud Infrastructure
Maintenance Elective group
2.0 Course Outcomes Integrated :
1. Install operating system and configure a
2. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.
3. Execute process commands for performing process management operations.
4. Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waking time.
5. Calculate efficiency of different memory management techniques.
Apply file management techniques.
3.0 Actual Procedure Followed:
1. Discussion about topic with guide and among group members
2. Literature survey
3. Information collection 4 Compilation of content
5. Editing and revising content
6. Report Preparation
4.0: Actual Resources Required:
Sr Name of Specifications Qty Remarks
No. resources/Material
1 Computer Processor: 13 RAM: 4.00 GB 1
2 Microsoft Word Ward-2016
3 Printer Hp Laser Jet 1
4 Book/Site name

5.0 Skill Developed Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

The following skills were developed:
1. Teamwork: Leaned to work in a team and boost individual confidence.
2. Problem-Solving: Developed good problem solving habits.
3. Technical Writing: Preparing the report of proposed plan and the final report.

1.0 Information on Operating System

  An Operating System (OS) is a software that acts as an interface between
computer hardware components and the user. Every computer system must
have at least one operating system to run other programs. Applications like
Browsers, MS Office, Notepad Games, etc., need some environment to run
and perform. its tasks.

 The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to
speak the computer's language. It is not possible for the user to use any
computer or mobile device without having un operating system

History Of OS
 Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage
 The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their
IBM 701
 In the m mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks.
 In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed
 The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS, It was built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-
DOS software from a Seattle company
 The present-day popular OS Windows first came to existence in 1985 when a GLT was
created and quired with MS-DOS
2.0 Types of Operating System (OS)
Following are the popular types of OS (Operating System)
 Hatch Operating System. Multitasking Time Sharing OS
 Multiprocessing OS
 Real Time OS
 Distributed OS
 Network OS Mobile OS
 2.1 Advantage of Operating System
 Allows you to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction.
 Easy to use with a GUL.
 Offers an environment in which a user may execute programs/applications.
 The operating system must make sure that the computer system convenient to use.
 Operating System acts as an intermediary among applications and the hardware
components.
 It provides the computer system resources with easy to use format.
 Acts as an intermediator between all hardware's and software's of the system.

2.2 Disadvantages of Operating System

 If any issue occurs in OS, you may lose all the contents which have been stored in your
system.
 Operating system's software is quite expensive for small size organization which adds
burden on them. Example Windows
 It is never entirely secure as a threat can occur at any time.
 3.0 Information on Kernel in Operating System
 The kernel is the central component of a computer operating systerns. The only job
performed by the kernel is to the manage the communication between the software and
the hardware. A Kernel is at the nucleus of u computer. It makes the communication
between the hardware and software possible, While the Kernel is the innermost part of
an operating system, a shell is the outermost one.

3.1 Features
of Kernel
 Low-level scheduling of processes
 Inter-process communication
 Process synchronization Context switching

3.2 Types of Kernel

 There are many types of kernels that exists, but among them, the two most popular
kernels are:

1. Monolithic
 A monolithic kernel is a single code or block of the program. It provides all the required
services offered by the operating system. It is a simplistic design which creates a distinct
communication layer between the hardware and software.

2. Microkernels
 Microkernel manages all system resources. In this type of kernel, services me
implemented in different address space. The user services are stored in user address
space, and kernel services are stored under kernel address space. No, it helps to reduce
the size of both the kernel and operating system.
 Generations of Operating System
 When we say Operating System, we think shout MacOS, Windows, Linux etc. Early
generations of Operating System didn't look like that. There are four generations of
Operating System.

1. The First Generation (1940 to early 1950s)

When the first electronic computer was developed in 1940, it was created without any
operating system. In early times, users lurve full access to the computer machine and write
a program for each tusk in absolute machine language. The programmer can perform and
solve only simple mathematical calculations during the computer generation, and this
calculation does not require an operating system.

First
Generation
2. The Second Generation (1955-1965)
The first operating system (OS) was created in the early 1950s and was known as GMOS.
General Motors has developed OS for the IBM computer. The second-generation operating
system was based on a single stream hutch processing system because it collects all similar
jobs in grouse of batches and then submits the jobs to the operating system using a punch card
to complete all jobs in a machine. At such completion of jobs (either normally or abnormally),
control transfer to the operating system that is cleaned after completing one job and then
continues to read and initiates the next job in a punch card. After that, new machines were
called mainframes, which were very big und used by professional operators

Second Generation
3. The Third Generation (1965-1980)
During the late 1960s, operating system designers were very capable of developing a new
operating system that could simultaneously perform multiple tasks in a single computer
program called multiprogramming The introduction of multiprogramming plays a very
import role in developing operating systems that allow a CPU to be busy every time by
performing different tasks on a computer at the same time. During the third generation,
there was a new development of minicomputer's phenomenal growth starting in 1961. with
the DEC POP-1. These PDP's leads to the creation of personal computers in the fourth
generation.

Third Generation
4. The Fourth Generation (1980-Present Day)
The fourth generation of operating systems is related to the development of the personal
computer, However, the personal computer is very similar to the minicomputers that were
developed in the third generation. The cost of a personal computer was very high at that
time, there were small fractions of minicomputers costs. A major factor related to creating
personal computers was the birth of Microsoft and the Windows operating system.
Microsoft created the first window operating system in 1975. After introducing the
Microsoft Windows OS, Bill Gates and Paul Allen had the vision to take personal
computers to the next level. Therefore, they introduced the MS-DOS in 1981: however, it
was very difficult for the person to understand its cryptic commands. Today, Windows has
become the most popular and most commonly used operating system technology. And
then, Windows released various operating systems such as Windows 95, Windows 98,
Windows XP and the latest operating system, Windows 7. Currently, most Windows users
use e the Windows 10 operating system, Besides the Windows operating system, Apple is
another popular operating system built in the 1980s, and this operating system was
developed by Steve Jobs, a co-founder of Apple. They named the operating system
Macintosh OS or Mac OS

Fourth Generation
CONCLUSION :-

The evolution of operating systems can be categorized into distinct

generations, each marked by significant technological advancements and shifts
in user needs.
the generations of operating systems reflect a progression from simple, batch-
oriented systems to sophisticated, user-centric platforms that facilitate complex
tasks and enhance user interaction. As technology continues to evolve, future
operating systems will likely focus on further integrating AI, improving
security, and adapting to new computing paradigms.

Prof.
(Guide of Project)