ovesloadinng cD ome Of of c++ Lang emhamced the power of Afler oeeloadling clns Ue Objects ta Nay that you use built im dlata -t 470s 704 Caer overtoad operahre by ukiwg Creahin fumiWou i ™ opevats funceloar depiaes ! aha clhat She overloaaled operatey lahve A the lacs Upoam Nhich uk pill porkCyeahag a aeaubey operahs { A mreaubts opevatos junnihions fare this general fase yel_ type — clacs- mame :' opesotos Ht (on hist) 9 i H/ Operation s $ ret- type =7 yetusm J4pe n always claw Type (ovjar) Cobject of the clove) Clast- mane =7 manne OF the clats At => place holder ce operat thar hatte ve Oviiloaded ( 4+ 0 — o * w= ake) ag - List => Lest of Aiguancants Hote: arg-lict => Bimary operat ayy- [ror thewe will be omly ome arguement » Yaaary Op ahr te will enapky C Member Amor were 4 emenu br, Suaced oa) losmar) & Ome op Operatey MnFt fonclucle < ioetsran Whig Mamuacpace Cel class Loc * mt loagituce , latitude public koe > §§ int Le) Loc Cimt lq tomgitude = Lg, labtuck void Show C) cout 42 dogitucs << Cour 42 fahtude << loc Opevatos+ ( loe opr) b; 1 over tood +4or doe Ave does: operatrt Choe Op) £ loc tonup } Leoup. Lomgidudt® Opa longitude + longitude Lemay. labbudh = ©p2 fotitud + ka tituch Sa yetarm lenny)Tot maaincy ¢ Obs ( Wo Obi. Showl) Ob2- Show) fu cech on Obi Obl + Oba |, // Operatrs Obt.showl) > deploy Yelurm 0) pone Operator + Cloc Op2) have Ontly Ome operand But cthave are Jno objects ( obt &0b2) - OFF objet “ “sel ag this Obs u Layt 0? opevats + paused Using [nr yes pompible for gemerah a call do operator fod] coi P v Oba ( operamd om dhe yugnt oF operat) v OPp2ude, Cablude pubke: Looe s ff loc Cie lg yiak Le) t Longitude = Ig Latitude = UF} Vecd chow C) i * cow: 24 tude 42 Cour 42 labtade <2 t toe opeyator + (loc op2); 12 Biman loc optrator - ( loc ©p2)- loc opesatos = Cloe opr) } Loe operator ++ C) } Humany or aa 1 over toad + toc doc loc i opecatve + (foe op>) $ vow Loc temp} Leomp. Lomgilude 2 Ops. lomgitude + Lomgitude deep Aatetade = 072. doilude + labtuck , repose Femup. dahtade% Ops dabtud A abitud Ye 1 flan sleaup ; verdoad -~ doc loc :: operates — ( loc opr) ee ere Loagitude — opr. longi tud Lemp lougitude = lah tud temp. Lahtuck = daitud - opa Yedusar sbemup : ovivload aggiqgmmnemt fy loc loc Operator = (Loe op2) longitude = ops. longitude : lotidud . opr. fakitude } Yeluim xthis }Lovgiluct +1 Larlude veda «the loc Obi (10,20), Ob2 0,30) Obs Chowe) , J dkeplay 10 Ob2- showl)) Wf = +40b) 5 Obs chow) > J) Aveplay 21 Olea ¢ Yoo wh) Ob, ++0b) 5 obi. chow) 3H) Aspley 12 2» ob» Showy 5 Obi = Ob2 =0b3) / muthple arngqman «1 Obt. Chow €7) Ht Akeplay 40 40 Obs. Shoncy iH r Yolusmn 0%a Syiead ed aands Caplieitly Maire pose , alex ovr teubltey [hart Mperaboe Puptohow Thic aueams cthat frend verloads a bimary operat has two parad At induale < iostsean > WSiang manuesparc boc Stal Private (at lomgitade | lakdude ' puolic: loceré $ H meed h tometruct tenupora foe ( iat dq, int Le) i lomgidude = bq ; $ fartude = Ue} Void Chow CY Cour << lomgituch <<* ” Cok xx latituch 2g 7” Sn $ 1 0% 4% oyestonded tring Yremd Slact om } vem loc operator + (oe opt toe op2)>Joe optrahe loc 073) Jeu Coop. Lomgitudd = opt lemgitu + of Eoaup. da dud opi fabtude + oj Tebusm lenup imb main co) é loe obs (10,20) , oba C£,30)> Obi = Obi + ob2 Obi. Showed Teduim 0% NOTE: 3, you cam mot Ourvloud hue opesates Lyitna famebom = 0), £1 > When overloading the tncreanemt w decre you will meed de Uke o veprence paranueter Sairand Cun chow 2» Nomgitud. pe laRbuds macart operator phear cingfs pviloadyigec7 ies Usiw a trend i 2 | Ts fatima. ae Ub a vefreante posdmmeler — Jhit D because vi enn furrchoas Ao mot have thie po tere tt < jostean > Using mamuerpace Std lace loc Private: int Longitude, Yakitucle » publee bocce $ 5 boc Cit dg ,imt Le) t lomgiduce = tq ; latitude = bt, 5 Votd howe) 4 Cow << lomgilud <2 ~ Cout- <4 latituk <2" boc operator = Coe opr) Sri toe operator t+ C foe gop) Siem toe operake -- Cloe op): $jY purvtoad acsigmauemt fos lot operahy = (doc opr? gituce fattude 6p lab lude Team ath Wc velucn object thet ge deo) Using Priamd lunch om 7 efreate paranucles opecats +4 C loc oP) oP. lomgituck ++ OP lofitud ++ > Yetuim OP) f af tumchom <= pvetadid Urveg Sea Joc operahy -- ( boc xo?) op. Aomaptudt == + op. laktudt ~~ ? Vetus OP, Lk main C) t sob? loc ; loc | ObsN CI RMamMe oo copa. ¢h? ob) Show C) yeduim 0% ¢+obt 5 I) dieptay t Ob2 -yoOb!) ob2 cron, tt displayAllocate aun Objech i iu perform allocation Thros bi oavdruchr eatted aubrmaatcaly +1 Yefurm pointer +h anenvord 7 delete aun objeck void operater delete delete (void *? Ja Pree memory pointed + Desdrucetys called acu awah eal The ype Sized 2 & deyaudl Type capa A the fa.gess Kenge rece Of memory allocated (6 Cire-b W etsembially ar vasigned inl eg The pasonmerey Stae pill Comtain the auouber of bytes meeded tv hold h The object being allocated . drier 7) nwa ounl Ol memory Clhat yous versiom OF men auutt allocate The ovsloaded men CumeKonr must yelurm a potter trIhe ameatory efhat ue allocates of cthren’” bad. alloc excephom éf au allocahomr enor occurs she delete fanchoor seeive’ a posits ed Aeletle optvahy whem oveiloaded Pca sna tncirecs ect stale ade lete holdid by the object the amenue f Ae oor} Ft incduds < iottyeau > Ht indude< cstdliby Ht ima < nen > ucimg manmespare Crd | Claes oe fomgituds , takdude imt public: loc cr tt foe C iat kg , it de) { longitude > 1g) taktude = Ley void Show) é cour 44 Lomautuce <+ cow 44 ott 42°") 5 void «operator men (Sire- aivr dette C void *p> t size) ) void oper i)um overloaded! yelakve do doc sid xloc:: optvales men Csire-t $120) i Void ap ou tiloaded men \en P malloc ¢ Cire) & Crp) 5 bad. alloe ba threw ba) Yelucm Py 3 7 delete bveyloaded velabve bh doe void loc: : operates ¢ delete Cvoid ¥P) t Cour << "Pa ovevlouded delete \m Sree CPD, Imt main ¢ > Pas men loc (1,20) 5 5 cateh C bad. alloc xa) f 4 COUR << " Allocahom error fox P1.\m’ ; 5 Yeturm 1»nich Chad.allee xa) cour Mlocahomr exros fo yelum 3 \ Py—> chow C7 Pasa chew C) delete 2 delete P2> JYetuim O% Sm overloaded mer overloaded nen int ovecloadecl dalele Inn over loackd deleteINNERITANG > imhented class clace That does the tmheritiag v called the Derived class e class Access Com Whom a dete class cmhente amother , the Of clhe base clase becomes mreanbess of the Class class derived clase manne > access bate class mane é $i 1 vody of clars *, Acco’ Katus of the base - class mnemmbers tuciar Ihe Abvived class determine! by access The bare class access Apedpits maul be eidhes public , private er protectedaud all protected men srotected aueaubers of the derived cases , Ua base's private heamemt: base aud ax aot actomibl by mmewaber class ecaauple iluttral Odject ot the dype Eenved divectly acers the public meaubtsé of the base ff includ using manuespaee Ctd ; Clase base mr 2,5 5 public void Set Cit a , it b) fie &) a=bi$ void Show C) t cour aaa | << 5 sh Clas deaved Hi PuBMERMigE imt K} derived Cim' public « ea ketVoid cnowk howk( vdurm 0 } Ihe bake clase wv éaherited by unny + fier > all publee aud protected Membe claws becomre private aucmmbers OF the denve 2anuple lhe polloning programas pill not eve Dacause beth Sete) aud Show) ase mon private el ° derived Ht imcludk 4 josheauy UWomg aranucspare Stl Cots dase iat 4 public: voidl Se Cimt a, imr b) t eye bad Votd Show ) courace xg" “425 ae 4prvale base class @ derived t it denved Ciml *) publ oer Ly r Void ghonke) 2 cout 44K £4 t imt auaim ©) dovved Ob(3)%) Cammor att Ob. Sk C1,2)3 /) error Ob-thond) > Il ever cammsl = vetusm 0% j Tarheritamee & protected Members Re aera The protected boy nocd & émeduded uA c+t DP cam of Greater fleaibilily tm the tmhentancee mechamt Whom a marenuber Of a late VY declased as pwter’ momauembe Hat murnuber @ moe accorable by othe: dod aucnubert Clements OF Chhe pr gran. However pavtec peg Cliff eontby Tf Cle pure clare w cmhente public , them the bane class protected amenubess beceant ot dhe ohne? clax aud are d as | Protected ereanbertMprvate + bat public Voto ek Cink a, imt b) § t= L Void chow) f cub<<4 <2 26 class denved : public base i int ky Public: Void setyc) { k= L439) Youd CnouKl $ cour << k << 5) lob nradar 6) derived Ob} Ob. $u (2,3) B LS? 2 ob. gnowey > // Aspley Ob. sekK 0) > Ob shook (0; I} display 6void sek Cimt 0 votd fhowe) £ cour <4 ¢ 4% Clocs devived’L public bae |) 245 cahenle imt KY pubke: votd wn oi Lad55 i Clos devived2 + publee derived peal tosh { t Obl votd Shows) { couk <4 6 <4 frau dhived int om 3} public » Vowd germ) 4 met york Showm() § cour << oh Shon) 5 PToov». tek? Obs. Suremcic Ob». Show kO) Ob». Shonant) YU usar 0 iG f ckd Bake class Imhentamce jeu possi vle do éahent a bake clas as protected » dome, atl public & protect af auembus OF the aM s become protected nuenubers of the derived lacs Ht imduds 2 tocts ean > aed naiude spate Cid 5 Class bate prolecled: teat 4,5 5 [Private b hare Aucessarle by denve! public! Gold éebiy Cin a, dmtb) f izas3~b-t Void shawty C) 4 cout x b <2" "az jdk Sycot f Getay CU, 12) 4 auets posers 447 aud SoU C yee Kae< Vord Let ehowe) f tow nmaian ©) £ grived ob; // ob wij 2)? Sau oo patected au desieed Ob.cuKd), Hob pubic augaubts? OF Ob. snow (95 OR publte mueaubert of usiv 6b. ShowipOs H clegal Zhon ij v pe of She danved Yeturm oO)Tmheribarg Multiple Bake cla : 1 csivle or a denved clacc timber derived Omnents Protected » imk x pub Ke void Showxd) § Coureg 7 ) AL derived Ob} Aeparant & eat bare Ob. sek (10, 20) 5 cla Ahould have 6b. Shown) 5 MH dicplay 10 | Access Lpeuipine G pul ob. Shang 5 [| —» 5 return 05 - 20henlance major quethomt “that a t and dostracort Orem he tahoot acs & donved clawe ComAractors yostvuctsst art called an parannclere be paksed fo bare clos mstyuctors Comvtrutiors & Dettruttv7s axe executed porsire fora bare date , aderved claet fe Comiaim Com\ruclort ava [er destruces Emrportamt to ymderhtand the orcas um Ohich these fameboms are executed dem amr Object Clerived class Comet émdo ekictamce aud Ahem Ut Jo Our of exrtctamce H imclude x iostyeauy Using mMomnecpaie Ad 5 Clogs bate public: base 6) t come £4" tomsdvuctiong bare\” a og bose \'3 4 base? £ cower 44" Daitvuch: b, clay denved + public bare £ public: derived ©) — dined ©) & covd £2 {cow ne toad ruttiay avd wm perieuchoy poe; &objeet Lomsls ut b) ‘ cam ple Aiaupl ply Ihic program Comitrecharg bake Comitruch ay dinved Dettvachg alevived Detdvech we bare cux ot der F Combtrechs& are executed anther oF Dettyudess ave executed tm Yeverse oschs Cake OF Maltipk Imhentamee The Lanne rule APPS H incuck < fotfyeau.hs —// ekamuple om maldileel|end Imhentame u oe Mamses pare tol 5 Clas bakes public: based) f cour 44° coouhruchong bere\n my busel) 4 cour <2" Duirutbag dear”) 5 0 clos deviveds } pablre bare public: demvecl Wf cow <<" Comabsustiog deavsd3\) wv ded 40 $ cour ed" Des choy dsaved 20h byclass denvec2 + public deniveds public derived 20) § denvedl2 Ob omstrect destruct obs ¥ our pat of Clhic proqrann Combrachng hare Comptstech ag devived § Commiruch ay derived 2 Dettruchoy devived > Destseuchng derive 1 Destouch og bare Examaple om Muldple Imhentamce ft imulude 2 iotteaus Ca mranmecpace Sty Class baser public! baserc) £ courea” Coniruekong aver ¥ based & coupe” dechuchag bued \n i} ia Clase base2 ‘ £ public: pase rer Cout2é " Conmtyuch ng basea\or 5 $ | wv bose 2O? f cours" Distracting bure>\n ah | bpubke bare 2 clas denver Oe bare, eats ot conmtruch4 ‘ deaved” ay deaved ) § cowr ale £ public | w denived © & cout <2" per coy | b> tay mata cd derived Ob} 270 1 comjruth dod Destruct ob ra yetum 03 Tp Bz olp fy Lop Comedyecth ore J “4 apoe =>pd Cooanty uth ay bune> Comaruchag Derived Detsuchag besved Destruckag bane 2 | Destruchoy bone) A | Nole « ' — #Com\yuctes Art ‘called va Ovdy ot durivatioon deviver! gabentaate ksh ordtx ¥egnt lyfanmaredey 5 a ; avamacley¢ -ty Bare cleats commlruchs? pe possible pa asanueters f'svan alevivicl clace Comly tetoes to bane class comlyuctos — General foram in at pollens devved amlruchy Carg-lict) | bared (aq list) bane ( t M1 body of derived Comtlructe } H imeludi< tortreauy Asiana manver pace ad) lace base 5 Protected ! imt L 5 Couk 24 Cons pubwe + base Liat) ee) whune C) { cour dd” petraciy $ class denved * { puble bare ior 3°, public /} Denyed Uses x5) Yo pasted along fo bar yi) devved Cimt & » imt yt barely) 249 C t Jen) Commbrachag devived (cee { cour <4" pectruchag dived”, vdoiwed ©) WY vor Gh C) f cow ds ¢ 42 s, eS }fo Clh xamuple derived Comuyuctos Joclasil ay dabierg nuetert x andy. However Devivel wer Ook heat a base class i» imhivled as pavate, all eapbers OF Shak Clast becom publcc aud protected a embers Of cfhe devived! class . However , im certain assy foamt Jo wostore ome oy maoze Emhented sermon’ to onigiaal access Sa Phis vo possible da Crt by uikng aces dedavabom 2 : clos bare f public: imy > W public es base $5 // Tenhint bide as private class devived | private bare t public Y heen acces declarahom bases: dT) // mate 3 public agaionexample bane ex inherited as privale by derived public amembeu 3 1 anadk a private eucabe of lerived class. Jloweves ny mulucliong Jag pase: Hib tow 3 im pubic im dlevived a0 tere declasahom meer dhnved's publee headiag public Adatos EX. dhe fi Uoriang prograc eUlastyare Abom 5 moter how co odes aceass detlavahow Fy Seti t) anal geticy ch public Status F include 4 iostyeany Usiag manvespace Md 5 Clasé base 5 imt 4, 4 prvate ty base public: im 5k » void febi Cimba) { t= 2%} éent gett ©) § retuim OF bs I) inhente dhe bane as private Class derived : private bake s public: baker: J jH] make J public agun pases! Seti $)s// mate sei punlic panes! gx TOs! aware gett public Hi toanest hy A Hhegad » you cane cleat acer’ imt a |} publee iantidiy Clhis prigsama HH vonlodh 4 (co stseaur) 4 anaamespace Cd; 0% bake imk 2 5 Y M deivid) iomherttes bave class diviveds + public bare public: tm ) y 5,wh both denvedy ) deavid are piee oF bare bryietd W public deviveds , pubbe denved public: fmt cum ain ¢ ) denveds ob 5 Ob t= 103 HM this 0 aembi ou, x Ob.J = Qo Ob.k = 30} 4 4 o aambeguous hese ho Ob Summ= Ob + 0b.5 FOb-K 4 1 also ambiguous Nnic & 2 Cou £4 Ob da” ” Coux << 0bd KK" " 2g bik 44 Couk << Ob tar} vetuim o! h Im che above prvgsams both denivedd aud cyived 2 fl i dS aut imheri base, Honeves dlerivtc!4 jtherile both devised Cerived2 This mncams clhere at px copies oO} bare3 Theryptr objec! OF type deny 13 } MW expr esinrom Like Obi- te - ferived L Hin Ate eens hee the Atatew thevintly ambiguous foo ways this amaguily cam be overconue by =7 Using Ccope resoluboar opesaha mg base clase as virtual C aboe trauple dense} 5 darived2 an virtual Scop retolubear gpevatry ci “the abovt example tant mata ¢) devivids Ob ; Ob. denved 1: t= 105M Scope vedelved use denveds's 4 opt setleve ob sum = ob-deivediiid +0b- dF tank » /s«asc denvedt : virtual public base imt 35, public 4; Class derived2 . Virtual public base f public: Im k 5 b J+ denved3 tathents both denvedt aud denrid2 these w domly dare Copy of base clase «) clase derived » pubkic denvidt , public deni tent Sum 5 pubke ton maior C) t devived3 Ob5 ob.t = 05H men umainbrgous Ob J+ 203 by = 30+ A vananmbagous | Ch AC) HO cour 44 ob Sum a t yeduin 0}