Soil Pollution

VIDYAVARDHNI INSTITUTE OF TECHOLOGY,PAL

MICRO PROJECT REPORT ON

Soil pollution
Under the Guidance of

Course Name – Environmental Studies

[EST-22447]

Class – CO-5-I
Diploma in Computer Engineering
(2024-2025)

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BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Roll no. 1 3 of V Semester of Diploma in Computer

Engineering of Institute, VVIT, Pal (Code: 1207) has completed the Micro Project

satisfactorily in Subject EST for the academic year 2024-25 as prescribed in the curriculum.

SR.NO NAME ROLL.NO Enrollment No Seat No

1. Saniya Ramchandra 13 2212070036

Haladkar
2. Pooja Rajaram Patil 40 22120700

3. Siddhi Sudhakar Patil 55 22120700

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principle

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INDEX

CONTENT PAGE NO.

ANNEXURE-IA:

● AIM OF PROJECT 6
● ACTION PLAN
6
● RESOURCE USED
7

ANNEXURE-IIA:

● INTRODUCTION 9 TO 10
● BRIEF DISCRIPTION 11 TO 17
● COURSE OUTCOME
18

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ANNEXURE – IA

AIM OF PROJECT

● DETERMINE THE POLLUTION

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● DETERMINE THE SOIL POLLUTION AND THEIR COUSES, EFFECTS,

PREVENTITIVE MEASURES ETC.

ACTION PLAN

SR.NO DATAILS OF ACTIVITY PLANNED RESPONCIBLE

WEEK MEMBER

1 Finalizing the project title August second All

week
2 Finalizing project format August first week All

3 Collecting the information September second All

and third week

4 Categorizing information in September first All

proper manner week

5 Writing brief description October second All

week

6 Typing of project October third and All

fourth week

7 Printing of the project November first All

week

RESOURCE REQURIED

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SR.NO NAME OF RESOURCE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

1 Tech- knowledge Publication Book

2 Nirali Publication Book

3 Internet Google

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ANNEXURE – IIA

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 INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS MEANT BY POLLUTION

Pollution or environmental pollution is the contamination of air,

water, soil, or land by solid, liquid, or gaseous substances or any forms of energy
like heat, sound, and radioactivity. It has adverse or harmful effects on human
beings, animals, or plants in our environment. The substances which are
responsible for water pollution, air pollution, and land or soil pollution of our
environment are called pollutants

TYPES OF POLLUTION (NATURAL AND MANMADE)

 NATURAL POLLUTION

Pollution is understood to mean the natural or anthropogenic

pollution of the living environment by polluting nature with harmful substances
such as toxins, microorganisms and radioactive material.

 CAUSES NATURAL POLLUTION

• Forest fire
• Dust storm
• Volcanic eruption
• Desert dust
• Sea spray

 MANMADE POLLUTION

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Man-made pollution refers to the contamination of the

environment by human activities, resulting in unfavorable conditions for both
wildlife and humans. It takes various forms such as the release of chemicals
(pesticides, herbicides, plastics, etc.), mining runoff, air pollution, sewage, and
light pollution. These pollutants have caused significant contamination problems,
especially in aquatic ecosystems, leading to the decline and extinction of many
species, particularly amphibians. Industrial processes, such as coal mining and
combustion, contribute to atmospheric pollution through the release of dust and
gases, including carbon-containing dust.

 TYPES MANMADE POLLUTION

• Soil Pollution
• Air Pollution
• Water Pollution
• Noise Pollution

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 BRIEF DISCRIPTION

 SOIL POLLUTION

Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals

(pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to
human health and/or the ecosystem. In the case of contaminants which occur
naturally in soil, even when their levels are not high enough to pose a risk, soil
pollution is still said to occur if the levels of the contaminants in soil exceed the
levels that should naturally be present.

 SOIL POLLUTION

• Industrial Pollution

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The discharge of industrial waste into soils can result in soil

pollution. In India, as mining and manufacturing activities are increasing
rapidly, soil degradation is also increasing. The extraction of minerals from
the earth is responsible for affecting soil fertility. Whether it is iron ore or
coal, the by-products are contaminated, and they are disposed of in a manner
that is not considered safe. As a result, the industrial waste stays on the soil
surface for a long duration and makes it unsuitable for further use.

• Agricultural Activities

The use of insecticides and pesticides for a long period can

cause soil pollution. Repetitive use can cause insects and pests to become
resistant to it. Instead of killing pests and insects, it degrades the soil quality.
They are full of chemicals that are not produced in nature and cannot be
broken down by them. As a result, they seep into the ground after they mix
with water and slowly reduce the fertility of the soil. Plants absorb many of
these pesticides, and after decomposition cause soil pollution.

• Waste Disposal

Disposal of plastics and other solid waste is a serious

issue that causes soil pollution, disposal of electrical items such as batteries
causes an adverse effect on the soil due to the presence of harmful
chemicals. Eg. lithium present in batteries can cause the leaching of soil.
Human waste such as urine, faces, diapers, etc. is dumped directly in the
land. It causes both soil and water pollution.

• Acid Rain

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It is caused when pollutants present in the air mix with

the rain and fall back on the ground. The polluted water could dissolve away
some of the essential nutrients found in soil and change the structure of the
soil thus making it unsuitable for agriculture.

• Heavy Metals

The presence of heavy metals (such as lead and

mercury) in very high concentrations present in soils can cause them to
become highly toxic for human beings.

• Oil Spills

Oil leaks can happen during the storage or transport of

chemicals, the chemicals present in the fuel deteriorates the quality of soil
and make them unsuitable for further cultivation, chemicals can also enter
into the groundwater through the soil, and hence it will make water
undrinkable.

 Effects of Soil Pollution

Soil pollution affects the health of humans, plants, and

animals. Crops or plants grown on such contaminated soil absorb toxic
material from the soil and will decrease the agricultural output of the land.
When animals or human beings consume these crops or plants the toxic
material can pass into their body.

Long-term consumption of these crops may cause chronic

diseases that are untreatable. Children are usually more susceptible to

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exposure to contaminants because they come in close contact with the soil
by playing in the ground, So, it is always important to test the quality of the
soil before allowing kids to play there, especially in an industrialized area.

• Effects of Soil Pollution on Human Health

The contamination of soil has a major consequence on

human health. Crops and plants that are grown on polluted soil absorb most
of the pollution and then pass them to humans. Living, working, or playing
in contaminated soil can lead to respiratory diseases, skin diseases, and other
health problems. Diseases caused by soil pollution include Irritation of the
skin and the eyes, Headaches, nausea, vomiting, Coughing, pain in the chest,
and wheezing.

• Effects on Plants

In such a short period of time, plants are unable to

adapt to the soil change chemistry. Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that
bind them together start to decline, which creates an additional problem in
soil erosion. Regular use of chemical fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers,
pesticides will decrease the fertility of the soil and alter the structure of soil.
This will lead to a decrease in soil quality and poor quality of crops. The
fertility of the soil diminishes slowly, making land unsuitable for agriculture
and any local vegetation to survive.

 Preventive Measures for Soil Pollution

• Generating Energy from Waste Products

We can stop soil pollution by producing our own energy

from our waste products which are called biogas. The largest energy source in the

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making of biogas is methane gas. The animals and human manure together help to
make biogas.

After the gas extraction in the biogas process, the mud left
can be used as a fertilizer for crops. “Biogas is a mixture of carbon dioxide,
methane, hydrogen Sulphide, and some moisture.

• Adopting Organic Farming

Agriculture and food industries have become almost

inorganic. So, we must keep the agriculture and food industries clean and prevent
the soil from the poisonous chemicals flowing from those industries. To stop that,
we can switch to organic farming. There are many benefits of organic farming
that will promote good health among us and maintain ecosystem balance.

• Improving Waste Management Practices

Poor waste management is another major contributor to

soil pollution; This includes things like improperly disposing of hazardous
materials, not recycling, and littering.

As soil pollution occurs in soil, we should keep the land

clean to prevent land pollution. We shouldn’t throw trash here and there. People
should use dustbins for collecting trash in one place. We have to throw all the junk
in it instead of spreading it everywhere. Improving our waste management
practices can help to reduce soil pollution.
Companies can reduce trash by using less packaging on
their products. Things like smaller, thinner plastic, bottle caps, and more compact
packaging have played a major role in reducing the amount of trash and hence
preventing soil pollution.

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• Avoiding the Use of Harmful Chemicals

We should reduce the number of fertilizers for our crops

as excess fertilizers make the soil acidic and can pollute soil and groundwater. So,
it is crucial to avoid using them unless absolutely necessary. If they must be used,
they should be used according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

• Educating Others About Soil Pollution

Educating others about the importance of preventing soil

pollution can go a long way in protecting our planet. By spreading the word, we
can all work together to keep our soil clean and healthy.

Also, control measures of soil pollution are not only related

to humans. Many animals are affected by soil pollution, whether it’s from
chemicals or litter. Other living organisms also have the same right to live in a
fresh environment. And the human is making this environment polluted by their
unacceptable activities.

By getting involved in animal protection organizations or

simply educating yourself on the issue, you can help make a difference for these
animals.

• Make Compost

Finally, we can help prevent soil pollution by

composting food scraps, yard waste, and animal waste instead of sending them to
landfills. This helps keep harmful chemicals and pollutants out of the soil while
also providing a nourishing addition to your garden.

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 COURSE OUTCOME

We understood the Soil pollution and their causes, effects, preventive

measures etc.

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MICRO PROJECT

Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

ANEEXURE II

Academic Year: 2023-24 Name of the Faculty:

Course: EST Course code: 22447 Semester: V

Title of the Project Cos addressed by Micro Project:

Soil Polution

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project

(a) Practical outcome:

(b)Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

Sr.no Student name Marks out of Marks ou of Total out of

6 for 4 for 10
performance performance
in project in
activity presentation
Saniya Ramchandra
1. Haladkar

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2. Pooja Rajaram Patil

3. Siddhi Sudhakar Patil

Signature of Faculty
(
)

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