HOME ECONOMICS REVIEWER

HOME ECONOMICS
Defining a variety of activities that require a level

of skill in the household.

Also known as “homemaking” or “domestic science”.

“Family and Consumer Science”

Areas of Home Economics

1. Human Development

2. Food and Nutrition

3. Financial Management

4. Clothing and Textile

5. Shelter and Housing

FAMILY

all such related persons are considered as members of one family. is a group of two or more persons related by
birth, marriage, blood or adoption who live together.

Various Family Structure

● NUCLEAR FAMILY- is a family group consisting of parents and their children, typically living in one home residence.

● EXTENDED FAMILY- a family that extends beyond the nuclear family of parents and their children to include
aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins or other relatives, all living nearby or in the same household.

● BLENDED FAMILY- A stepfamily is a family where at least one parent has children who are not biologically related
to their spouse. Either parent, or both, may have children from previous relationships or marriages.

● MATRILOCAL FAMILY-matrilocal residence rule specifies that a daughter stays with or near her family after
marriage and her husband moves to where her family resides.

●PATRILOCAL FAMILY- patrilocal residence rule specifies that a son stays with or near his family after marriage and
his wife moves to where his family resides.

● CHILDLESS FAMILY-families with two partners who cannot have or don't want kids.

● SINGLE PARENT FAMILY- is a person who has a child or children but does not have a spouse or live-in partner to
assist in the upbringing or support of the child.

● POLYGYNY FAMILY-is the practice of one man being married to multiple women at the same time.

MARRIAGE

-also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called
spouses.

-is the state of being united as spouses in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law.

Importance of Marriage

● Emotional and psychological support

● Cultural and religious significance

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● Family stability

● Happiness and well being

● Legal and financial benefits

The Basic of Baby Care

The early years of a child's life are critical for their development and overall health. Proper nutrition, hygiene, and
regular health care play vital roles in shaping a child's growth and well-being.

BABY CARE ESSENTIALS

FEEDING THE BABY

-Importance of Proper Nutrition in Early Childhood

The first years of a human life are very vital for development and growth.

BABY’S HYGIENE
-is important for a child because it helps prevent illnesses and infections by reducing exposure to harmful germs
and bacteria.

DRESSING THE BABY

-Proper dressing and care for babies are part of the baby's basic hygiene. But in doing so, there are steps and
procedure in order to ensure the correct action and safety for your baby.

BABY’S HEALTH CARE

Ensuring your baby's health care is crucial for their growth and development.

1. Regular Check-ups

- Schedule regular pediatric appointments to monitor your baby's growth, vaccinations, and overall health.

2. Vaccinations

- Follow the recommended vaccination schedule to protect your baby from various diseases. Vaccinations are crucial in the first two years.

3. Nutrition

- Breastfeeding:Recommended exclusively for the first six months. It provides essential nutrients and antibodies.

- Formula Feeding:If breastfeeding isn’t an option, infant formula is a suitable alternative.

- Solid Foods:Introduce solid foods around six months, starting with single-grain cereals, pureed fruits, and vegetables.

4. Sleep

- Ensure your baby has a safe sleep environment. Place them on their back to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

5. Hygiene

- Maintain good hygiene by regularly washing your hands and keeping your baby clean. Bathe your baby as needed, but avoid over-bathing,
which can dry out their skin.

6. Developmental Milestones

- Monitor your baby's developmental milestones, such as rolling over, sitting up, and crawling. Discuss any concerns with your pediatrician
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FRACTURE

-Medical term for a broken bone

CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

-is an emergency treatment that's done when someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped.
NOSEBLEED
-A nosebleed is when blood comes from your nose. It can also mean a high, less desirable seat in venue.
This can be caused by various factors such as dry air, allergies, sinus infections.
BURN
-By definition; is charaterized as a severe skin damage due to an intense heat or fire.
SPRAINED ANKLE
-A sprained ankle is an injury where sprain occurs on one or more ligaments of the ankle. It is the most
commonly occurring injury in sports, mainly in ball sports such as basketball, volleyball, football, and
tennis.
CHOKING
-Choking occurs when an object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe, blocking the flow of air. This
can be a life-threatening situation, as it cuts off oxygen to the brain.

ELDER CARE
-Eldercare, also known as senior care or elderly care, refers to the specialized services and support
provided to older adults, particularly those who may require assistance with daily activities due to aging,
health conditions, or disabilities.
TYPES OF ELDER CARE
- ADULT DAY CARE
- MEMORY CARE UNITS
- IN HOME CARE
- ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES
- NURSING HOMES

Young old (60 to 69 years)

-ICTs remain a challenging opportunity for a better life for the elderly.

MIDDLE old (70 to 79 years)

- This fear may be why many seniors are resistant to seeking help.
VERY old (80 years AND ABOVE) - chronicdiseases such as dementia and alzheimer are often
linked to a higher rate of injuries, functional limitations, and cognitive impairments. These results in an
increased need for medical attention and supportive long-term care services.
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Housekeeping
refers to the systematic process of maintaining a clean, organized, and well-functioning home or facility.
It involves a range of activities aimed at ensuring cleanliness, order, and safety in living or working
environments.

SKILLS REQUIRED FOR HOUSEKEEPING

Time Management
Attention to Detail
Physical Stamina
Problem-Solving
Communication Skills
(for professional housekeepers)

TOOLS & EQUIPMENTS

The right tools make housekeeping easier
and more effective. Common housekeeping
tools include:
-Vacuum Cleaners: For cleaning carpets and floors.
-Mops and Brooms: For sweeping and mopping hard surfaces.
-Cleaning Cloths and Sponges: For wiping surfaces.
-Detergents and Disinfectants: For cleaning and sanitizing different surfaces.
-Organizational Tools: Bins, shelves, and hooks for sorting and organizing items

Occupational Health and Safety Practices at Home

The primary purpose of occupational health and safety programs is to create a safe and a healthy home.

When OHS standards are implemented, it allows family members to perform their roles in a safer and
more secure environment, free from any major hazards

Home safety is significant for people of all ages. Young children may be at risk for injury or suffering
from unintentional poisoning, falls from heights, drowning, or scalds and burns. Older adults are
commonly at risk for falls because of decreases in eyesight or mobility.

Hazard
-A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone

Risk
-is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if
exposed to a hazard.
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IMPORTANCE OF HOUSE HOLD RESOURCES

Household resources are essential for maintaining a stable and functional home environment. They
include financial resources, time, physical assets, and human capital (skills and knowledge). Together,
these resources foster a secure, healthy, and productive living environment.

HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES:

Financial Stability: Adequate income and savings enable families to

meet basic needs, plan for emergencies, and invest in the future.

Time Management: Effective use of time allows households to balance

work, leisure, and responsibilities, contributing to overall well-being.

Physical Assets: Having access to durable goods (like appliances and

furniture) enhances comfort and efficiency in daily life.

Human Capital: Skills and knowledge improve decision-making and

problem-solving, empowering households to navigate challenges
effectively.

HUMAN BASIC NEEDS

WATER
Necessity: Essential for
drinking, cooking, and
hygiene.
Health: Prevents
diseases and supports
overall well-being.
ELECTRICITY
Convenience: Powers
appliances and
communication devices.
Safety: Provides lighting
and heating for comfort
and security.
FOOD
Nutrition: Essential for
health and energy.
Cultural Role: Central to
family traditions and
gatherings

CLOTHES
Protection: Shields from weather and ensures comfort.
Identity: Reflects personal and cultural identity.
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QUALITIES OF GOOD HOME OWNER AND HOME MAKER

ORGANIZATIONAL SKILL • Home-makers take responsibility for organizing the home and maintaining its
cleanliness. On the other hand, a good home-owner is responsible for organizing repairs and
maintenance and keeping records of property expenses. The ability to plan and prioritize each
obligations efficiently and doing all these tasks is a lifelong skill, one that should start at early adulting
years until one grows to become mature enough to handle his or her own family and home.

TIME MANAGEMENT SKILL • A good home-maker and home-ownerneeds to balance the demands of
maintaining a home with other responsibilities, such as caring for children or working outside the home.
Both roles require good time management skills to stay on top of all the daily demands and
responsibilities.

PROBLEM SOLVING SKILL • As you go on, you should learn, process, and be able to identify problems and
find effective solutions to address them. A homemaker may need to find creative storage solutions or
find ways to stay within a tight budget.

KEEN ATTENTION TO DETAIL • Attention to detail is another essential quality of an exceptional home
maker and home-owner. You should pay attention to small details, like for instance in keeping the kitchen
clean or arranging furniture in a way that maximizes space. An attentive home-owner immediately
notices small maintenance issues and fix them before they turn into bigger problems.

RESOURCEFULNESS • Is crucial for effective homemaking. A mom can save money by planning meals
with inexpensive ingredients, while a dad can focus on home maintenance and learn DIY skills to find
cost-effective solutions. Together, these efforts help manage household expenses and improve family
life.

ATTENTION TO SAFETY AND SECURITY • A homemaker and homeowner should ensure that the home is
safe for family members and visitors, such as by keeping hazardous materials out of reach and installing
smoke detectors around the house. • A wise homemaker and homeowner should know how to choose a
property within a safe and secure community.

FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY • Under this area, you should know how to manage expenses carefully and
how to be disciplined in sticking to a budget. This also includes managing the property's finances
carefully, such as by keeping expenses at bay, and for homeowners, making sure that rental income
covers his expenses.

Budgeting
-is a plan you write down to decide how you will spend your money each month.
IMPORTANCE OF BUDGETING
-HELPS MANAGE FINANCES
-PREVENTS OVERSPENDING
-ENSURES FINANCIAL STABILITY

TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL BUDGETING

-Adapt strategies to your situation:

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-Single:Save and invest
-Families:Use budgeting apps,plan for future needs.
-General Tips:
-Track expenses, prioritize needs, review monthly.

HOUSEHOLD RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

DECISION MAKING
-is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing
alternative resolutions.

STEPS IN DECISION MAKING

1) Defining the Problem
2) Searching the Alternatives
3) Analysing the Alternatives
4) Take action
5) Accepting the Consequences of the Decision

HOME MANAGEMENT

- Is a process of properly maintaining a home and property and overseeing necessary household
activities.

4 STEPS FOR IN HOME MANAGEMENT

PLANNING

ORGANIZING

IMPLEMENTING

EVALUATING
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Body Measurement Tools, Materials and Equipment in Sewing.
Sewing Tools and Equipment
Measuring Tools

- Drafting Tools
- Cutting Tools
- Marking Tools
- Sewing Aids
Measuring Tape - commonly known as tapeline and made of non- stretchable strip.

It has two calibrated side :150 centimeters

60 inches

Ruler - It is used to connect two points in connecting two lines specifically in drafting pattern.

Meter stick or Yard stick - this is used to measure cloth of fabric by meter or yard, marked off
centimeters and millimeters and usually made of wood or steel.

DRAFTING TOOLS

L square - an aluminum ruler with 90 degrees angle used in drawing perpendicular lines and to measure
off parallel lines. Used to construct lines by connecting its two arms perpendicularly.

Hip curve - it is a curve stick used to form the hipline and other areas of the garments which has curve
sections or parts.

French Curve - this is to shape the neckline, armholes and collars during the drafting of pattern or
cutting the fabric ready for sewing.

CUTTING TOOLS

Shears - these are used for cutting fabric, paper.

Types of Shears:

a.Cutting shears

b.Pinking shears

c. Scalloping shears

Scissors - these are used for cutting threads, excess fabrics coming out of seam.

Buttonhole Scissors- this is a special kind of scissors used for making or cutting buttonholes. The blades
have square shape found at the joint of scissors to control the cutting of fabric or cloth of the buttonhole
area.
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Embroidery Scissors - these are used in embroidery work in cutting fine delicate cloth and thread. They
are sharp pointed scissors usually 4-5 inches long.

Seam Ripper - this is used in cutting off stitches of a seam. During the ripping process, extra care must
be taken to prevent the cloth from being damaged.

MARKING TOOLS

Tailor’s Chalk - is used to mark the fabric and pattern paper. This is available in different colors and is
made of hard chalk.

Tracing Wheels - is used to trace the lines in the pattern to penetrate to the fabric. Its serrated edge
produces the dots on the fabric.

Dressmaker’s Carbon Paper - this is specially waxed carbon paper fitted underneath the fabric so the
tracing wheel marking will be transferred to the fabric.

SEWING AIDS

Pin - used to fasten or hold two or three fabrics or materials together.

Pin Cushion - a small cushion used to hold pins and needles for safekeeping.

Hand Needles - used for temporary stitches , hemming, and other hand sewing purposes.

Thimble - a small up used to protect the finger from being pricked by the needle during sewing.

Threader - is used to insert thread to the needle eye. It has a diamond shape wire attached to a handle
made of thin plate aluminum.
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HANDICRAFT
-is the “traditional” main sector of the crafts, it is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are
made completely by hand or by using only simple tools. The word Handicraft are made by two words
HAND and CRAFT.

HAND -mean by made of hand or simple tools in making of any item.

CRAFT -mean a unique expression that represents a culture, tradition and the heritage of a country that
mean handicraft is a unique expression by using art on any items.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HANDICRAFTS

1. Pottery - this involves shaping clay into various forms and then firing it to create ceramic objects.
Techniques include hand-building, wheel-throwing, and glazing.
Example: Traditional earthenware pots used for cooking or storage.

2. Weaving - the process of interlacing threads to create textiles. Techniques include plain weave, twill
weave, and tapestry weaving.
Example: Indigenous textiles like the T'nalak from the T'boli tribe in the Philippines

3. Wood Carving - the art of shaping wood into decorative or functional objects using tools like chisels
and knives.
Example: The intricate wooden santos (saints) used in Filipino religious art.

4. Embroidery - the craft of decorating fabric with needle and thread, creating intricate patterns and
designs.
Example: The traditional Filipino barong Tagalog, often adorned with elaborate embroidery.

5. Crochet - a technique for creating fabric from yarn using a crochet hook, resulting in items like
blankets, hats, and scarves.
Example: Crocheted doilies and tablecloths that add decorative touches to homes.

6. Knitting - the process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn with knitting needles, used to
make garments and accessories.
Example: Hand-knit sweaters and scarves made from locally-sourced yarn.

7. Jewelry Making- creating wearable art using materials like beads, metals, and gemstones.
Example: Beaded necklaces and earrings inspired by traditional designs.

8. Origami- The literal meaning of origami is "fold" (ori or oru) and "paper" (gami or kami). The art of
paper folding is enjoyed around the world as a pastime and is thought to have come from Japan, where
it was originally used for decorative and ceremonial purposes.
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