Mth105 Mathematics For Management Sciences I Summary

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MTH105 MATHEMATICS FOR MANAGEMENT SCIENCES I
One important instrument for communication but not easily mentioned is

the use of .
figures
are major instrument used for expression especially where large data
are involved.
Figures
Figures are major instrument used for

expression
Figures are major instrument used for expression especially where are
involved.
large data
Figures are major instrument used for expression especially where large
are involved.
data
makes expression very concise in explanation and interpretation.

Figures
is the science of numbers and shape.

Mathematics
Mathematics is the science of and shape.

numbers
Mathematics is the science of numbers and .

shape
Mathematics is the science of and .

numbers and shape
The use of symbols or letters as an aspect of Mathematics is referred to

as
Arithmetic algebra
is a letter that is made to represent a statement or an argument.

Symbol

is the science of reasoning or explaining events.
Logic
Logic is
the science of reasoning or explaining events
could be defined as the study and analysis of a mathematical

proposition as to ascertain the Truth Value of the proposition.
Logic
The of a proposition is termed “T” if it is true and “F” if it is false.

TRUTH VALUE
The following are objectives of symbolic logic reasoning

1. Logical reasoning could be used to ascertain or analyze complicated
business argument.
2. It could be used to decode equivalent, negation or contradictory
propositions.
3. It could be used to analyze a statement.
4. It could be used to form composite statements from simple ones using
logical connectives.
5. It could be used to ascertain the Truth Value of a statement.
A in the context of logic is a declarative sentences or an expression of

words which are either true or false, but cannot assume both.
statement
A statement is also called

Proposition
There are types of statements

Two
There are two types of statements: and

simple and composite
Example of Simple Statement

1. Mr. Alakija is the H.O.D
2. I am an undergraduate
3. Rose flower is red
4. 2 + 5 = 4
5. Accra is in Nigeria
A statement is the use of connectives to combine two or more simple

statements to form just one.
composite

Example of Composite Statements
1. Mr. Alakija is the H.O.D and I am an under graduate
2. Accra is in Nigeria implies that 2 + 5 = 4
The of a composite statement is determined by the Truth Value of
each of the simple statements and the way they are connected.
Truth Value
are expressions; phrases or symbols that are made used of, to join
(combine) two or more simple statements together in order to form a
composite statement.
Connectives
Examples of connectives used in logic are:
The negation of contradiction is a

tautology
The negation of tautology is a .

contradiction
is said to be formed when the conjunction of a set of simple

mathematical statements gives rise to another mathematical statement
(conclusion).
An Argument
An argument may be or .
valid or invalid
Any logical statement can be represented by the letter

p, q, r…
The fundamental property of a logical statement is that

it is either true or false but not both
The of p and q is denoted by p  q.

disjunction
If (p) is a given proposition, its is denoted by (~ p) meaning it is not (p),

or it is false that (p).

negation
The intersection or the union of two similar sets is the same set.
True
q is a conditional statement, then (if q then p) is called theIf p of the

conditional statement.
converse statement
is a mathematical model which allows the enumeration, display,

manipulation and processing of both small and large volumes of vectors
(numbers in this context) easily; in order to achieve a desired result.
Matrix algebra
A is a rectangular array of numbers with reference to specific rules

governing the array.
matrix
A matrix is
a rectangular array of numbers with reference to specific rules
governing the array
The dimension of a matrix is the size of the matrix, which is denoted by, (m
x n) called matrix, where m is the number of rows and n is the number
of columns.
m by n
Any matrix, which has the same number of rows and columns, is
called
a square matrix
Any matrix of dimension (m x n) with all its elements equal to .

zero
is a matrix in which all its diagonal elements are one (1) where all
other elements are zero.
Identify matrix
is a matrix that has elements only on its diagonal.

Diagonal matrix
The of a matrix is the interchanging of its row with the column.

transpose
The is the interchanging of its row with the column.

transpose of a matrix
Let matrix A be (m x n), then matrix A T is (n x m) called

the transpose
is a matrix in which its transpose is equal to itself.

Symmetric matrix
Two matrices are said to be if their corresponding elements are the

same.
equal
Two or more matrices can be added or subtracted if they are of same

dimension.
True
A matrix is said to be if the determinant is equal to zero.

Singular
For a matrix to be singular, it‟ s determinant equal to .

zero
is defined to be the matrix obtained by replacing every number a ij of

the given matrix A by its cofactor in the determinant of A.
Cofactor matrix
The transpose CT of C is called the of A or Adj A.

Adjoint
forms the basis of various techniques used in solving cumbersome

business and technical related situations.
matrix algebra
A is a single row or column matrix.

vector
are quantities which are completely specified by numbers which

measure their magnitude in terms of some chosen units but have no definite
direction in space.
Scalars
Examples of scalars are: speed, energy, mass, density, time, length, work,
temperature e.t.c.
A is a physical quantity which has magnitude and direction.

vector
can be defined as a directed line segments.

Vector
Examples of vectors are: velocity, acceleration, displacement, force, e.t.c.

The following are the types of vectors
 Free Vectors
 Time and related Vectors
 Point located Vectors
 Position Vector
have magnitude and direction but have no particular position

associated with them e.g. Displacement.
Free vectors
are located along a straight line e.g. Force.

Time related vectors
is a vector whose position in space is fixed in addition to its

magnitude and direction. e.g a position vector.
Point located vector
is a vector say PQ which is drawn from a fixed point P which gives the
displacement of the point Q from the point P.
Position vector
A vector can be represented by directed where the length and

direction of the segment corresponds to the magnitude and direction of the
vectors.
line segment
The of two vectors is defined by the triangular rule

addition
The addition of two vectors is defined by the

triangular rule
The of vector can be considered as the addition of its negative.

Subtraction
The subtraction of vector can be considered as the addition of its .

negative
A complex variable z is of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers
and i is called the .
imaginary number
Two complex numbers z1 and z2 are equal

if their real parts are equal
A point P(x, y) means that P is in the (x, y)-plane, where x is called

the abscissa and y is the ordinate

The x and y coordinates of a point are called .
the rectangular Cartesian coordinates of the point
A is formed when two points are joined together.

straight line
The of a straight line can be defied in respect to the angle of

inclination of the line with the x -axis i.e.
slope
The equation of a straight line is of the form y – mx + c
A good application of intercept of two lines is the .

Market Equilibrium
Two lines are sad to be if their gradient is the same

parallel
is the amount of goods requested for by customers at any point in

time.
Demand
The is the relationship between quantity and price of goods

demand curve
The demand curve can be represented in many forms such as

Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic
A is the locus of a curve (equidistant from a point).

circle
A could be described by its centre (fixed) and its radius.

circle
The is the distance between the centre of the circle and the
circumference.
radius
The radius is
the distance between the centre of the circle and the circumference
The following are properties of equation of a circle

1. The coefficient of the two variables x and y must be the same
2. There must be no term in xy
3. The equation must be second degree or simply in second degree of x and y
respectively.

A is a succession of numbers, of which each number is formed
according to a definite law which is the same throughout the series.
series
A is a succession of terms spanned by a rule or formula.

sequence
A sequence may be or .
finite or infinite
A sequence is one whose first and last element are known

finite
An sequence is one whose terms are uncountable.

infinite
is a sequence in which each term differs by a common difference.

Arithmetic Sequence (A. P)
A is a sequence in which each successive terms of the sequence are in

equal ratio.
geometric sequence
A is the term wise summation of a sequence.

series
describe what happen to a function f(x), as its variable x approaches a

particular number, say c.
Limits
could be said to be the inverse of integration .this shall be seen as we

continue in this section.
Differentiation
The process of finding f2(x) is called .

differentiation
is the inverse process of differentiation.

Integration
Integration is the inverse process of .

differentiation
Integration is the inverse process of differentiation.

True
is the point at which the curve is neither a maximum nor a minimum

value.
Point of Inflexion
At , the turning points are equal

point of inflexion
At point of inflexion, the value of the stationary point at the second

derivative is .
zero(0)
A function f(x) is said to have a relative maximum value at x = a if

f(a) is greater than immediately preceding and succeeding in values of
the function
The function f(x) is said to have a relative minimum value at x = a if

f(a) is smaller than immediately preceding and succeeding values of the
function
is the amount by which a resource is underutilized.

Slack
is the point at which the curve is neither a maximum nor a minimum

value
Point of reflexion
At point of inflexion, the turning points are

Equal
If the value of turning point in the second derivative is negative, then it is

a
Maximum point
If the value of turning point in the second derivative is positive, then it is

a
Minimum point
Stationary points are also called

turning point
The coordinate of the point of interception of the lines, 2x + 3y = 5 and x +

2y = 3, is
(1, 1)

If y = c, where c is a constant, then δyδx yields
0
Given the function H(x) =kx+3 for x < 2 3x2 – x + 3 for x ≥ 2 . The
values of „k‟ for which H(x) is continuous at x = 2 is
K=5
The limn→∞⁡7-2x is
7
The limit of function fx=12x as x→0, is

1
The limit of function fx=12x as x→2, is

¼
describe what happen to a function f(x), as its variable x approaches a

particular number, say c
Limit
The common ratio of the G.P 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, is

3
A is a sequence in which each successive terms of the sequence are in

equal ratio.
geometric progression
The 7th term of an A.P is 15 and the fourth term is 9. The first term and the
common difference are and respectively
3, 2
The 7th term of an A.P whose first term is 102 and common difference is -3
is
84
The square of common difference of the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, is

4
is a sequence in which each term differs by a common difference

Arithmetic progression
An infinite sequence is one whose terms are

Uncountable
is a succession of terms spanned by a rule or formula.

A sequence

time.
Demand
The demand curve is the relationship between quantity and of goods

Price
The demand curve is the relationship between quantity and price of goods
quantity
A physical quantity having both magnitude and direction is called

vector
The necessary and sufficient conditions for two lines to intercept are that
they must be and independent
consistent
A good application of intercept of two lines is the

market equilibrium
will the equation of a line (-1, -4) whose gradient is 1?

y=x-3
The equation of a straight line is of the form

y=mx+c
The distance between the pairs of points A(0, 1) and B(6, 9) is

10
By a point P(x, y) we mean that P is in th plane

(x, y)
zn = [r(cosθ + isinθ )]n is called the theorem

De Moivre’s
If z = x + iy, ⇒ z = r cosθ + r i sinθ is called the of z.

polar form
Let A be a square matrix where the element ai j = 0. For i > j, then A is

called
An upper triangular matrix
The distance between (0, 1) and (6, 9) is _

10
The gradient of the line perpendicular to x + 3y = 2 is

3

The determinant of is
-1
Let ; Given that |AB| =121, find the value of k

-3
For what value of m would the matrix be singular?

2
Calculate the distance between the points: A(0,1) and B(6,9)

10
The negation of tautology is a

contradiction
The magnitude of the vector is

13
he magnitude of the vector is

5
Two vectors are said to be if they are in equal direction

parallel
A is a succession of terms spanned by a rule or formula

sequence
A sequence in which each term differs by a common difference is known as
Arithmetic Sequence
The 6th term of an A.P whose first term is 102 and common difference is -3
is
87
The point at which the curve is neither a maximum nor a minimum value is
called point of
inflexion
The 11th term of an A.P whose first term is 102 and common difference is -
3
72
sequence is a sequence in which each successive terms of the

sequence are in equal ratio
geometric

finite
is the study and analysis of a mathematical proposition as to

ascertain the Truth Value of the proposition.
Logic
Lagos is a cosmopolitan state. The Truth Value of this is

true
There are two types of statements

simple and composite
The connective "∧" in logic is

conjunction
The connective "⇒ " in logic is a

conditional
The connective "∼" in logic is a

negative
The connective "⟺ " in logic is a

bi – implication

tautology

mathematical statements gives rise to another mathematical statement.
argument
MCQ10: If (p ∧ q) = p and ( p ∨ q) = p implies an

Idempototent Laws
If (p ∨ q) ∨ r = p ∨ (q∨ r) and (p ∧ q) ∧ r = p ∧ (q∧ r) implies an

Associate Laws
If (p ∧ q) = (q∧ p) and (p ∨ q) = (q∨ p) implies an

Commutative Laws
reads “the goods are standard and the goods are expensive
(p ∧ q)
reads “the goods are standard if and only if the goods are expensive”
(p ↔ q)
is equivalent to (p ∨ q)

(p ↔ q)
Which of the following statement is true?

(p ∨ q) ∧ ( p∨ r) = p∨ (q ∧ r )
Which of the following statement is true?

(~ (p∨ ~ q)= ~ (p∧~ q)
is a rectangular array of numbers with reference to specific rules

governing the array
Matrix
A matrix that has elements only on its diagonal is called

diagonal matrix
The of a matrix is the interchanging of its row with the column.
transpose matrix
A matrix in which its transpose is equal to itself is called

symmetric matrix
Given that A=123456 and B=123456, Find AB?

51215192631294051
Find the determinant of the A=2-456?

32
Given that A =123321132, Find the determinant of A

3
A matrix is said to be singular if the determinant is equal to

0
Given that 13k4 is a singular matrix. Find the value of k?

43
Given that A =201k23214, what is the value of k, if A is said be a singular

matrix?
-6
Given that x + 2y = 3, 3x + 4y =1. What is x and y?

-5, 4
Given that x + 2y + 3z =1, 3x + 2y + z = 4, x + 3y + 2z = 0. What is x,y and z?

74, - 34, 14
Let A =123450214, then the cofactor of matrix A is the matrix

20-16-6-5-23-1512-3

What is the common difference in the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
2
Calculate the determinant of the matrix A =123450214?

-10
Given the following equations for two related markets (A) and (B). Find the
equilibrium conditions for each market. What is the equilibrium price for
each marketxd (A) = 82 – 3PA + PB , xd (B) = 92 + 2PA - 4PB , xs (A)
= -5 + 15PA xs (A) = -6 + 32PB,where xd and xs denote quantity demanded
and quantity supplied respectively.
PA = 5, PB = 3 are the equilibrium prices for each market
A necessary and sufficient condition for a matrix (square) A to be invertible

is that
A≠0
What is the sum of AB→, -CB→, CD→, − ED→.

AE→
Two lines are said to be parallel if

All the options
Find the coordinate of the point of interception of the lines: 2x + y = 5 ; x + y

= 3MCQ45: Let the gradient of a line be 3, find the equation of the line at
point (1,2)
y = 2x
Find the equation of the line which is parallel to 3x + 2y = 5 and passes

through the point (2, -4)
Answer: 3x + 2y = -2
Find the equation of the line which is parallel to 3x - 2y = 5 and passes

through the point (-2, -4)
-3x + 2y = -2
Find the equation of line that passes through the points: A(2, 3) and B(4, 6)
2y =3x

ascertain the Truth Value of the proposition.
Logic
Lagos is a cosmopolitan state. The Truth Value of this is

true
The connective "∧" in logic is a

conjunction
The connective "⇒ " in logic is a

conditional
The connective "∼" in logic is a

negative
The connective "⟺ " in logic is a

bi – implication

tautology

mathematical statements gives rise to another mathematical statement.
Argument
Find the equation of the line which is parallel to 3x + 2y = 5 and passes

3x + 2y = -2
Find the equation of the line which is parallel to 3x - 2y = 5 and passes

through the point (-2, -4)
-3x + 2y = -2
Find the equation of line that passes through the points: A(2, 3) and B(4, 6)
2y =3x
The magnitude of a vector R = 12i + 5j is_

13
Find the unit vector in the direction of the vector 3i - 2j + 6k.

(3i - 2j + 6k)/7
If the distance between two points 3+2i and k+2i in the complex plane is 5,
find k.
-2
If p is true, q is true; then p and q must be

True
The meaning of the disjunction of p and q denoted by p⋁q is

p or q
The meaning of the conjunction of p and q denoted by p∧q is

p and q

What does the negation of p denoted by ∼p mean?
Not

Tautology

Contradiction
A matrix in which all its diagonal elements are one (1), where all other
elements are zero is called
identify matrix
Find the determinant of the matrix abcd

ad-cb
A matrix in which its transpose is equal to itself is

symmetric matrix
A matrix is said to be if the determinant is equal to zero.

Singular

Contradiction
If the conclusion derives its support from its premises, the argument is said
to be
Valid
Any matrix, which has the same number of rows and columns is
called
square matrix
Let A =52n38 and B =c3k-1e be equal. Find elements e and k in matrix B

e= 8, k=4
A +B are equal to identity matrix, find x+y, where A =x-y2s-x and B=-5x-
202y.
7
Any matrix of dimension (m x n) with all its elements equal to zero is

called
Void Matrix
Given that X=246 and Y= 35-7, Find XY

16

A matrix in which all its diagonal elements are one (1), where all other
Identify Matrix
Given that X=246 and Y= 35-7, Find XY

-16
The inter-changing of a matrix row with its column is called

Transpose of a Matrix
If a matrix y482. is singular, what is y?.
16
Given that AB→+BC→=AC→, then AC→ is called vector.

Resultant
Two vectors ai + bj and ci + dj are equal if

a =c, b=d
The magnitude of a vector 3i - 4j is

5
Determine the unit vector in the direction of the vector 5i - 12j.

(5i - 12j)/13
Simplify (1-2i2 .
-3-4i
Determine (1-i)/(1+i)
2
Find 7-3z if z =2+i.

1-3i
Determine 1-z2 , given that z =4 - i.

-14 +18i
Simply 3+4i/1-2i.
-1+2i
Express the complex number 21-2i-12-i in the form a+bi.

-3i/5
The square of the distance between two points Z1=1+3i and Z2=4+2i in the
complex plane is given by
10
Find the equation of the line which passes through the pair of points (-1,-1)
and (2, 2).

y -x =0
State the gradient and the y- intercept respectively of the line x − 4y − 8 = 0.

1/4, - 2
Find the equation of the line which is parallel to the line 2y + 5x = 1 and
passes through the point of (4, 5).
2y -5x =30
Let y=loge(4x+5)). dydx is

4/(4x-5)
Differentiate f(x) = (x – 1)(3x – 2) with respect to x.
6x-5
Determine the gradient of the line joining the points (7, 3) and (4, -6)
3
Determine the distance between the midpoint D of the line joining AB (A(3,
4) and B(5, 8)) and C(1, 2)
5
Determine the gradient of a straight line passing through the point (2, 5)
and (-6, 6).
1/8
Find the gradient and the angle of inclination respectively of the straight line
passing through the points (-2, 4) and (3, 6).
2/5, 21.800
Find the value of x for which the curve has the maximum value.
-5
The value of i15 is

-i
is the science of numbers and shape

Mathematics
is the science of reasoning or explaining events

Logic

ascertain the Truth Value of the proposition
Logic
Given that 2 3 4 the Truth Value of this statement is

false
Lagos is a cosmopolitan state The Truth Value of this is

true
is used to analyze the Truth Value of any mathematical statement

Truth Value Table
A statement or proposition in the context of logic is

a declarative sentences or an expression of words which are either true or
false but cannot assume both
The connective Rightarrow in logic is a

conditional
The connective Lightrightarrow in logic is a

bi implication

mathematical statements gives rise to another mathematical statement
An argument
What is the common difference in the sequence 3 5 7 9 11?

2
Evaluate fracz1 3 2i z2 4 3i
359
What is the distance between the points z1 and z2 given that z1 3 2i and
z2 4 3i
2
Find the unit vectors in the direction of the vector a4i3j

A: 5
Given that r1 3i 5 j r2 4i 19 j Find the modulus of 5r1 r2

1992
What is the magnitude of the vectors 3i 4 j

5
If P T P and P F F implies
Identity Laws
If p q q p and p q q p implies an
Commutative Laws

is the use of connectives to combine two or more simple statements to
form just one
composite statement
The connective wedge in logic is a

conjunction
Given that x 2y 3 3x 4y 1 What is x and y

54
A matrix in which all its diagonal elements are one 1 where all other
identity matrix
The of a matrix is the inter changing of its row with the column
transpose matrix
Let Abeginpmatrix123450214endpmatrix then the cofactor of matrix A is the

matrix
beginpmatrix20 16 16 5 23 1512 3endpmatrix
Calculate the determinant of the matrix Abeginpmatrix1234

50214endpmatrix
10
Given that Abeginpmatrix123456endpmatrix and Bbeginpmatrix123

456endpmatrix What is AB
ABbeginpmatrix22284964endpmatrix
What is the determinant of the Abeginpmatrix 12 3 4 endpmatrix

2
Reads the goods are standard if and only if the goods are expensive
pleftrightarrow q

diagonal matrix
pwedge q qvee p and pvee q qvee p implies an

Commutative Laws
pvee qvee rpvee qvee r and pwedge qwedge r pwedge qwedge r implies
an
Associative laws
Given thatAeginpmatrix1 2 3 4 5 6 endpmatrixand Beginpmatrix 1 2 3 4

5 6 endpmatrix Find AB
eginpmatrix 5 12 15 19 26 31 29 40 51 endpmatrix

A matrix in which its transpose is equal to itself is called
symmetric matrix

governing the array
Matrix
Given thatAbeginpmatrix1 2 3 4 5 6 endpmatrixrnand Bbeginpmatrix 1 2

3 4 5 6 endpmatrixrn Find AB
beginpmatrix 5 12 15 19 26 31 29 40 51 endpmatrix
Given that x 2y 3z 1 3x 2y z 4 x 3y 2z 0 What is xy and z

74 3414
What is the common difference in the sequence 3 5 7 9 11cdots

2
Given that Aeginpmatrix 2 0 1 k 2 3 2 1 4 endpmatrix what is the value

of k if A is said to be a singular matrix
6
Given that Aeginpmatrix 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 endpmatrix Find the

determinant of A
3
A matrix is said to be singular if the determinant is equal to

Zero
Given that eginpmatrix 1 3 k 4 endpmatrix is singular matrix Find the
value of k
43
A necessary and sufficient condition for a matrix square A to be invertible is

that
is not equal zero
Calculate the determinant of the matrix Aeginpmatrix 1 2 3 4 5 0 2 1 4

endpmatrix
10
Given that beginpmatrix 1 3 k 4 endpmatrix is singular matrix Find the

value of k
43
Given that Abeginpmatrix 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 endpmatrix Find the

determinant of A
3

Given that Abeginpmatrix 2 0 1 k 2 3 2 1 4 endpmatrix what is the value
of k if A is said to be a singular matrix
6
Let Abeginpmatrix 1 2 3 4 5 0 2 1 4 endpmatrix then the cofactor of

matrix A is the matrix
Abeginpmatrix 20 16 6 5 2 3 15 12 3 endpmatrix
Calculate the determinant of the matrix Abeginpmatrix 1 2 3 4 5 0 2 1 4

endpmatrix
10
Calculate the distance between the points: A(0,1) and B(6,9)

10
Find the magnitude of the vector: \[5i-12j\]

13
The addition of two vectors is defined by the

triangular rule
The absolute value of a vector is

that positive number which is a measure of the length of the directed
segment
A vector, PQ drawn from a fixed point P which gives the displacement of the
point Q from the point P is called
Position Vector
Quantity having magnitude only but no direction is called

scalar
A physical quantity having magnitude and direction is known as

Vector
The transpose of the cofactor matrix of a square matrix B is called the

of B
adjoint
Determinant is a number associated with matrices

square
A square matrix is called if all the elements above the main diagonal
vanish
lower triangular
Two matrices A and B are said to be conformable for multiplication if

the number of columns of A is same as the number of rows in B

Two matrices are said to be equal
equal if their corresponding elements are the same
Any matrix of dimension (m x n) with all its elements equal to zero is called
matrix
Void
A matrix same as its transpose is

symmetric
A diagonal matrix having all its diagonal element as one (1) is

identity
A matrix having the same number of rows and columns is referred to

as matrix
square
A rectangular array of numbers with reference to specific rules governing the

array is known as
Matrix
One of the following has truth value 'False"

Ijebu-Ode is in Ogun State if and only if 4+3 = 6
One of the following is not a connective in Logic

Disjointion
The True value of Bi-conditional statement would be true

if the two statements have the same Truth Value
Let p and q be two simple statements, then the following are conditional
statements except
p if and only if q
All but one of the statements have truth value true

Ibadan is the capital of Oyo State or 4 + 3 = 6
statement is the use of connectives to combine two or more simple

statements to form just one
Composite
occurs when the conjunction of a set of simple mathematical

statements gives rise to another mathematical statement
Argument

Expressions, phrases or symbols that are made used of, to join two or more
simple statements together in order to form a compound statement are
called
Connectives
A declarative sentences or an expression of words which are either true or

false, but cannot be both is called
Proposition
One of these does not explain the objectives of logical reasoning

It could be used to decode equivalent only
The Truth value of the statement 'Ijebu-Ode is in Lagos State' is

False
The study and analysis of a mathematical proposition as to ascertain the

Truth Value of the proposition is known as
Logic
can be used to depict or analyze the Truth Value of any mathematical

statement
Truth Value Table
Given that p ? q this means the symbols speak about

Conjunction p ? q
If P is a given negation, its negation is _

~p
Conditional statement is of the form “if P then Q.” then the symbolical
representation is
pàq
Bi-conditional statement can be symbolically represented as

póq
Given that (p v q)v r = p v (q v r)

Associative
If p v (q ? r) = (p v q) ? (p v r) then it is a(an)
Distributive
If A= 200050001 then A is matrix

Diagonal
Given A= 123242 and B= 104213find A+B

227455

If A= 213312 and B= 212122 then 2A+B=
638746
Given that A= 123457 and B= 124365 find AB

27236658
Find the determinant of A= 4365

2
Find the determinant of 12-47

15
Find det X, given that X= 123321411

-12
Given that 32X1 is a singular matrix, find X.

11/2
Given that M= 221+62-X213 find X, for M to be singular

51/2
Solve for x and y in x+3y=4 and 3x+4y=6

2/5,6/5
Given that co-factor matrix M= 16-12-4-5-33-12-3find the Adj M

16-5-5-12-312-43-3
Find the magnitude of 3i – 4j

5
Let x, y, z be the heights assigned to A, B, C such that x+2y+3z= 11,

2x+4y+5z= 21 and x+2y+3z= 11
x=2, y=3, z=1
Find the unit vector in the direction of the vector 4i - 3j

1/5(4i – 3j)
If Z1= 3+i and Z2= 4+3i, find Z1+Z2

7+4i
Given that Z1= 3–2i and Z2= 5+3i, find Z1 – Z2

-2–4i
If Z1= 2–2i and Z2= 5–3i, find Z1/ z2

(2-2i)(5+3i)34
Find the distance between A (5, -3) and B (-1, 3)

62
Find the angle of inclination if A (2, -3) and B (4, 5)

45o
Find the distance between A (0, 1) and B (9, 6)

106
Find the distance between A (6, 3) and (6, 9)

6
Find the gradient of the straight line A (-2, 0) and B (6, -4)
1/2
Find the distance between A (6, 9) and B (11, 15)

61
Find the equation of a line with A (2, 3) and B (6, 8)

5x-4y= -2
Find the equation of a line, which passes through the points A (0, 3) and (6,
0)
y+2x= 6
Find the coordinate of the point of intercept of the equations 2x+3y= 5 and
x+2y= 3.
1, 1
Find the gradients of these equations x+y= 5 and x+2y= 6 respectively

-1 and -1/2
Find the coordinate of the meeting points of equations x+y= 3 and x+2y= 5
1, 2
Find the equation of a line that is perpendicular to 2x+5y= 10

5x-2y= -4
Given that two (2) lines with gradients M1 and M2 are parallel, then
M1 = M2
Find the equation of the line which is parallel to 3x+2y= 5 and passes
through the point (3, -6).
3x+2y= -3
Find the equation of the line which is perpendicular to 2x+3y= 6 and passes
2x+3y= -8

Given x2+y2–24x–10+60= 0, find the coordinate of the centre.
12, 5
Find the coordinate of the centre and radius of circle of the equation x2+y2–
24x–6y+86= 0
(12, 3), r= 7
Given that nth term of a Sequence 4, 6, 8…….is an = a + (n-1) d, find the

7th term
16
Given the two (2) sequences 1, 3, 5 …..and 2, 4, 6……..the 8th terms of the
two (2) sequences are ……..
15 and 16
Find the 16th term of an A.P whose first term is 102 and common difference
-3.
57
The 4th and 9th terms of an A.P are 10 and 20 respectively; find the first
term and the common difference.
4, 2
Find the common ratio of the following 6, 18, 54

3
Find the common ratio of 1/32, 1/16, 1/8

2
Find the limit of 5xx+1as X à 8

5
The derivative of 5x3+3x+2/x

15x2+3-2/x2
If y=sin-1x, find dy/dx

1/1-x2
A matrix, which has the same number of rows and columns is called
square matrix
is a matrix in which all its diagonal elements are one

identify matrix
The disjunction of X and Y is denoted by

XVY
is the conjunction of X and Y

(X ^ Y)
The statement of the form „m‟ If and only If „n‟ or „m‟ If „n‟ is denoted by
m <-> n
Let „a‟ be she is tall and „b‟ be she is nice. The state in symbolic is written as
(a ^ b)
Let „a‟ be she is fair or „b‟ be she is beautiful. The statement in symbolic form
is
(a ? b)
If „p‟ is she is tall and „q‟ is she is beautiful. The statement that she is tall or
short and beautiful can be symbolically represented as
(p ? (~ p ^ q))
If p and q stand for he is tall and handsome respectively, then (~ p ^ - q) is

?
He is neither tall nor handsome
The equilibrium prices and quantities for two commodity market models Xdj
= -2 – p + q and Xsi = -2 – q is
(2, 4)
The equation of the line passing through the points A (2,3) and B (4, 6) is
?
2y = 3x
is defined to be the matrix obtained by replacing every number aij of

the given matrix A by its cofactor in the determinant of A.
cofactor
Given that A = 1425 , the determinant of A is

-3
The determinant of A2 – 2A is , Given that A = 1221

15
If A = 200010203 it is called ?
diagonal matrix
The determent of 1-11-223-121 is

-3
The conditional statement of the form if „a‟ then „b‟ is

(a->b)

are the vectors with the same magnitude and directions.
equal vectors
Equal directions and magnitude means the vectors are

Parallel
If three or more points lie on a straight line, they are said to be _

Collinear
The modulus |.a| is the same thing as

Magnitude
A complex variable Z is of the form a + bi where a and b are called

real number
In a complex variable Z of the form a + bi, i is called

imaginary number
Two or more complex numbers Z1, Z2 and Z3…… are said to be equal if
their are equal
real parts
Given that a complex number Z= a+ bi, then its conjugate is written as

Z = a – bi
If Zn = rn (cos ? + I sin ? ) = r (cos ? + I sin ?)n, it is called

De Moivre’s Theorem
The slope is the same thing as of the line with x-axis

tangent of an angle inclination
The gradient of a line is the same as the of that line,, usually denoted by
„m‟ .
Slope
The gradient or slope of any line can be determined by the in y

and/over that of x.
rate of change
The equation of a straight line y – mx – c = 0 has and as slope and

the intercept on the y-axis.
m and c
The equation of a line that passes through the origin is

y = mx
The equation of a line given one point and the slope is generally written as

y-y1 = m (x-x1)
is the locus of curve equidistant from a point.

Circle
Differentiation is the inverse process of

Integration
If the value of turning point in is negative then it is a maximum point.

second derivative
If the value of the turning point in the second derivation is positive, then it
is a
minimum point
is the point at which curve is neither a maximum nor minimum.

point of inflexion
At point of inflexion, the turning points are equal and can be referred to as
double stationary points
At the point of inflexion, the value of the stationary point at the second
derivation is
Zero
If a die is rolled, the probability of getting odd and prime number is

14
is the amount by which a resource is underutilized in optimization

model.
Slack
Comparing straight line equations with business that is demand function,

we have y = mx + c and q = mp + c, where y=q stands for
function of goods demanded

we have y = mx + c and q = mp + c, where mx = mp then m stands for
gradient of x and p respectively

we have y = mx + c and q = mp + c, where mx = mp then x and p stand for
variable price of the goods demanded
The equation of a line with two points and the slope is

m = y2-y1/x2-x1 = y-y1/x-x1

Give that AB-=-BA- are vectors of the same magnitude but in direction.
Opposite
If AB-=1, then AB- and it is called a _ vector

Unit
Given AB-=-BA- are vectors of the magnitude but in opposite direction.

same
a-is equal to –a If “a” is less than

Zero
a- is equal to “a” If „a‟ is greater than

Zero
The of a matrix is the interchanging of its row with the column
transpose matrix

diagonal matrix

governing the array
Matrix
A matrix is a array of numbers with reference to specific rules

governing the array
rectangular
A salesman has below record for products sold during peak season of
October to December. The products are in three variants A, B & C. How
many units of product C only is he expected to sell to earn 900 commission?
60
The 7th term of an A.P is 15 and the fourth term is 9. Find the sequence of
tenth term
21
fifth term
11
The 7th term of an A.P is 15 and the fourth term is 9. Find the common
difference of the sequence
2

first term
3
Find the 7th term of an A.P whose first term is 102 and common difference
is -3
84
If the two numbers 20 and x + 2 are in the ratio 2:3, find x

2
The buying price of a basket of oranges is N1000 and the selling price is N5
per orange. What is the profit per basket if 250 oranges are found in the
basket?
N250
What is the break even point (quantity) if the buying price of a basket
remains N1000 and the selling price is N5
200 Oranges
The buying price of a basket of oranges is N1000 and the selling price is N5
per orange. What is the profit per basket if 300 oranges are found in the
basket?
N500
There are types of Vectors

four
is a matrix in which all its diagonal elements are one

Identity
Rename 3/8 as a decimal. The answer is_

37.5
Round 2.748 to the nearest hundred. The answer is

2.748

Finite
If the two numbers 20 and x + 2 are in the ratio 2:3, find x

2
allows the principal amount to grow at a faster rate than simple

interest
Compound Interest

have magnitude and direction but have no particular position
associated with them
Free Vectors
is defined to be the matrix obtained by replacing every number ij a of

the given matrix A by its cofactor in the determinant of A
Cofactor Matrix
Use Cramer‟s rule to solve the following: 2x+3y=1, 5x+6y=0

4
Use Cramer‟s rule to solve the following: x+2y=3, 3x+4y=1

-5
Any matrix, which has the same number of rows and columns, is called a
matrix
Square
could be said to be the inverse of integration

Differential
For Multiplication of two matrices to be possible, they must be

Comformable
To find the determinant of a matrix, the matrix must be a matrix

Square
All polynomial functions are

Continous
A could be described by its centre (fixed) and its radius.

Circle
A vector can be represented by directed , where the length and direction

of the segment corresponds to the magnitude and direction of the vectors.
line segment
is a physical quantity which as magnitude and direction.

Vectors
This are defined as quantities, which are completely specified by numbers,

which measure their magnitude in terms of some chosen units, but have no
definite direction in space, is referred as
Scalars
is paid by a borrower of assets to the owner as a form of

compensation for the use of the assets
Interest

Simple Interest is only calculated on the_
Principal
The are the amount of time available for material purchases and
construction
Constraint
is the point at which the curve is neother a maximum nor a minimum

value
Point of Inflexion
Differentiation could be said to be the of intergration

Inverse
A continous function is one which has no in its curveq

Curve
With we can define intervals on the number scale.

Inequalities
The curve is the relationship between quantity and price of goods

Demand
have equal rate of change

Parallel lines
Parallel lines have equal rate of

change
A good application of intercept of two lines is the

Market Equilibrium
describe what happens to a function f(x) as its variable x approaches

a particular number, say c
Limits
An sequence is one whose terms are uncountable.

Infinite
A is a succession of terms spanned by a rule or formula

Sequence
A sequence is a succession of terms spanned by a or formula

rule
A sequence is a succession of terms spanned by a rule or

formula

The coefficient of the two variables x and y of a circle must be
The same
A circle could be described by its and its radius.

Centre
The is the distance between the centre of the circle and the
circumference
diameter
With we can define intervals on the number scale.

Equalities
The demand curve can be represented in many forms such as

Quadratic

time.
Supply
The of a straight line can be defied in respect to the angle of

inclination of the line with the x –axis
Slope
are quantities, which are completely specified by numbers, which

measure their magnitude in terms of some chosen units, but have no
definite direction in space.
Scalars
is a single row or column matrix

Vector
is a matrix in which its transpose is equal to itself.

Symmetric
Any matrix of dimension (m x n) with all its elements equal to zero is called
a matrix
Null
Compute the simple interest on N5,700 for 2 years at 2.5% p.a.

N285.00
The mean of 4 numbers is 9. If one number is excluded the mean becomes

8. Find the excluded number
4

A declarative sentences or an expression of words which are either true or
false, but cannot be both is called
Proposition
Expressions, phrases or symbols that are made used of, to join two or more
simple statements together in order to form a compound statement are
called
Connectives
occurs when the conjunction of a set of simple mathematical

statements gives rise to another mathematical statement
Argument
statement is the use of connectives to combine two or more simple

statements to form just one
Composite
A matrix same as its transpose is

symmetric


Mth105 Mathematics For Management Sciences I Summary

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NEW DAWN EDUCATIONAL CONSULTS

MOTTO: LIGHTING YOUR PATH TO SUCCESS

This exam summary is produced by Glorious New Dawn Educational

Page 1YOUR PATRONAGE WILL BE HIGHLY APPRECIATED FOR ALL

One important instrument for communication but not easily mentioned is

Figures are major instrument used for

makes expression very concise in explanation and interpretation.

is the science of numbers and shape.

Mathematics is the science of and shape.

Mathematics is the science of numbers and .

Mathematics is the science of and .

The use of symbols or letters as an aspect of Mathematics is referred to

is a letter that is made to represent a statement or an argument.

Page 2YOUR PATRONAGE WILL BE HIGHLY APPRECIATED FOR ALL

could be defined as the study and analysis of a mathematical

The of a proposition is termed “T” if it is true and “F” if it is false.

The following are objectives of symbolic logic reasoning

A in the context of logic is a declarative sentences or an expression of

A statement is also called

There are types of statements

There are two types of statements: and

Example of Simple Statement

A statement is the use of connectives to combine two or more simple

Page 3YOUR PATRONAGE WILL BE HIGHLY APPRECIATED FOR ALL

Examples of connectives used in logic are:

The negation of contradiction is a

The negation of tautology is a .

is said to be formed when the conjunction of a set of simple

Any logical statement can be represented by the letter

The fundamental property of a logical statement is that

The of p and q is denoted by p  q.

If (p) is a given proposition, its is denoted by (~ p) meaning it is not (p),

Page 4YOUR PATRONAGE WILL BE HIGHLY APPRECIATED FOR ALL

q is a conditional statement, then (if q then p) is called theIf p of the

is a mathematical model which allows the enumeration, display,

A is a rectangular array of numbers with reference to specific rules

Any matrix of dimension (m x n) with all its elements equal to .

is a matrix that has elements only on its diagonal.

The of a matrix is the interchanging of its row with the column.

The is the interchanging of its row with the column.

Let matrix A be (m x n), then matrix A T is (n x m) called

Page 5YOUR PATRONAGE WILL BE HIGHLY APPRECIATED FOR ALL

is a matrix in which its transpose is equal to itself.

Two matrices are said to be if their corresponding elements are the

Two or more matrices can be added or subtracted if they are of same

A matrix is said to be if the determinant is equal to zero.

For a matrix to be singular, it‟ s determinant equal to .

is defined to be the matrix obtained by replacing every number a ij of

The transpose CT of C is called the of A or Adj A.

forms the basis of various techniques used in solving cumbersome

A is a single row or column matrix.

are quantities which are completely specified by numbers which

A is a physical quantity which has magnitude and direction.

can be defined as a directed line segments.

Examples of vectors are: velocity, acceleration, displacement, force, e.t.c.

Page 6YOUR PATRONAGE WILL BE HIGHLY APPRECIATED FOR ALL

have magnitude and direction but have no particular position

are located along a straight line e.g. Force.

is a vector whose position in space is fixed in addition to its

Let A be a square matrix where the element ai j = 0. For i > j, then A is