GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

NOVEMBER EXAMINATION
2023

PHYSICAL SCIENCES

QUESTION PAPER

GRADE: 11 PAPER 2

MARKS: 150 Marks

TIME: 3 Hours

This question paper consists of 17 pages including

Data Sheet

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Physical Sciences/P2 NOV/2023

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Write your name in the appropriate space on the ANSWER BOOK.

2. This question paper consists of TWELVE questions. Answer ALL the

questions in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

4. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.

5. YOU ARE ADVISED TO USE THE ATTACHED DATA SHEETS.

6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

7. Write neatly and legibly.

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 Physical Sciences/P2 NOV/2023

QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Each
question has only ONE correct answer. Write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
number (2.1–2.10) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.1 Which ONE of the following chlorides will most likely have the most ionic
character?

A LiCℓ

B CsCℓ

C BeCℓ2

D CaCℓ2 (2)
1.2 Measure of the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract bonding electrons.

A Electron affinity

B Bond energy

C Bond length

D Electronegativity (2)

1.3 Which of the following is NOT an interatomic force?

A Covalent bonding.

B Ionic bonding.

C Hydrogen bonding.

D Metallic bonding. (2)

35,5
The number of protons in Cℓ is:
1.4 17

A 35,5

B 18,5

C 17

D 18 (2)

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1.5 The boiling point of CH4 is much lower than that of HF. Which ONE of the
following best explains this difference in boiling points?

A HF molecules are more polar than CH4 molecules.

B CH4 molecules are more polar than HF molecules.

C There are hydrogen bonds between HF molecules.

D There are dipole-dipole forces between CH4 molecules. (2)

1.6 Which ONE of the following statements about a chemical reaction is

CORRECT?

The actual yield of a chemical reaction is usually …

A equal to the percentage yield.

B greater than the percentage yield.

C less than the theoretical yield.

D greater than the theoretical yield. (2)

1.7 Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT for an endothermic

reaction?

A The temperature of the surroundings increases.

B The enthalpy change for the reaction is negative.

C Heat flows from the surroundings into the system.

D The enthalpy of products is less than the enthalpy of reactants. (2)

1.8 Consider the incomplete chemical equation below.

X + 2HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

Which ONE of the following is represented by X in the above equation?

A ZnCO3

B ZnHCO3

C ZnCO2

D Zn(OH)2 (2)

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1.9 Consider the reaction represented by the balanced ionic equation below.

Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 3S2-(aq) → 2Cr3+(aq) + 3S(s) + 7H2O(ℓ)

When this reaction takes place, …

A the oxidation number of sulphur does not change.

B S2- is reduced by the Cr2O72-(aq).

C H+(aq) oxidises the S2-(aq).

D S2-(aq) is oxidised by the Cr2O72-(aq). (2)

1.10 A substance that is reduced or whose oxidation number decreases.

A Reducing agent

B Oxidising agent

C Anode

D Cathode (2)

[20]

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QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.)

Ammonia (NH3) is an important gas used in the preparation of fertilizers. An ammonia

molecule is formed when electrons are shared between three hydrogen atoms and a
nitrogen atom.

2.1 Name the type of chemical bond formed between hydrogen and nitrogen atom
(1)

2.2 How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom have? (1)

2.3 Write down a Lewis structure for the ammonia molecule. (2)

2.4 For the ammonia molecule, write down the:

2.4.1 Number of electron pairs surrounding the central atom (1)

2.4.2 Number of atoms surrounding the central atom (1)

2.4.3 Name used to describe the molecular shape (1)

Ammonia dissolves readily in water to form ammonium ions, NH+ (aq). An ammonium
4
ion is formed when an ammonia molecule shares a lone pair of electrons with a
hydrogen ion.

2.5 Name the type of bond formed between an ammonia molecule and a
hydrogen ion. (1)

2.6 Represent the formation of an ammonium ion with the aid of Lewis structures. (4)

2.7 For the ammonium ion, write down the:

2.7.1 Number of atoms surrounding the central atom (1)

2.7.2 Name used to describe the molecular shape (1)

The nitrogen atom can also bond with itself to form the nitrogen molecule.

2.8 Which ONE of the following bonds will be the strongest?

I: Bond between a nitrogen atom and a hydrogen atom

OR
II: Bond between a nitrogen atom and a nitrogen atom

Write down I or II. Give a reason for the answer. (2)

[16]

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QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)

The table below shows the boiling points of the hydrides of group IV (compounds in
which hydrogen is bonded to elements from group IV in the periodic table).

BOILING POINTS OF HYDRIDES FROM GROUP IV

RELATIVE
HYDRIDES OF BOILING POINT
MOLECULAR
GROUP IV (°C)
MASS
CH4 16 –164
SiH4 32 –112
GeH4 77 –89
SnH4 123 –52

3.1 What is the phase (solid, liquid or gas) of the hydrides above at 25 °C? (1)
3.2 Name the type of Van der Waals forces between molecules of the hydrides in
the table above. (1)
3.3 Explain the trend in boiling points observed for the hydrides in the above
table. In your explanation, refer to molecular size, intermolecular forces,
and the energy needed. (3)

The graph below shows the boiling points of the hydrides of group VI in the periodic
table versus their relative molecular masses.

GRAPH OF BOILING POINT VERSUS RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS

120 H2O
Boiling point (°C)

100
80
60
40
20 H2Te
0
50 100 150
- 20
- 40 H2Se
- 60 H2S
- 80

Relative molecular mass

3.4 From the graph above, deduce and then write down the NAME of the hydride:

3.4.1 With the weakest intermolecular forces (1)

3.4.2 With hydrogen bonds between molecules (1)

3.4.3 That requires the most energy to undergo a phase change (1)

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3.5 Refer to intermolecular forces and energy and give a reason why one of the
hydrides of group VI deviates from the trend in boiling point observed for the
others. (2)
[10]

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QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.)

A fixed mass of oxygen is used to verify one of the gas laws. The results obtained are
shown in the graph below.

GRAPH OF VOLUME VERSUS PRESSURE

40

●
Volume (cm3)

30 ●

●
●
20 ●
●
●
10

50 100 150 200 250

Pressure (kPa)

4.1 Write down:

4.1.1 A mathematical expression, in symbols, for the relationship

between the variables shown in the graph (1)

4.1.2 The name of the gas law investigated (1)

4.1.3 Explain the relationship in QUESTION 4.1.1 in terms of the kinetic

theory of gases. (2)

4.2 Write down TWO variables that must be kept constant during this
investigation and briefly describe how this is done. (4)

4.3 From the graph, write down the volume of oxygen, in cm3, when the pressure
is 120 kPa. (1)

4.4 Calculate the pressure, in kPa, exerted on the gas when it is compressed to
5 cm3. (4)

4.5 Write down TWO conditions under which oxygen gas will deviate from ideal
gas behavior. (2)
[15]
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QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.)

The reaction between calcium hydride (CaH2) and water is often used to inflate weather
balloons. The reaction produces hydrogen gas according to the following balanced
equation:
CaH2(s) + 2H2O(ℓ) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2H2(g)

5.1 Calculate the mass of calcium hydride needed to generate 53,3 dm3 of
hydrogen gas at a pressure of 108 kPa and a temperature of 21 °C. (8)

5.2 How will the answer to QUESTION 5.1 change if the same volume of gas is
produced at the same pressure, but at a lower temperature? Write down only
INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. (1)
[9]

QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page.)

Consider the reaction represented by the equation below.

CO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(ℓ) → CH 4 (g) + 2O 2 (g)

During the reaction, the temperature of the reaction mixture decreases.

6.1 Define the term exothermic reaction. (2)

6.2 Does the Hea t o f Rea ct ion (∆H) for this reaction have a positive or
negative value? Explain the answer by referring to the energy involved. (2)

6.3 Sketch a labelled potential energy graph for this reaction. On the graph, show
the position of the reactants, products, ∆H, and activation energy. (6)
[10]

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QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.)

The airbags in motor vehicles contain the compound sodium azide (NaN3). When a car
crashes into an object, the compound decomposes, and the nitrogen inflates the airbag.
The balanced equation for the reaction is as follows:

NaN3(s) → 2Na(s) + 3N2(g)

In one such decomposition, 2,53 x 108 molecules of nitrogen are generated.

Calculate the:

7.1 Number of moles of NaN3(s) that decomposed (4)

7.2 Volume of N2(g) produced.

Assume that the reaction occurs at standard pressure. (3)
[7]

QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page.)

Aluminum sulphate is used as a coagulant in water purification. It reacts with sodium

hydroxide to form aluminum hydroxide which drags the impurities as it settles.

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Aℓ 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (aq) + 6NaOH(aq) → 2Aℓ(OH) 3 (s) + 3Na 2 SO 4 (aq)

A chemist at a water purification plant adds 700 g of Aℓ 2 (SO 4 ) 3 to a sample of water.

8.1 Calculate the maximum mass of Aℓ(OH) 3 that can be produced from this
mass of Aℓ 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . (5)

The chemist now dissolves 0,85 mol of Na2SO4 in 250 cm3 of distilled water. He then
tops it up with enough distilled water to make a 1-litre solution.

8.2 Define, in words, the term concentration of a solution. (2)

8.3 Calculate the concentration of this Na2SO4 solution. (3)

[10]

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QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page.)

The chemical reaction to produce the drug, aspirin, from two compounds, X
and Y is represented by the balanced equation below.
2C7H6O3 + C 4 H 6 O 3 → 2C9H8O4 + H2O
X Y aspirin

A chemist reacts 14 g of compound X with 10 g of compound Y.

9.1 Define the term limiting reactant in a chemical reaction. (2)

9.2 Perform the necessary calculations to determine which one of compound X or

compound Y is the limiting reactant. (5)

The actual mass of aspirin obtained is 11.5 g.

9.3 Calculate the percentage yield of the aspirin. (5)

[12]

QUESTION 10 (Start on a new page.)

Acids and bases can be defined in terms of the following two theories:
I: Arrhenius theory.
II: Lowry-Brönsted theory
10.1 According to the Arrhenius theory, sodium hydroxide is classified as a base.

Write down the chemical formula of the ion responsible for the basic
properties of sodium hydroxide. (1)
10.2 Consider the reaction represented by the incomplete equation below:

HNO3(aq) + OH-(aq) ⇌ +
10.2.1 Use your knowledge of the Lowry-Brönsted theory to write a
balanced equation for this reaction. (3)

10.2.2 Write down the formulae of ONE conjugate acid-base pair in this
reaction. (2)

10.3 In a reaction, 40 cm3 of nitric acid neutralises 25 cm3 of a 0,05 mol∙dm-3

solution of barium hydroxide according to the following balanced equation:
2HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(ℓ)
Calculate the:
10.3.1 Number of moles of base that reacted (2)
10.3.2 Number of moles of acid that reacted (1)
10.3.3 Concentration of the acid (2)
[11]

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QUESTION 11 (Start on a new page.)

Redox reactions can be explained in terms of electron transfer as well as oxidation

numbers.

The unbalanced equations A, B and C below represent three redox reactions.

A: Zn(s) + HCℓ(aq) → ZnCℓ 2 (aq) + H 2 (g)

B: NiO(s) + CO(g) → Ni(s) + CO2(g)

C: Cu(s) + HNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + NO(g) + H2O(ℓ)

11.1 Define oxidation in terms of electron transfer. (2)

11.2 Write down the formula of the substance which is:

11.2.1 Oxidised in reaction A (1)

11.2.2 The reducing agent in reaction B.

Explain the answer in terms of oxidation numbers. (3)

11.3 For reaction C, write down the balanced equation using the ion-electron.
method. Show the oxidation and reduction half-reactions during the balancing. (5)
[11]

QUESTION 12 (Start on a new page.)

12.1 Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid.

12.1.1 Define an acid in terms of the Lowry-Brønsted theory. (2)
12.1.2 Give a reason why sulphuric acid is referred to as a diprotic acid. (1)
12.2 In the reaction for the dissolution of Sulphuric acid, the reaction takes place in
two steps.

Step I: H2SO4(aq) + H2O(ℓ) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + HSO−

4 (aq)

Step II: HSO− 2−

4 (aq) + H2O(ℓ) ⇌ H3O (aq) + SO4 (aq)
+

12.2.1 Write down the formula of the ampholyte in the above equations. (1)
12.2.2 Write down the FORMULAE of the TWO bases in the equation (2)
above.
12.2.3 Is sulphuric acid a STRONG or a WEAK acid? Give a reason for (2)
the answer.
12.2.4 Use the two equations above to write down the balanced
equation for the net reaction of the dissolution of sulphuric acid. (2)

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12.3 A 20 cm3 of the 0,5 mol·dm-3 standard solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
reacts completely with 0,2 mol·dm-3 sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCℓ (aq) → 2NaCℓ (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(ℓ)

Calculate:

12.3.1 Write down the name of the above reaction. (2)

12.3.2 The volume of sodium carbonate that reacted with the (5)
hydrochloric acid.
12.3.3 The volume of carbon dioxide produced at STP. (2)
[19]

TOTAL: 150

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3

DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 11

PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)

GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 11

VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE)

TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES

NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL VALUE/WAARDE

Avogadro's constant
NA 6,02 x 1023 mol-1
Avogadro-konstante
Molar gas constant
R 8,31 J∙K-1∙mol-1
Molêre gaskonstante
Standard pressure
p 1,013 x 105 Pa
Standaarddruk
Molar gas volume at STP
Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1
Molêre gasvolume by STD
Standard temperature
Standaardtemperatuur T 273 K

TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES

p1V1 p2 V2
= pV =nRT
T1 T2
m N
n= n=
M NA
V n m
n= c= OR/OF c=
Vm V MV

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