Physical Sciences P2 Grade 11 Nov 2019 and Memo

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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 11
PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)
NOVEMBER 2019
MARKS: 150
TIME: 3 hours
This question paper consists of 15 pages, 4 data sheets and 1 graph sheet.
*IPHSCE2*
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Physical Sciences/P2 3 DBE/November 2019
CAPS – Grade 11
QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose
the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1 to 1.10) in
the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.11 E. Each question has only ONE correct answer.
1.1 The number of valence electrons in a silicon atom is …
A 4
B 6
C 14
D 28 (2)
1.2 In a polar covalent bond …
A the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero.
B electrons are shared unequally between two atoms.
C electrons are transferred from the less electronegative atom to the more
electronegative atom.
D delocalised electrons are shared between atoms. (2)
1.3 The type of intermolecular forces present between N2 molecules are …
A triple bonds.
B dipole-dipole forces.
C hydrogen bonds.
D London forces. (2)
1.4 Which ONE of the following contains ionic bonds?
A OF2
B H2O
C CH3Cℓ
D NaCℓ (2)

CAPS – Grade 11
1.5 The number of ions present in 3 moles of MgCℓ2 is …
A 3 × 6,02 × 1023
B 6 × 6,02 × 1023
C 9 × 6,02 ×1023
D 12 × 6,02 × 1023 (2)
1.6 Two different gases of the same volume at STP will have the same …
A mass.
B density.
C molar mass.
D number of molecules. (2)
1.7 4 moles of nitrogen gas is sealed in a balloon at temperature T and pressure

p. The volume of the balloon changes from V to 2V when the temperature is
increased to 1,5T.
The new pressure in the balloon is …
A 0,75p
B 1,33p
C 1,5p
D 3p (2)
1.8 Consider the chemical equation below:
OH (aq) + HCO3 (aq) ֖ CO32 (aq) + H2O(ℓ)
The Lowry-Brønsted bases in the above reaction are …
A HCO3 (aq) and OH (aq)
B H2O(ℓ) and OH (aq)
C H2O(ℓ) and HCO3 (aq)
D OH (aq) and CO32 (aq) (2)

CAPS – Grade 11
1.9 A few drops of bromothymol blue indicator are added to a hydrochloric acid
solution, HCℓ(aq). When ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH(aq), is added to this
solution, the colour of the indicator will change from …
A blue to yellow.
B yellow to blue.
C yellow to red.
D blue to red. (2)
1.10 Oxidation takes place when the …
A reducing agent loses electrons.
B oxidising agent loses electrons.
C reducing agent gains electrons.
D oxidising agent gains electrons. (2)

[20]

CAPS – Grade 11
QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.)
2.1 Ammonia NH3(g) and hypochlorous acid HOCℓ(ℓ) are both examples of
covalent compounds.
2.1.1 Define the term bonding pair. (2)
2.1.2 Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules:
(a) NH3 (2)
(b) HOCℓ (2)
2.1.3 Write down the:
(a) Number of bonding pairs in NH3 (1)
(b) Number of lone pairs on the oxygen atom in HOCℓ (1)
(c) Shape of an ammonia molecule (1)
2.1.4 Which bond, N-H or O-H, is more polar? Give a reason for the
answer. (2)
2.1.5 Write down the type of intermolecular forces present in BOTH

ammonia and hypochlorous acid. (1)
2.1.6 When ammonia dissolves in water, the ammonium ion ( NH4 ) is

formed.
What type of bond forms between the ammonia molecule and the
hydrogen ion? (1)

CAPS – Grade 11
2.2 The graph of potential energy versus distance between the nuclei of two
oxygen atoms during bond formation is shown below.
Graph of potential energy versus distance between nuclei

Ep (kJ·mol-1)
121 148
0 Distance between
nuclei (pm)
B
-142
-494 A
2.2.1 Define the term bond energy. (2)
2.2.2 Which curve, A or B, represents the formation of the double bond (O=O)
between oxygen atoms? Briefly explain the answer. (3)
2.2.3 Write down the bond length of the bond represented by curve B. (1)
[19]

CAPS – Grade 11
The melting points and boiling points of four substances (A, B, C and D) are shown in
the table below.
MELTING POINT BOILING POINT

SUBSTANCES
(°C) (°C)
A HF - 83,11 19,54
B HCℓ - 114,2 - 81,7
C CS2 - 111 46,0
D CO2 - 56,6 - 78,5
3.1 Define the term melting point. (2)
3.2 Explain the difference in melting points of HF and HCℓ by referring to the
TYPE of intermolecular forces. (4)
3.3 Which ONE of the substances (A, B, C or D) above is a liquid at 25 °C? (1)
3.4 Explain why CS2 has a higher boiling point than CO2. (3)
3.5 Which ONE of the substances (A, B, C or D) above has the highest vapour
pressure? Give a reason for the answer by referring to the data in the table. (2)
[12]

CAPS – Grade 11
The relationship between pressure and volume of an enclosed gas at 25 °C is

investigated. The results obtained are shown in the table below.
1
PRESSURE (kPa) VOLUME (m3) (m-3)
V
50 0,121 8,2
80 0,076 13,2
125 0,049 20,6
140 0,043 23,1
175 0,035 28,8
4.1 State Boyle's law in words. (2)
4.2 ANSWER THIS QUESTION ON THE ATTACHED GRAPH PAPER.
Use the data in the table above to draw a graph of pressure (p) versus the
inverse of the volume ( 1 ) on the attached graph paper.
V (3)
4.3 Which physical quantity can be determined from the gradient of the graph?
Give a reason for the answer. (2)
4.4 It is found that, at high pressures, the shape of the graph deviates from that of
the graph obtained in QUESTION 4.2. Explain this deviation. (3)
4.5 Calculate the number of moles of gas present in the sealed container at a
pressure of 125 kPa. (4)
[14]

CAPS – Grade 11
An unknown mass of gas is sealed in container M. The temperature is increased and

the pressure inside the container is measured.
The experiment is now repeated using the same mass of the same gas in a different
container, N.
The results obtained are represented in the sketch graph below.
Graph of pressure versus temperature
M
240
p (kPa)
)
N
(
T (K)
263 303
5.1 Determine the value of X as shown on the graph. (3)
5.2 How does the volume of container N compare to that of container M? Choose
from GREATER THAN, SMALLER THAN or EQUAL TO. (1)
5.3 Explain the answer to QUESTION 5.2 with the aid of a relevant equation. (3)
[7]

CAPS – Grade 11
6.1 Potassium permanganate, KMnO4, burns with a bright flame when a few
drops of glycerine are added to it.
The incomplete equation for the reaction is:
14KMnO4 + glycerine → 7K2CO3 + 7Mn2O3 + xCO2 + 16H2O
6.1.1 Define the term molar mass. (2)
6.1.2 The composition of glycerine is as follows:
39,13% carbon; 8,7% hydrogen; 52,17% oxygen
Determine the EMPIRICAL formula of glycerine. Show ALL

calculations. (6)
6.1.3 Write down the value of x in the equation above if the

MOLECULAR formula of glycerine is C3H8O3. (1)
6.1.4 Calculate the mass of Mn2O3 that can be prepared if 18 g of

KMnO4 reacts with excess glycerine. (4)
6.2 The balanced equation for the reaction of sodium chloride, NaCℓ, with
sulphuric acid, H2SO4, is as follows:
2NaCℓ(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2HCℓ(g)
During a reaction, 1,5 g of an impure sample of sodium chloride reacts with

100 cm3 sulphuric acid of concentration 0,1 mol·dm-3 at room temperature.
6.2.1 Define the term concentration. (2)
6.2.2 Calculate the number of moles of sulphuric acid used in the

reaction above. (3)
On completion of the reaction it is found that 460 cm 3 of HCℓ gas has formed.
6.2.3 Calculate the percentage purity of the sodium chloride. Use

24,45 dm3 as the molar gas volume (Vm) at room temperature. (6)
[24]

CAPS – Grade 11
The balanced equation for the reaction of carbon with steam is as follows:
C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)
The graph below, NOT drawn to scale, represents the change in potential energy of
the substances during the reaction.
593
5
Ep (kJ·mol-1)
CO + H2
180
1
C + H2O
49
Course of reaction
7.1 Define the term heat of reaction. (2)
7.2 Is the reaction ENDOTHERMIC or EXOTHERMIC? Give a reason for the

answer. (2)
7.3 Use the information on the graph and write down the value of the:
7.3.1 Activation energy (2)
7.3.2 Heat of reaction (2)

[8]

CAPS – Grade 11
8.1 Consider the balanced equations for the reaction of water with nitric acid and
ammonia below:
Reaction 1: HNO3(aq) + H2O(ℓ) → H3O+(aq) + NO3 (aq)
Reaction 2: NH3(g) + H2O(ℓ) → NH4+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
8.1.1 Define an acid in terms of the Lowry-Brønsted theory. (2)
8.1.2 Write down the FORMULA of ONE conjugate acid-base pair in

Reaction 1. (2)
8.1.3 Is the solution formed in Reaction 1 ACIDIC or BASIC

(ALKALINE)? Give a reason for the answer. (2)
8.1.4 Define the term ampholyte. (2)
8.1.5 Write down the FORMULA of a substance that acts as an

ampholyte in the reactions above. (1)
8.1.6 Explain the answer by referring to the role of this substance in

Reaction 1 and Reaction 2. (2)
100 cm3 of HNO3 of a concentration of 0,2 mol·dm-3 is diluted to

0,16 mol·dm-3.
8.1.7 Calculate the volume of water that must be added to the

0,2 mol·dm- 3 HNO3. (4)
8.2 Zinc oxide, ZnO, is insoluble in water and can be harmful to the environment.
Nitric acid can be used to neutralise zinc oxide.
The incomplete equation for the reaction is:
ZnO(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → salt X(aq) + H2O(ℓ)
8.2.1 Calculate the mass of zinc oxide that can be neutralised by 80 cm3
of nitric acid with a concentration of 0,16 mol·dm -3. (5)
8.2.2 Write the NAME and FORMULA of salt X that forms during this
reaction. (2)
[22]

CAPS – Grade 11
The unbalanced equations for two redox reactions, in which SO2 is involved, are
shown below.
Reaction 1: SO2(g) + H2S(g) → S(s) + H2O(ℓ)
Reaction 2: SO2(g) + KMnO4(s) + H2O(ℓ) → MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
9.1 Explain what is meant by the term redox reaction. (2)
9.2 Write down the oxidation number of Mn in:
9.2.1 KMnO4 (1)
9.2.2 MnSO4 (1)
9.3 Is Mn in Reaction 2 OXIDISED or REDUCED? Give a reason for the answer. (2)
9.4 In which reaction, Reaction 1 or Reaction 2, does SO2 act as an oxidising

agent? Give a reason for the answer. (2)
9.5 Write down the oxidation half-reaction in Reaction 1. (2)
9.6 Use the Table of Standard Reduction Potentials and write down the balanced
net ionic equation for Reaction 1. Show the half-reactions and how you
arrived at the final equation. (4)
[14]

CAPS – Grade 11
The balanced chemical equation for the EXTRACTION of gold from its ore is as
follows:
4Au(s) + 8NaCN(aq) + 2H2O(ℓ) + O2(g) → 4NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4NaOH(aq)
10.1 State ONE disadvantage of using cyanide (CN-) in the extraction of gold. (1)
10.2 Will the final solution of the extraction process be ACIDIC or BASIC
(ALKALINE)? Give a reason for the answer. (2)
10.3 Determine the oxidation number of gold in NaAu(CN)2. (1)
10.4 Write down the FORMULA of the reducing agent in the reaction above. (1)
Zinc powder is now used to PRECIPITATE the gold.
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
Zn(s) + 2NaAu(CN)2(aq) → 2Au(s) + Zn(CN)2(aq) + 2NaCN(aq)
10.5 Does zinc undergo OXIDATION or REDUCTION during the precipitation

reaction? (1)
10.6 Write down a half-reaction to support the answer to QUESTION 10.5. (2)
10.7 Calculate the percentage of gold in NaAu(CN)2. (2)

[10]
TOTAL: 150
Copyright reserved

CAPS – Grade 11
DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 11

PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)
GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 11

VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE)
TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES
NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL VALUE/WAARDE

Avogadro's constant
NA 6,02 x 1023 mol-1
Avogadro-konstante
Molar gas constant
R 8,31 J∙K-1∙mol-1
Molêre gaskonstante
Standard pressure
Standaarddruk
pT 1,013 x 105 Pa
Molar gas volume at STP
Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1
Molêre gasvolume by STD
Standard temperature
TT 273 K
Standaardtemperatuur
TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES
p1V1 p 2 V2
pV nRT
T1 T2
m N
n n
M NA
V n m
n c OR/OF c
Vm V MV

CAPS – Grade 11
TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS/TABEL 3: DIE PERIODIEKE TABEL VAN ELEMENTE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII)
1 Atomic number 2
KEY/SLEUTEL Atoomgetal
2,1
H He
1 4
3 4 2
29 5 6 7 8 9 10
Electronegativity Symbol
C
Cu
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
1,9
Li Be Elektronegatiwiteit Simbool B C N O F Ne
7 9 63,5 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0,9
1,2
1,5
1,8
2,1
2,5
3,0
Na Mg Approximate relative atomic mass Aℓ Si P S Cℓ Ar

23 24 Benaderde relatiewe atoommassa 27 28 31 32 35,5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
0,8
1,0
1,3
1,5
1,6
1,6
1,5
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,9
1,6
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,4
2,8
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63,5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,8
1,9
2,2
2,2
2,2
1,9
1,7
1,7
1,8
1,9
2,1
2,5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
86 88 89 91 92 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0,7
0,9
1,6
1,8
1,8
1,9
2,0
2,5
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tℓ Pb Bi Po At Rn
133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209
87 88 89
Ra
0,7
0,9
Fr Ac 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
226
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232 238

CAPS – Grade 11
TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS

TABEL 4A: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE
Half-reactions/Halfreaksies (˥ (V)

F2(g) + 2e ֖ 2F + 2,87
2+
Co + e
3+
֖ Co + 1,81
H2O2 + 2H +2e
+
֖ 2H2O +1,77
2+
MnO 4 + 8H + 5e
+
֖ Mn + 4H2O + 1,51

Cℓ2(g) + 2e ֖ 2Cℓ + 1,36
2 + 3+
Cr2O 7 + 14H + 6e ֖ 2Cr + 7H2O + 1,33
+
O2(g) + 4H + 4e ֖ 2H2O + 1,23
2+
MnO2 + 4H + 2e
+
֖ Mn + 2H2O + 1,23
Pt + 2e
2+
֖ Pt + 1,20
Br2(ℓ) + 2e ֖ 2Br + 1,07

NO 3 + 4H + 3e
+
֖ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96
Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë

2+
Hg + 2e ֖ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85
Ag + e
+
֖ Ag + 0,80
Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë

+ 2H + e
+
NO 3 ֖ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80
3+ 2+
Fe + e ֖ Fe + 0,77
O2(g) + 2H + 2e
+
֖ H2O 2 + 0,68
I2 + 2e ֖ 2I + 0,54
Cu + e
+
֖ Cu + 0,52
SO2 + 4H + 4e
+
֖ S + 2H2O + 0,45
2H2O + O2 + 4e ֖ 4OH + 0,40
Cu + 2e
2+
֖ Cu + 0,34
2
SO 4 + 4H + 2e
+
֖ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17
2+ +
Cu + e ֖ Cu + 0,16
2+
Sn + 2e
4+
֖ Sn + 0,15
S + 2H + 2e
+
֖ H2S(g) + 0,14
2H + 2e
+
֖ H2(g) 0,00
Fe + 3e
3+
֖ Fe 0,06
Pb + 2e
2+
֖ Pb 0,13
Sn + 2e
2+
֖ Sn 0,14
Ni + 2e
2+
֖ Ni 0,27
Co + 2e
2+
֖ Co 0,28
Cd + 2e
2+
֖ Cd 0,40
2+
Cr + e
3+
֖ Cr 0,41
Fe + 2e
2+
֖ Fe 0,44
Cr + 3e
3+
֖ Cr 0,74
Zn + 2e
2+
֖ Zn 0,76
2H2O + 2e ֖ H2(g) + 2OH 0,83
Cr + 2e
2+
֖ Cr 0,91
Mn + 2e
2+
֖ Mn 1,18
Aℓ + 3e
3+
֖ Aℓ 1,66
Mg + 2e
2+
֖ Mg 2,36
Na + e
+
֖ Na 2,71
Ca + 2e
2+
֖ Ca 2,87
Sr + 2e
2+
֖ Sr 2,89
Ba + 2e
2+
֖ Ba 2,90
+ -
Cs + e ֖ Cs - 2,92
K + e
+
֖ K 2,93
Li + e
+
֖ Li 3,05
Copyright reserved
CAPS – Grade 11
TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS

TABEL 4B: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE
Half-reactions/Halfreaksies ( ˥ (V)
+
Li + e ֖ Li 3,05
K + e
+
֖ K 2,93
Cs + e
+
֖ Cs 2,92
Ba + 2e
2+
֖ Ba 2,90
Sr + 2e
2+
֖ Sr 2,89
Ca + 2e
2+
֖ Ca 2,87
Na + e
+
֖ Na 2,71
Mg + 2e
2+
֖ Mg 2,36
Aℓ + 3e
3+
֖ Aℓ 1,66
Mn + 2e
2+
֖ Mn 1,18
Cr + 2e
2+
֖ Cr 0,91
2H2O + 2e ֖ H2(g) + 2OH 0,83
Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë
Zn + 2e
2+
֖ Zn 0,76
Cr + 3e
3+
֖ Cr 0,74
Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë

Fe + 2e
2+
֖ Fe 0,44
2+
Cr + e
3+
֖ Cr 0,41
Cd + 2e
2+
֖ Cd 0,40
Co + 2e
2+
֖ Co 0,28
Ni + 2e
2+
֖ Ni 0,27
Sn + 2e
2+
֖ Sn 0,14
Pb + 2e
2+
֖ Pb 0,13
Fe + 3e
3+
֖ Fe 0,06
2H + 2e
+
֖ H2(g) 0,00
S + 2H + 2e
+
֖ H2S(g) + 0,14
2+
Sn + 2e
4+
֖ Sn + 0,15
+
Cu + e
2+
֖ Cu + 0,16
2
SO 4 + 4H + 2e
+
֖ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17
2+
Cu + 2e ֖ Cu + 0,34
2H2O + O2 + 4e ֖ 4OH + 0,40
SO2 + 4H + 4e
+
֖ S + 2H2O + 0,45
Cu + e
+
֖ Cu + 0,52
I2 + 2e ֖ 2I + 0,54
O2(g) + 2H + 2e
+
֖ H2 O 2 + 0,68
2+
Fe + e
3+
֖ Fe + 0,77

NO 3 + 2H + e
+
֖ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80
+
Ag + e ֖ Ag + 0,80
Hg + 2e
2+
֖ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85

+ 4H + 3e
+
NO 3 ֖ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96

Br2(ℓ) + 2e ֖ 2Br + 1,07
Pt + 2 e
2+
֖ Pt + 1,20
2+
MnO2 + 4H + 2e
+
֖ Mn + 2H2O + 1,23
O2(g) + 4H + 4e
+
֖ 2H2O + 1,23
2 3+
Cr2O 7 + 14H + 6e
+
֖ 2Cr + 7H2O + 1,33

Cℓ2(g) + 2e ֖ 2Cℓ + 1,36
+ 2+
MnO 4 + 8H + 5e ֖ Mn + 4H2O + 1,51
+
H2O2 + 2H +2 e ֖ 2H2O +1,77
2+
Co + e
3+
֖ Co + 1,81
F2(g) + 2e ֖ 2F
+ 2,87
Copyright reserved
Physical Sciences/P2 DBE/November 2019
CAPS – Grade 11
GRAPH SHEET
SUBMIT THIS GRAPH SHEET WITH THE ANSWER BOOK.
NAME:______________________________________________________CLASS:____
QUESTION 4.2
Graph of pressure versus inverse of volume

200
P ((kPa))
150
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
(m-3)
Copyright reserved
-
NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE/
NASIONALE
SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT
GRADE/GRAAD 11
PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)

FISIESE WETENSKAPPE: CHEMIE (V2)
NOVEMBER 2019
MARKING GUIDELINES/NASIENRIGLYNE
MARKS/PUNTE: 150
These marking guidelines consist of 14 pages./

Hierdie nasienriglyne bestaan uit 14 bladsye.
Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe/V2 2 DBE/November 2019
CAPS/KABV – Grade/Graad 11 – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne
QUESTION 1/VRAAG 1
1.1 A  (2)
1.2 B  (2)
1.3 D  (2)
1.4 D  (2)
1.5 C  (2)
1.6 D  (2)
1.7 A  (2)
1.8 D  (2)
1.9 B  (2)
1.10 A  (2)
[20]

QUESTION 2/VRAAG 2
2.1
2.1.1 Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne
If any of the underlined key words/phrases are omitted: minus 1 mark
Indien enige van die onderstreepte sleutelwoorde/frases uitgelaat is:
minus 1 punt
Two electrons shared between two atoms in a covalent bond. 

Twee elektrone gedeel tussen twee atome in ’n kovalente binding. (2)
2.1.2
: :
(a) H:N:H  Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne

 Whole structure correct./Hele struktuur korrek. 
H  N:H
H : .. Max./Maks. 1
2
H
(2)
: :
: :
(b) Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne

H : O : Cℓ :   Whole structure correct./Hele struktuur korrek. 
 H:Cℓ:O Max./Maks. 1
2 (2)
2.1.3
(a) 3 (1)
(b) 2 (1)
(c) Trigonal pyramidal 

Trigonaal piramidaal (1)
2.1.4 O-H 
O-H ∆EN = 3,5 - 2,1 = 1,4

N-H ∆EN = 3 - 2,1 = 0,9
OR/OF
∆EN between H and O is greater./∆EN between N and H is smaller.
∆EN tussen H en O is groter./∆EN tussen N en H is kleiner. (2)
2.1.5 Hydrogen bonds 

Waterstofbindings (1)
2.1.6 Dative covalent bond 

Datief kovalente binding (1)

2.2
minus 1 punt
Energy needed to break one mole of a compound’s molecules into separate

atoms. 
Die energie benodig om een mol molekule van ’n verbinding in aparte atome
op te breek. (2)
2.2.2 A
When the bond order increases/double bond is formed, the bond length
decreases  and the bond energy increases. 
Wanneer die bindingsorde verhoog/dubbelbinding gevorm word, verlaag die
bindingslengte en verhoog die bindingsenergie.
OR/OF
When a second bond is formed, the bond length decreases  and the
potential energy of the molecule decreases. 
Wanneer die tweede binding gevorm word,verlaag die bindingslengte en
verlaag die potensiële energie. (3)
2.2.3 148 pm  (1)

[19]

QUESTION 3/VRAAG 3
3.1 Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne

minus 1 punt
Temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at

equilibrium. 
Die temperatuur waarby die vaste- en vloeistoffases van ’n stof in ewewig is. (2)
3.2  HF has hydrogen bonds between molecules. 
 HCℓ has dipole-dipole forces.
 Hydrogen bonds are stronger than dipole-dipole forces./Intermolecular
forces in HF stronger./ Intermolecular forces in HCℓ weaker. 
 More energy is needed to overcome/break intermolecular forces. 
 HF het waterstofbindings tussen molekule.
 HCℓ het dipool-dipoolkragte.
 Waterstofbindings is sterker as dipool-dipoolkragte./Intermolekulêre
kragte in HF sterker./Intermolekulêre kragte in HCℓ swakker.
 Meer energie benodig om intermolekulêre kragte te oorkom/breek. (4)
3.3 CS2  (1)
3.4  CS2 has a greater surface area/molecular mass/larger molecules (than

CO2). 
 London forces increase with molecular mass/molecular size. 
 More energy needed to break/overcome intermolecular forces. 
 CS2 has a groter oppervlak/molekulêre massa/groter molekule (as CO2).
 Londonkragte neem toe met molekulêre massa/molekulêre grootte.
 Meer energie benodig om intermolekulêre kragte te oorkom/breek. (3)
3.5 HCℓ 
Lowest boiling point. 
Laagste kookpunt. (2)
[12]

QUESTION 4/VRAAG 4

minus 1 punt
Pressure of an enclosed gas is inversely proportional to the volume it

occupies at constant temperature. 
Die druk van ’n ingeslote gas is omgekeerd eweredig aan die volume wat dit
beslaan by konstante temperatuur. (2)
4.2
Marking criteria for graph/Nasienriglyne vir grafiek

Three (3) points plotted correctly./Drie (3) punte korrek gestip. 
All 5 points correctly plotted./Al 5 punte korrek gestip. 
Line of best fit drawn./Beste paslyn getrek. 
Refer to the last page of marking guideline for graph drawn on supplied graph
sheet./Verwys na die laaste bladsy van nasienriglyn vir grafiek getrek op
verskafde grafiekpapier. (3)
4.3 Temperature/Temperatuur 
OR/OF
Number of moles of gas/Aantal mol gas
Gradient/gradiënt = pV = nRT  (2)
4.4 Particles/molecules of real gases occupy volume. 

At high pressure, volume of gas molecules/particles become significant  and
the measured volume is greater than expected. 
Deeltjies/molekule van werklike gasse beslaan volume.

By hoë druk word volume van molekule/deeltjies beduidend en
die gemete volume is groter as verwag. (3)
4.5 pV = nRT 
(125 000)(0,049)  = n(8,31)(298) 
n = 2,47 mol  (4)
[14]
QUESTION 5/VRAAG 5
5.1 p1 p 2

T1 T2
240 x
= 
303 263
x = 208,32 (kPa)  (3)
5.2 Greater than/Groter as  (1)

 Compare gradients./Vergelyk gradiënte. 
p nR
 Gradient =  .
T V
1
 Compare 
V
OPTION 1/OPSIE 1 OPTION 2/OPSIE 2
Gradient of graph for N smaller than gradient Gradient (N) < gradient (M) 
of graph for M./Gradiënt van grafiek vir N p p
kleiner as gradiënt van grafiek vir M.  ( )N < ( )M
T T
nR nR nR
Gradient =  ( )N < ( )M 
V V V
1 1 1 1
Therefore/Dus ( )N < ( )M  ( )N < ( )M 
V V V V
Thus volume of N larger than volume of M. VN > VM
Dus is die volume van N groter as die
volume van M. (3)
[7]

QUESTION 6/VRAAG 6
6.1
minus 1 punt
The mass of one mole of a substance measured in g·mol-1. 

Die massa van een mol van ’n stof gemeet in g·mol-1. (2)
6.1.2 39,13 Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne

n(C) =  = 3,26  Divide %C by 12 g∙mol-1./Deel %C
12
deur 12 g∙mol-1.
8,7
n(H) =  = 8,7  Divide %H by 1 g∙mol-1./Deel %H
1 deur 1 g∙mol-1.
52,17  Divide %O by 16 g∙mol-1./Deel %O
n(O) =  = 3,26
16 deur 16 g∙mol-1.
Ratio/Verhouding C : H : O:  Divide by smallest answer/Deel deur
3,26 kleinste antwoord.
=1  Ratio/Verhouding: 3 : 8 : 3
3,26
 Final answer/Finale antwoord:
8,7 C3H8O3 
= 2,67 
3,26
3,26
=1
3,26
C : H : O = 1 : 2,67 : 1 = 3 : 8 : 3 
Empirical formula/Empiriese formule:
C3H8O3  (6)
6.1.3 5 (1)
6.1.4 m Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne

n m
M  Substitute 137 g∙mol-1 in ratio/ n  .
18 M
n m
137  Vervang 137 g∙mol-1 in verhouding/ n  .
n = 0,131 mol M
 Use ratio/Gebruik verhouding:
KMnO4 : Mn2O3 = 2 : 1 n(Mn2O3) = ½n(KMnO4) 
n(Mn2O3) = 0,0656 mol   Substitute 158 g∙mol-1 in ratio/ n 
m
.
M
m m
n Vervang 158 g∙mol-1 in verhouding/ n  .
M M
m  Final answer/Finale antwoord: 10,38 g 
0,0656 
158 
 m = 10,38 g  (4)

6.2
minus 1 punt
The amount of solute/dissolved substance per litre/dm3 of solution. 

The hoeveelheid opgeloste stof per liter/dm3 van die oplossing. (2)
6.2.2 n
c 
V
n
0,1  
0,1
n = 0,01 mol  (3)
6.2.3 V Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne

n(HC)   m V
Vm  Formula/Formule: n  / n  
0,460 M Vm
  V
24,45  Substitute 25,45 dm3∙mol-1 in ratio/ n  .
= 0,01881 mol Vm
Vervang 25,45 dm3∙mol-1 in verhouding/
Ratio HCℓ : NaCℓ = 1 : 1 V
n(NaCℓ) = 0,01881 mol  n  .
Vm
m
n
M  Use ratio/Gebruik verhouding:
m n(NaCℓ) = n(HCℓ) 
0,0188 
58,5  m
 Substitute 58,5 g∙mol-1 in ratio/ n  .
m(NaCℓ) = 1,1 g M
m
1,1 Vervang 58,5 g∙mol-1 in verhouding/ n  .
%purity  x100  M
1,5 m(calculated / bereken )
= 73,37%    100 
m(impure / onsuiwer )
 Final answer/Finale antwoord: 73 g 
(6)
[24]

QUESTION 7/VRAAG 7

Indien enige van die sleutelwoorde/frases uitgelaat is: minus 1 punt
The energy absorbed or released per mole in a chemical reaction. 

Die energie geabsorbeer of vrygestel per mol in a chemiese reaksie. (2)
7.2 Endothermic 
More energy is absorbed than released  OR ΔH > 0
Endotermies
Meer energie is geabsorbeer as vrygestel OF ΔH > 0 (2)
7.3
7.3.1 544 (kJ/kJ·mol-1)  (2)
7.3.2 131 (kJ/kJ·mol-1)  (2)

[8]
QUESTION 8/VRAAG 8
8.1
8.1.1 An acid is a proton donor. 
’n Suur is ’n protonskenker. (2)
8.1.2 HNO3 and/en NO3 

OR/OF
H2O and/en H3O+ (2)
8.1.3 Acidic/Suur 
Hydronium ions/H3O+ formed in water. 
Hidroniumione/H3O+ vorm in water. (2)

minus 1 punt
An ampholyte is a substance that can act as either acid or base. 

’n Amfoliet is ’n stof wat as suur of basis kan optree. (2)
8.1.5 H2O 
8.1.6 Reaction 1: It/H2O reacts as base/accepts a proton or H+. 

Reaction 2: It/H2O reacts as acid/donates a proton or H+.  (2)


 Substitute 0,1 dm3 & 0,2 mol∙dm-3 in formula/ratio. 
Vervang 0,1 dm3 & 0,2 mol∙dm-3 in formule/verhouding.
 Use ratio/Gebruik verhouding:
n(dilute/verdun) = n(concentrated/gekonsentreerd) 
 Substitute 0,02 mol & 0,16 mol∙dm-3 in formula/ratio.
Vervang 0,0,2 mol & 0,16 mol∙dm-3 in formule/verhouding.
 Final answer/Finale antwoord: 0,025 dm3 / 25 cm3 
OPTION 1/OPSIE 1 OPTION 2/OPSIE 2

n c1V1 = c2V2
c (0,2)(100)  = (0,16)V2
V
n V2 = 125 cm3
0,2  
0,1
 n(conc/gekons) = 0,02 mol Amount added/Hoeveelheid
= n(dilute/verdun)  bygevoeg:
n 125 – 100 = 25 cm3 
c
V
0,02
0,16  
V
V = 0,125 dm3
Amount added/Hoeveelheid bygevoeg:

0,125 – 0,1 = 0,025 dm3  (4)
8.2
8.2.1 n Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne
c  m n
V  Formula/Formule: n  / c  
n M V
0,16   3 -1
 Substitute/Vervang 0,16 dm ∙mol &
0,08
n
0,08 dm in c 
n = 0,0128 mol 3
/ratio/verhouding 
V
n(ZnO) = ½n(HNO3)  Use ratio/Gebruik verhouding:
= ½ (0,0128)  n(ZnO) = ½n(HNO3) 
= 0,0064  Substitute/Vervang 81 g∙mol-1 in
m m
n n /ratio/verhouding. 
M M
m  Final answer/Finale antwoord:
0,0064   0,52 g 
81
m = 0,52 g  (5)
8.2.2 Zinc nitrate/Sinknitraat 

Zn(NO3)2  (2)
[21]

QUESTION 9/VRAAG 9
9.1 A reaction in which electrons are transferred. 

’n Reaksie waar elektrone oorgedra word. (2)
9.2
9.2.1 +7  (1)
9.2.2 +2  (1)
9.3. Reduction/Reduksie 
The oxidation number decreased. 
Die oksidasie getal verminder.
OR
Electrons are gained./Elektrone is opgeneem. (2)
9.4 (Reaction/reaksie) 1 
Oxidation number (of S) decreases  from +4 (in SO2) to 0 (in S).

Oksidaseigetal (van S) neem af van +4 (in SO2) na 0 (in S).
OR/OF
SO2 gains electrons./SO2 neem elektrone op.
OR/OF
In reaction 2, the oxidation number (of S) increases from +4 (in SO2) to +6 (in
SO 24  )./In reaksie 2, neem die oksidasiegetal (van S) toe van +4 (in SO2) na
+ 6 in SO 42  ). (2)
9.5 H2S  S + 2H+ + 2e- 
Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne
 H2S S + 2H+ + 2e- 1 S + 2H+ + 2e- ← H2S 1
2 2
+
S + 2H + 2e -
H2S 0 + -
S + 2H + 2e → H2S 0
2 2
 Ignore if charge on electron is omitted./Ignoreer indien lading op elektron
uitgelaat is.
 If charge on ion omitted e.g. S + 2H + 2e- → H2S
Indien lading op ion uitgelaat is bv. S + 2H + 2e- → H2S Max/Maks. 1
2 (2)
9.6 H2S  S + 2H+ + 2e- (x2) IF/INDIEN

SO2 + 4H+ + 4e-  S + 2H2O  No half-reactions shown/Geen
2H2S + SO2  3S + 2H2O  Bal.  halfreaksies getoon nie:
Max/Maks. 1
2 (4)
[14]

QUESTION 10/VRAAG 10
10.1 Cyanide/CN-/It is toxic. 

Sianied/CN-/Dit is giftig. (1)
10.2 Basic/Basies 
Hydroxide is a base./Hidroksied is ’n basis. (2)
10.3 +1  (1)
10.4 Au  (1)
10.5 Oxidation/Oksidasie  (1)
10.6 Zn  Zn2+ + 2e- 
Marking guidelines/Nasienriglyne
 Zn Zn2+ + 2e- 1 Zn2+ + 2e- ← Zn 1
2 2
Zn 2+
+ 2e -
Zn 0 Zn 2+ -
+ 2e → Zn 0
2 2
 Ignore if charge on electron is omitted./Ignoreer indien lading op elektron
uitgelaat is.
 If charge on ion omitted e.g. Zn  Zn + 2e-
Indien lading op ion uitgelaat is bv. Zn  Zn + 2e- Max/Maks. 1
2 (2)
10.7 197
%Au  ×100 
272
= 72,42%  (2)
[10]
TOTAL/TOTAAL: 150

GRAPH SHEET/GRAFIEKPAPIER
SUBMIT THIS GRAPH SHEET WITH THE ANSWER BOOK.

LEWER HIERDIE GRAGIEKPAPIER SAAM MET DIE ANTWOORDEBOEK IN.
NAME/NAAM _____________________________________CLASS/KLAS________
QUESTION/VRAAG 4.2
Graph of pressure versus inverse of volume
Grafiek van druk teenoor omgekeerde van volume
200
P (kPa)
dm3)
150
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
(m-3)
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PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2)

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QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1.1 The number of valence electrons in a silicon atom is …

1.2 In a polar covalent bond …

A the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero.

B electrons are shared unequally between two atoms.

D delocalised electrons are shared between atoms. (2)

1.3 The type of intermolecular forces present between N2 molecules are …

D London forces. (2)

1.4 Which ONE of the following contains ionic bonds?

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1.5 The number of ions present in 3 moles of MgCℓ2 is …

D 12 × 6,02 × 1023 (2)

D number of molecules. (2)

1.7 4 moles of nitrogen gas is sealed in a balloon at temperature T and pressure

The new pressure in the balloon is …

1.8 Consider the chemical equation below:

OH  (aq) + HCO3 (aq) ֖ CO32 (aq) + H2O(ℓ)

The Lowry-Brønsted bases in the above reaction are …

A HCO3 (aq) and OH  (aq)

B H2O(ℓ) and OH  (aq)

C H2O(ℓ) and HCO3 (aq)

D OH  (aq) and CO32 (aq) (2)

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D blue to red. (2)

1.10 Oxidation takes place when the …

A reducing agent loses electrons.

B oxidising agent loses electrons.

C reducing agent gains electrons.

D oxidising agent gains electrons. (2)

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QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.)

2.1.1 Define the term bonding pair. (2)

2.1.2 Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules:

(a) NH3 (2)

(b) HOCℓ (2)

2.1.3 Write down the:

(a) Number of bonding pairs in NH3 (1)

(b) Number of lone pairs on the oxygen atom in HOCℓ (1)

(c) Shape of an ammonia molecule (1)

2.1.5 Write down the type of intermolecular forces present in BOTH

2.1.6 When ammonia dissolves in water, the ammonium ion ( NH4 ) is

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Graph of potential energy versus distance between nuclei

2.2.1 Define the term bond energy. (2)

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QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)

MELTING POINT BOILING POINT

3.1 Define the term melting point. (2)

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QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.)

The relationship between pressure and volume of an enclosed gas at 25 °C is

4.1 State Boyle's law in words. (2)

4.2 ANSWER THIS QUESTION ON THE ATTACHED GRAPH PAPER.

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QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.)

An unknown mass of gas is sealed in container M. The temperature is increased and

OH (aq) + HCO3 (aq) ֖ CO32 (aq) + H2O(ℓ)

A HCO3 (aq) and OH (aq)

B H2O(ℓ) and OH (aq)

C H2O(ℓ) and HCO3 (aq)

D OH (aq) and CO32 (aq) (2)

2.1.6 When ammonia dissolves in water, the ammonium ion ( NH4 ) is

Reaction 1: HNO3(aq) + H2O(ℓ) → H3O+(aq) + NO3 (aq)