Lakshya JEE AIR (2025)

Binomial Theorem
1. BINOMIAL EXPRESSION:
Any algebraic expression which contains two dissimilar terms is called binomial expression.
1 1 1
For example : x – y, xy + , –1, +3 etc.
x z (x − y)1/3
2. BINOMIAL THEOREM:
The formula by which any positive integral power of a binomial expression can be expanded in the form
of a series is known as BINOMIAL THEOREM.
If x, y R and n  N, then:
n
(x + y)n = nC0xn + nC1xn–1 y + nC2 xn–2 y2 + ..... + nCrxn–ryr + ..... + nCnyn =  n Cr x n −r yr
r =0

This theorem can be proved by induction.

Observations:
(a) The number of terms in the expansion is (n + 1) i.e. one more than the index.
(b) The sum of the indices of x & y in each term is n.
(c) The binomial coefficients of the terms (nC0, nC1.....) equidistant from the beginning and the end are
equal. i.e. nCr= nCr–1

()
(d) Symbol nCr can also be denoted by n , C(n, r) or A nr .
r

Some important expansions:

(i) (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + ........ + nCnxn.
(ii) (1 – x)n = nC0 – nC1x + nC2x2 + ........ + (–1)n . nCnxn.
Note: The coefficient of xr in (1 + x)n = nCr& that in (1–x)n = (–1)r .nCr

Illustration 1: Expand : (y + 2)6.

Solution: 6C0y6 + 6C1y5.2 + 6C2y4.22 + 6C3y3.23 + 6C4y2. 24 + 6C5y1 . 25 + 6C6 . 26.
= y6 + 12y5 + 60y4 + 160y3 + 240y2 + 192y + 64.

7
 2y2 
Illustration 2: Write first 4 terms of 1 − 
 5 
2 3
 2y2  7 7  2y2  7  2y2 
Solution: C0, C1  −
7 7
 , C0, C2  −  , C3  − 
 5   5   5 

PHYSICS WALLAH 1
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
Illustration 3: If in the expansion of (1 + x)m (1 – x)n, the coefficients of x and x2 are 3 and – 6 respectively
then m is - [JEE 99]
(A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 24
 (m)(m− 1).x 2   n(n − 1) 2 
Solution: (1 + x)m (1 – x)n = 1 + mx + + ...... 1 − nx + 2 x + ......
 2   
Coefficient of x = m – n = 3 ........(i)
n(n + 1) m(m− 1)
Coefficient of x2 = –mn + + = -6 ........(ii)
2 2
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
m = 12 and n = 9.

Do yourself - 1:
5
 x
(i) Expand  3x 2 −  (ii) Expand (y + x)n
 2

Pascal's Triangle:
(x + y)0 1
(x + y)1 x+y
(x + y)2 x2 + 2xy + y2
(x + y)3 x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3
(x + y)4 x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y3
Pascal's triangle
(i) Pascal's triangle - A triangular arrangement of numbers as shown. The numbers give the binomial
coefficients for the expansion of (x + y)n. The first row is for n = 0, the second for n = 1, etc. Each row
has 1 as its first and last number. Other numbers are generated by adding the two numbers immediately to
the left and right in the row above.
(ii) Pascal triangle is formed by binomial coefficient.
(iii) The number of terms in the expansion of (x + y)n is (n + 1) i.e. one more than the index.
(iv) The sum of the indices of x & y in each term is n.
(v) Power of first variable (x) decreases while of second variable (y) increases.
(vi) Binomial coefficients are also called combinatorial coefficients.
(vii) Binomial coefficients of the terms equidistant from the beginning and end are equal.
(viii) rth term from the beginning in the expansion of (x + y)n is same as rth term from end in the
expansion of (y + x)n.
(ix) rth term from the end in (x + y)n is (n – r + 2)th term from the beginning.

3. IMPORTANT TERMS IN THE BINOMIAL EXPANSION:

(a) General term: The general term or the (r +1)th term in the expansion of (x + y)n is given by
Tr+1 = nCrxn–r yr.

PHYSICS WALLAH 2
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
11
 1 
Illustration 4: Find: (a) The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of  ax 2 + 
 bx 
11
 1 
(b) The coefficient of x–7 in the expansion of  ax − 2 
 bx 
Also, find the relation between a and b, so that these coefficients are equal.
11
 1 
Solution :(a) In the expansion of  ax 2 +  , the general term is :
 bx 
a11−r
r
 1 
Tr+1 = Cr (ax )   = 11Cr. r .x22–3r
11 2 11–r

 bx  b
putting 22 – 3r = 7
 3r = 15 r = 5
a6 7
 t6 = 11c5 .x
b5
11
 1 
Hence the coefficient of x7 in  ax 2 +  is 11C5a6b–5. Ans.
 bx 
Note that binomial coefficient of sixth term is 11C5.
11
 1 
(b) In the expansion of  ax − 2  , general term is :
 bx 
a11−r
r
 −1 
Tr+1 = 11Cr(ax)11–r  2  = (–1)r 11Cr r .x11–3r
 bx  b
putting 11 – 3r = –7
 3r = 18 r = 6
a 5 –7
 T7 = (–1)6. 11C6 .x
b6
11
 1 
Hence the coefficient of x–7 in  ax − 2  is 11C6a5b–6. Ans.
 bx 
Also given :
11 11
 1   1 
Coefficient of x in  ax 2 +  = coefficient of x–7 in  ax − 2 
7

 bx   bx 
11
 C5a6b–5 =11C6a5b–6
 ab = 1 (11C5 =11C6)
which is the required relation between a and b. Ans.

Illustration 5: Find the number of rational terms in the expansion of (91/4 + 81/6)1000.
Solution: The general term in the expansion of (91/4 + 81/6)1000 is
1000− r r
 1  1  1000 1000− r r
Tr+1= Cr  9 4   8 6  = Cr 3 2 2 2
1000
   
   
The above term will be rational if exponents of 3 and 2 are integers
1000 − r r
It means and must be integers
2 2
The possible set of values of r is {0, 2, 4, .........., 1000}
Hence, number of rational terms is 501 Ans.
PHYSICS WALLAH 3
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
(b) Middle term:
The middle term(s) in the expansion of (x + y)n is (are) :
(i) If n is even, there is only one middle term which is given by T(n+2)/2= nCn/2. xn/2. yn/2
(ii) If n is odd, there are two middle terms which are T(n+1)/2& T[(n+1)/2]+1
Important Note:
Middle term has greatest binomial coefficient and if there are 2 middle terms their coefficients will be
equal.
n
When r = if niseven
n
 Cr will be maximum 2
n −1 n +1
When r = or if nisodd
2 2
 The term containing greatest binomial coefficient will be middle term in the expansion of (1 + x)n
9
 x3 
Illustration 6: Find the middle term in the expansion of  3x − 
 6 
9
 x3 
Solution: The number of terms in the expansion of  3x −  is 10(even). So there are two middle terms.
 6 
th th
 9 +1  9+3
i. e.   and   are two middle terms. They are given by T5 and T6
 2   2 
4
 x3  x12 9.8.7.6 35 17 189 17
 T5 = T4+1 = C4(3x)  −  = 9C435x5. 4 =
9 5
. x = x
 6  6 1.2.3.4 24.34 8
5
 x3  x15 −9.8.7.6 34 19 21
and T6 = T5+1 = C5(3x)  −  = – 9C434.x4. 5 =
9 4
. 5 5 x = – x19 Ans.
 6  6 1.2.3.4 2 .3 16

(c) Term independent of x:

Term independent of x does not contain x ; Hence find the value of r for which the exponent of x is
zero.
10
 x  3 
Illustration 7: The term independent of x in  +  2  is –
 3  2x  
5 10
(A) 1 (B) (C) C1 (D) none of these
12
Solution: General term in the expansion is
r 10 − r
35−r
3r
 x 2  3  2 −10 3r 20
10
Cr    2 = 10Cr x 2 . 10− r
For constant term, = 10  r =
3  2x  2 3
2 2
which is not an integer. Therefore, there will be no constant term. Ans. (D)

Do yourself - 2:
10
 1
(i) Find the 7 term of  3x 2 − 
th

 3
25
 3
(ii) Find the term independent of x in the expansion:  2x 2 − 3 
 x 
6 7
 2x 3   1
(iii) Find the middle term in the expansion of: (a)  −  (b)  2x 2 − 
 3 2x   x

PHYSICS WALLAH 4
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
(d) Numerically greatest term:
Let numerically greatest term in the expansion of (a + b)n be Tr+1.


| T || T |
 | Tr +1 |  | Tr | where Tr+1 = nCran–rbr
r +1 r +2

n +1 n +1
Solving above inequalities we get –1r
a a
1+ 1+
b b
n +1
Case I: When is an integer equal to m, then Tm and Tm+1 will be numerically greatest term.
a
1+
b
n +1
Case II: When is not an integer and its integral part is m, then T m+1 will be the numerically
a
1+
b
greatest term.
1
Illustration 8: Find numerically greatest term in the expansion of (3 – 5x)11 when x =
5
n +1 n +1
Solution: Using –1r
a a
1+ 1+
b b
11 + 1 11 + 1
–1  r 
3 3
1+ 1+
−5x −5x
solving we get 2  r  3
r = 2, 3
so, the greatest terms are T2+1 and T3+1.
Greatest term (when r = 2)
T3 = 11C2.39 (–5x)2 = 55.39 = T4
From above we say that the value of both greatest terms are equal. Ans.

Illustration 9: Given T3 in the expansion of (1 – 3x)6 has maximum numerical value. Find the range of 'x'.
n +1 n +1
Solution: Using –1r
a a
1+ 1+
b b
6 +1 7
–1  2 
1 1
1+ 1+
−3x −3x
Let |x| = t
21t 21t
–12
3t + 1 3t + 1
 21t  4t − 1  1 1
 3t + 1  3  3t + 1  0  t  − 3 , 4 
 21t  15t − 2  
 2   1  2 
 0  t   −, −    ,  
 3t + 1  3t + 1  3  15 
 2 1  1 2   2 1
Common solution t   ,   x   − , −    , 
15 4   4 15  15 4 
PHYSICS WALLAH 5
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
Do yourself -3:
(i) Find the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (3 – 2x)9, when x = 1.
n
 1 2x  1
In the expansion of  +  when x = − 2 , it is known that 3 terms is the greatest term. Find the
rd
(ii)
 2 3 
possible integral values of n.

4. PROPERTIES OF BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS:

n
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 +.........+ Cnxn =  n
Crxr; n N ........(i)
r =0

where C0, C1, C2,............Cn are called combinatorial (binomial) coefficients.

(a) The sum of all the binomial coefficients is 2n.
Put x = 1, in (i) we get
n
C0 + C1 + C2 + .............+ Cn = 2n   n Cr = 0 ........(ii)
r =0

(b) Put x=–1 in (i) we get

n
C0 – C1 + C2 – C3............+ Cn = 0   (−1)r nCr = 0 ........(iii)
r =0

(c) The sum of the binomial coefficients at odd position is equal to the sum of the binomial coefficient
sat even position and each is equal to 2n–1.
From (ii) & (iii), C0 + C2 + C4 +............ = C1 + C3 + C5+....... = 2n–1
n
(d) Cr + nCr–1= n+1Cr
n
Cr n − r +1
(e) n
=
Cr −1 r
n n n–1 n n − 1 n–2 n(n − 1)(n − 2)........(n − r + 1)
(f) Cr = Cr–1 = . Cr–2 = ........ =
r r r −1 r(r − 1)(r − 2).......1
n r + 1 n+1
(g) Cr = . Cr+1
n +1

Illustration 10: Prove that : 25C10 + 24C10 +........+10C10 = 26C11

Solution: LHS = 10C10 + 11C10 + 12C10 + ..............+ 25
C10
11
 C11 + 11C10 + 12C10 + .......+ 25
C10
 12
C11 + 12C10 +........+ 25C10
13
 C11 + 13C10 +.........25C10
and so on. LHS = 26C11
Alter:
LHS = coefficient of x10 in {(1 + x)10 + (1 + x)11 +............... (1 + x)25}
 {1 + x}16 − 1 
 coefficient of x10 in (1 + x)10 
 1 + x −1 

(1 + x)26 − (1 + x)10 

 coefficient of x10 in  
x
 coefficient of x11 in [ (1+ x)26–(1+ x)10]= 26C11 – 0 = 26C11
PHYSICS WALLAH 6
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
Illustration 11: A student is allowed to select at most n books from a collection of (2n + 1)books. If the total
number of ways in which he can select books is 63, find the value of n.
Solution: Given student selects at most n books from a collection of (2n + 1) books. It means that he selects
one book or two books or three books or ............ or n books. Hence, by the given condition-
2n+1
C1 + 2n+1C2 + 2n+1C3 +.........+ 2n+1Cn = 63 ...(i)
But we know that
2n+1
C0 + 2n+1C1 + 2n+1C2 + 2n+1C3 + ....... + 2n+1C2n+1 = 22n+1 ...(ii)
Since 2n+1C0 = 2n+1C2n+1 = 1, equation (ii) can also be written as
2 + (2n+1C1 + 2n+1C2 + 2n+1C3 + ....... + 2n+1Cn) +
(2n+1Cn+1 + 2n+1Cn+2 + 2n+1 Cn+3 + ....... + 2n+1C2n–1 + 2n+1C2n) = 22n+1
 2 + (2n+1C1 + 2n+1C2 + 2n+1C3 + ......... + 2n+1Cn) + (2n+1Cn + 2n+1Cn–1 + ........ + 2n+1C2 + 2n+1C1) = 22n+1
(2n+1Cr = 2n+1C2n + 1 – r)

 2 + 2 (2n+1C1 + 2n+1C2 + 2n+1C3 + ....... + 2n+1Cn) = 22n+1 [from (i)]

 2 + 2.63 = 22n+1  1+ 63 = 22n
 64 = 22n  26 = 22n  2n = 6 Hence, n = 3. Ans.

Illustration 12: Prove that :

(i) C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 + ........ + nCn = n . 2n–1
C1 C2 C 2n +1 − 1
(ii) C0 + + +.........+ n =
2 3 n +1 n +1
n n
n
Solution: (i) L.H.S. =  r. nCr =  r. r .n −1 Cr −1
r =1 r =1

n
= n n–1
Cr–1 = n.  n −1 C0 +n −1 C1 + ....... +n −1 Cn −1  = n . 2n–1
r =1

Aliter: (Using method of differentiation)

(1 + x)n = nC0+ nC1x + nC2x2 + ....... + nCnxn ..........(A)
Differentiating (A), we get
n(1 + x)n – 1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 + ....... + n.Cnxn – 1.
Put x = 1,
C1+ 2C2 + 3C3 + ........+ n.Cn = n.2n–1
n Cr 1 n
n +1
(ii) L.H.S. =  =  r + 1 nCr
r =0 r + 1 n +1 r =0
n
1 1 1
=
n +1
 n +1 Cr +1 =
n +1
 n +1 C1 +n +1 C2 + ....... +n +1 Cn+1  =
  n +1
[2n+1 – 1]
r =0

Aliter: (Using method of integration)

Integrating (A), we get
(1 + x)n +1 C x2 C x3 C x n +1
+ C = C0x + 1 + 2 +.......+ n (where C is a constant)
n +1 2 3 n +1
1
Put x = 0, we get, C = –
n +1
(1 + x)n +1 − 1 C x2 C x3 C x n +1
 = C0x + 1 + 2 +.......+ n
n +1 2 3 n +1
PHYSICS WALLAH 7
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
C1 C2 C 2n +1 − 1
Put x = 1, we get C0 + + + ....... n =
2 3 n +1 n +1
C C 1
Put x = –1, we get C0 – 1 + 2 − ......
2 3 n +1
n
(2n − 1)!
Illustration 13: If (1 + x)n =  n Cr x r , then prove that C12 + 2. C 22 + 3. C 32 +.....+ n. C 2n =
r =0 ((n − 1)!)2
Solution: (1 + x) = C0+ C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + ........ + Cnxn
n
.........(i)
Differentiating both the sides, w.r.t. x, we get
n(1 + x)n–1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 + ......... + n.Cnxn –1 .........(ii)
also, we have
(x + 1)n = C0xn + C1xn – 1 + C2xn –2 + ......... + Cn .........(iii)
Multiplying (ii) & (iii), we get
(C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 +.....+ Cnxn – 1)(C0xn + C1xn –1 + C2xn – 2 +.....+ Cn) = n(1 + x)2n – 1
Equating the coefficients of xn – 1, we get
(2n − 1)!
C12 + 2C22 + 3C32 +........+ n. C 2n = n.2n–1Cn–1 = Ans.
((n − 1)!)2
Illustration 14: Prove that : C0 – 3C1 + 5C2 – ........(–1)n(2n + 1)Cn = 0
Solution: Tr = (–1)r(2r + 1)nCr = 2(–1)rr . nCr+ (–1)rnCr
n n n n
n
Tr= 2  (−1)r .r. .n −1 Cr −1 +  (−1)r nCr = 2  (−1)r .n −1 Cr −1 +  (−1)r .n Cr
r =1 r r =0 r =1 r =0

= 2  n−1 C0 −n−1 C1 + ...... +  n C0 −n C1 + ...... = 0

Illustration 15: Prove that (2nC0)2 – (2nC1)2 + (2nC2)2 – .... + (–1)n (2nC2n)2 = (–1)n. 2nCn
Solution: (1 – x)2n = 2nC0 – 2nC1x + 2nC2x2 – ....+(–1)n2nC2nx2n ....(i)
2n 2n 2n 2n 2n–1 2n 2n–2 2n
and (x + 1) = C0x + C1x + C2x +...+ C2n ....(ii)
Multiplying (i) and (ii), we get
(x2 –1)2n = (2nC0 – 2nC1x +....+ (–1)n2nC2nx2n) × (2nC0x2n + 2nC1x2n–1 +.... + 2nC2n) ....(iii)
Now, coefficient of x2n in R.H.S.
= (2nC0)2 – (2nC1)2 + (2nC2)2 – ...... + (–1)n (2nC2n)2
 General term in L.H.S., Tr+1 = 2nCr(x2)2n – r(–1)r
Putting 2(2n – r) = 2n
r = n
 Tn+1 = 2nCnx2n(–1)n
Hence coefficient of x2n in L.H.S. = (–1)n.2nCn
But (iii) is an identity, therefore coefficient of x2n in R.H.S. = coefficient of x2n in L.H.S.
 (2nC0)2 – (2nC1)2 + (2nC2)2 – .... + (–1)n (2nC2n)2 = (–1)n. 2nCn

Illustration 16: Prove that : nC0.2nCn – nC1. 2n–2Cn-2 + nC2.2n–4Cn–4+ .... = 2n

Solution: L.H.S.= Coefficient of xn in [nC0(1 + x)2n – nC1(1 + x)2n – 2 ......]
= Coefficient of xn in [(1 + x)2 – 1]n
= Coefficient of xn in xn(x + 2)n = 2n

PHYSICS WALLAH 8
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
Illustration 17: If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2x2 + ..... + Cnxn then show that the sum of the products of the Ci's
2n!
taken two at a time represented by :   Ci C j is equal to 22n–1 – 2.n!n!
0i  j n

Solution: Since (C0 + C1 + C2 +.....+ Cn–1 + Cn)2

= C02 + C12 + C22 + ..... + C2n −1 + Cn2 + 2(C0C1 + C0C2 + C0C2 +......+ C0Cn + C1C2
+ C1C3 +......+ C1Cn+ C2C3 + C2C4+...+C2Cn +.....+Cn–1Cn)

(2n)2 = 2nCn +2  CiCj

0i  j n

2n!
Hence  CiCj = 22n–1–
2.n!n!
Ans.
0i  j n

Illustration 18: If (1+ x)n = C0 +C1x + C2 x2 +....+ Cnxn then prove that  (Ci + Cj)2 = (n – 1 )2nCn + 22n
0i  j n

Solution: L.H.S.  (Ci + Cj)2

0i  j n

= (C0 + C1)2 + (C0 + C2)2 +....+ (C0 + Cn)2 + (C1 + C2)2 + (C1 + C3)2 +....
+ (C1 + Cn)2 + (C2 + C3)2 + (C2 + C4)2 +... + (C2 + Cn)2 +....+ (Cn – 1 + Cn)2

( )
= n C02 + C12 + C22 + ..... + Cn2 + 2   CiCj
0i  j n

 2n! 
= n.2nCn + 2. 22n −1 −  {from Illustration 17}
 2.n!n!
= n .2nCn+ 22n– 2nCn = (n – 1) .2nCn+ 22n= R.H.S.

Do yourself - 4:

(i) (0n) + (1n) + (2n) + ....... + (nn) =

(A) 2n – 1 (B) 2n
Cn (C) 2n (D) 2n+1

(ii) If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + .......... + Cnxn, n N. Prove that

(a) 3C0 – 8C1 + 13C2 – 18C3 + .......... upto (n + 1) terms = 0, if n  2.
C1 C C C 3n +1 − 1
(b) 2C0 + 22 + 23 2 + 24 3 + ... + 2n+1 n =
2 3 4 n +1 n +1
C12 C22 C2n (2n + 1)!
(c) C 02 + + +........+ =
2 3 n + 1 ( ( n + 1)!)2

5. MULTINOMIAL THEOREM:
n
Using binomial theorem, we have (x + a)n =  n Cr x n −r a r , n N
r =0

n
n! n! s r
= x n −r a r =  x a , where s + r = n
r =0 (n − r)!r! r +s =n r!s!

PHYSICS WALLAH 9
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
This result can be generalized in the following form.
n!
(x1 + x2 + ...... + xk)n =  x1r1 x r22 ....x rkk
r1 + r2 +...+ rk =n r1 !r2 !.....rk!

n!
The general term in the above expansion . x 1r1 x r22 x 3r3 ....x krk
r1 !r2 !.....rk!
The number of terms in the above expansion is equal to the number of non-negative integral solution of
the equation r1 + r2 + ....... + rk = n because each solution of this equation gives a term in the above
expansion. The number of such solutions is n + k–1Ck–1
Particular cases:
n! r s t
(i) (x + y + z)n =  xyz
r +s + t =n r!s!t!

The above expansion has n + 3 –1C3 – 1 = n + 2C2 terms

n!
(ii) (x + y + z + u)n =  xpyqzr us
p + q + r +s = n p!q!r!s!

There are n+4–1C4-1= n+3C3 terms in the above expansion.

Illustration 19: Find the coefficient of x2 y3z4w in the expansion of (x – y – z + w)10

n!
Solution: (x – y – z + w)10 =  p!q!r!s!
(x)p (–y)q (–z)r (w)s
p + q + r +s =10

We want to get x2y3z4w this implies that p = 2, q = 3, r = 4, s = 1

10!
 Coefficient of x2y3z4w is (–1)3(–1)4= –12600 Ans.
2!3!4!1!

Illustration 20: Find the total number of terms in the expansion of (1 + x + y)10 and coefficient of x2y3
Solution: Total number of terms = 10+3–1C3 – 1 = 12C2 = 66
10!
Coefficient of x2y3 = = 2520 Ans.
2! 3! 5!

Illustration 21: Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (2 – x + 3x2)6.

6! r
Solution: The general term in the expansion of (2 – x + 3x2)6 = 2 (–x)s (3x2)t
r!s!t!
where r + s + t = 6.
6! r
= 2 (–1)s (3)txs+ 2t
r!s!t!
For the coefficient of x5, we must have s + 2t = 5.
But, r + s + t = 6,
 s = 5 – 2t and r = 1 + t, where 0  r, s, t  6.
Now t = 0  r = 1, s = 5.
t = 1  r = 2, s = 3.
t = 2  r = 3, s = 1.
Thus, there are three terms containing x5 and coefficient of x5
6! 6! 6!
= 21× (–1)5 × 30+ × 22× (– 1)3 × 31+ × 23× (–1)1× 32
1!5!0! 2!3!1! 3!1!2!
= –12 – 720 – 4320 = –5052. Ans.
PHYSICS WALLAH 10
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
2n n −1
1 n
Illustration 22: If (1 + x + x2)n =  a r xr , then prove that (a) ar = a2n–r(b)  a r =
2
(3 – an)
r =0 r =0

Solution: (a) We have

2n
(1 + x + x2)n = ar xr ....(A)
r =0

1
Replace x by
x
n r
 1 1  2n
1 2n
 1 + x + 2  =  a r  x   (x2 + x + 1)n =  a r x 2n −r
 x  r =0   r =0

2n 2n
 ar xr =  a r x 2n −r {Using (A)}
r =0 r =0

Equating the coefficient of x2n–r on both sides, we get

a2n–r = ar for 0  r  2n.
Hence ar = a2n–r.
(b) Putting x=1 in given series, then
a0 + a1 + a2 + .........+ a2n = (1+1+1)n
a0 + a1 + a2 + ..........+ a2n = 3n ....(1)
But ar = a2n–r for 0  r  2n
 series (1) reduces to
2(a0 + a1 +a2 + ........+ an–1) + an = 3n.
1 n
 a0 + a1 +a2 + .......+ an–1 = (3 – an)
2

Do yourself - 5:
(i) Find the coefficient of x2y5 in the expansion of (3 + 2x – y)10.

6. APPLICATION OF BINOMIAL THEOREM:

Illustration 23: If (6 6 + 14 )2n + 1 = [N] + F and F = N – [N]; where [.] denotes greatest integer function, then
NF is equal to
(A) 202n+1 (B) an even integer (C) odd integer (D) 402n+1
Solution: Since (6 6 + 14 )2n + 1 = [N] + F
Let us assume that f = (6 6 – 14)2n + 1 ; where 0  f < 1.
Now, [N] + F – f = (6 6 + 14)2n + 1– (6 6 –14)2n+1

(
= 2  2n +1 C1 6 6 ) ( ) (14)3 + ...
2n 2n −2
2n +1
(14) + C3 6 6
 
 [N] + F – f = even integer.
Now 0 < F < 1 and 0 < f < 1
so –1 < F – f < 1 and F – f is an integer so it can only be zero
Thus NF = (6 6 + 14)2n + 1 (6 6 – 14)2n+1 = 202n+1 Ans. (A, B)

PHYSICS WALLAH 11
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
Illustration 24: Find the last three digits in 1150.
Solution: Expansion of (10 + 1)50 = 50C01050 + 50C11049 + ..... +50C48102 + 50C4910 + 50C50
= 50
C01050 +50 C11049 + ..... +50 C47103 + 49 × 25 × 100 + 500 + 1
1000 k

 1000 K + 123001  Last 3 digits are 001.

Illustration 25: Prove that 22225555 + 55552222is divisible by 7.

Solution: When 2222 is divided by 7 it leaves a remainder 3.
So adding & subtracting 35555, we get :
E = 22225555 − 35555 + 35555 + 55552222
E1 E2

For E1 : Now since 2222–3 = 2219 is divisible by 7, therefore E1 is divisible by 7

(xn – an is divisible by x –a)
For E2 : 5555 when divided by 7 leaves remainder 4.
So adding and subtracting 42222, we get :
E2 = 35555 + 42222 + 55552222 – 42222
= (243)1111 + (16)1111 + (5555)2222 – 42222
Again (243) 1111 + 161111 and (5555) 2222 – 42222 are divisible by 7
(xn + an is divisible by x + a when n is odd)
Hence 22221111 + 55552222 is divisible by 7.

Do yourself - 6:
(i) Prove that 525 – 325 is divisible by 2.
(ii) Find the remainder when the number 9100 is divided by 8.
(iii) Find last three digits in 19100.
(iv) Let R =(8 + 3 7 )20and [.] denotes greatest integer function, then prove that :
1
(a) [R] is odd (b) R – [R] = 1 –
(8 + 3 7 )
20

(v) Find the digit at unit's place in the number 171995 + 111995 – 71995.

7. BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR NEGATIVE OR FRACTIONAL INDICES:

n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1)(n − 2) 3
If n Q, then (1 + x)n = 1 + nx + x + x + ...... provided | x | < 1.
2! 3!

Note:
(i) When the index n is a positive integer the number of terms in the expansion of (1+ x) n is finite i.e.
(n + 1) & the coefficient of successive terms are : nC0, nC1, nC2, ....... nCn
(ii) When the index is other than a positive integer such as negative integer or fraction, the number of
terms in the expansion of (1+ x)n is infinite and the symbol nCr cannot be used to denote the
coefficient of the general term.
(iii) Following expansion should be remembered (|x| < 1).
(a) (1 + x)–1 = 1 – x + x2 – x3 + x4- ....
(b) (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4+ ....
(c) (1 + x)–2 = 1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3+ ....

PHYSICS WALLAH 12
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
(d) (1 – x)–2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3+ ....
(−1)r (r + 1)(r + 2) r
(e) (1 + x)–3 = 1 – 3x + 6x2 – 10x3+ .....+ x + .......
2!
(r + 1)(r + 2) r
(f) (1 – x)–3 = 1 + 3x + 6x2 + 10x3+ ..... + x + .......
2!
(iv) The expansions in ascending powers of x are only valid if x is ‘small’. If x is large i.e.
| x | > 1 then we may find it convenient to expand in powers of 1/x, which then will be small.

8. APPROXIMATIONS:
n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1)(n − 2) 3
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx + x + x .......
1.2 1.2.3
If x < 1, the terms of the above expansion go on decreasing and if x be very small, a stage may be
reached when we may neglect the terms containing higher powers of x in the expansion. Thus, if x be
n
so small that its square and higher powers may be neglected then (1+x) = 1+ nx, approximately. This is
an approximate value of (1 + x)n

Illustration 26: If x is so small such that its square and higher powers may be neglected then find the
(1 − 3x)1/2 + (1 − x)5/3
approximate value of
(4 + x)1/2
3 5x
1− x +1− −1/2
(1 − 3x) + (1 − x)
1/2 5/3
2 3 = 1  2 − 19 x  1 + x 
2  6   4 
Solution: =
(4 + x)1/2  x
1/2
2 1 + 
 4
1  19   x  1  x 19  x 19 41
=  2 − 6 x  1 − 8  = 2  2 − 4 − 6 x  = 1 – 8 – 12 x = 1 – 24 x Ans.
2     

Illustration 27: The value of cube root of 1001 up to five decimal places is –
(A) 10.03333 (B) 10.00333 (C) 10.00033 (D) none of these
1/3
 1   1 1 1/ 3(1/ 3 − 1) 1 
Solution: (1001)1/3 = (1000 + 1)1/3 =10 1 +  = 10 1 + . + + .....
 1000   3 1000 
2
2! 1000
= 10{1 + 0.0003333 – 0.00000011 + .....} = 10.00333 Ans. (B)

1 1.3 1.3.5
Illustration 28: The sum of 1 + + + + ...... is –
4 4.8 4.8.12
1
(A) 2 (B) (C) 3 (D) 23/2
2
n(n − 1) 2 2
Solution: Comparing with 1 + nx + x x +........
2!
nx = 1/4 .......(i)
n(n − 1) x 2
1.3 nx(nx − x) 3
and = or =
2! 4.8 2! 32
1 1  
  − x = (by (i))
4 4  16
1  3
  − x =
4  4
1 3 1
x= – =– .......(ii)
4 4 2
PHYSICS WALLAH 13
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
putting the value of x in (i)
n (–1/2) = 1/4  n = –1/2
sum of series = (1 + x)n = (1 – 1/2)–1/2 = (1/2)–1/2 = 2 Ans. (A)

9. EXPONENTIAL SERIES:
(a) e is an irrational number lying between 2.7 and 2.8. Its value correct upto 10 places of decimal is
2.7182818284.
(b) Logarithms to the base 'e' are known as the Napier an system, so named after Napier, their inventor.
They are also called Natural Logarithm.
n
x x2 x3  1
(c) ex = 1 + + + +...... ; where x may be any real or complex number and e = lim 1 +  .
1! 2! 3! x →  n
x x2 2 x3 3
(d) ax = 1 + na + na + n a + ....., where a > 0
1! 2! 3!
1 1 1
(e) e = 1 + + + + .. .....
1! 2! 3!

10. LOGARITHMIC SERIES:

x 2 x3 x 4
(a) n (1 + x) = x – + − ....., where –1 < x  1
2 3 4
x 2 x3 x 4
(b) n(1 – x) = –x– − − +......., where –1  x < 1
2 3 4
Remember:
1 1 1
(i) 1– + − +...... = n 2 (ii) elnx= x ; for all x > 0
2 3 4
(iii) n2 = 0.693 (iv) n10 = 2.303

ANSWERS FOR DO YOURSELF

2 3 4 5
 x  x  x  x  x
1. (i) C0x(3x2) 5 + 5C1(3x2)4  −  + 5C2 (3x2)3  −  + 5C3(3x2)2  −  + 5C4(3x2)1  −  + 5C5  − 
5

 2  2  2  2  2
n
(ii) C0yn + nC1yn–1.x + nC2.yn–2.x2 + ........ + nCn.xn

70 8 25! 15 10
2. (i) x; (ii) 2 3 ; (iii) (a) –20; (b) –560x5, 280x2
3 10!5!

3. (i) 4th & 5th i.e. 489888 (ii) n = 4, 5, 6

4. (i) C

5. (i) –272160 or – 10C5× 5C2 × 108

6. (ii) 1 (iii) 801 (v) 1

PHYSICS WALLAH 14
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

EXERCISE # 1
[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
n
 x
1. If the coefficients of x7& x8 in the expansion of  2 +  are equal, then the value of n is:
 3
(A) 15 (B) 45 (C) 55 (D) 56

n
 1
2. If the constant term of the binomial expansion  2x −  is – 160, then n is equal to -
 x
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10

 1  1   1 
3. The coefficient of x49 in the expansion of (x – 1)  x −   x − 2  .....  x − 49  is equal to -
 2  2   2 
 1 
(A) –2 1 − 50  (B) +ve coefficient of x
 2 
 1 
(C) –ve coefficient of x (D) –2 1 − 49 
 2 

4. Set of value of r for which, 18Cr–2 + 2. 18Cr–1 + 18Cr  20C13 contains:

(A) 4 element (B) 5 elements (C) 7 elements (D) 10 elements

5. Number of rational terms in the expansion of ( 2 + 4 3 )100 is:

(A) 25 (B) 26 (C) 27 (D) 28

4 
54−k   xk  8
6. The largest real value for x such that      = is –
k =0  (4 − k)!   k!  3
(A) 2 2 – 5 (B) 2 2 + 5 (C) –2 2 – 5 (D) –2 2 + 5

7. The expression [x + (x3 – 1)1/2]5 + [x – (x3 – 1)1/2]5 is a polynomial of degree

(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8

8. Given (1 – 2x + 5x2 – 10x3) (1 + x)n = 1 + a1x + a2x2+........ and that a 12 = 2a2then the value of n is-

(A) 6 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 3

9. The sum of the coefficients of all the even powers of x in the expansion of (2x2 – 3x + 1)11 is -
(A) 2.610 (B) 3.610 (C) 611 (D) none

10. Co-efficient of t in the expansion of ,

( + p)m–1 + ( + p)m–2( + q) + ( + p)m–3 ( + q)2 + .......( + q)m–1 where  –q and p  q is:
m
Ct (pt − q t ) m
Ct (pm−t − qm−t ) m
Ct (pt + q t ) m
Ct (pm−t + qm−t )
(A) (B) (C) (D)
p−q p−q p−q p−q

PHYSICS WALLAH 15
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
1 1 1 1
11. If n  N & n is even, then + + +.........+ =
1!.(n − 1)! 3!.(n − 3)! 5!.(n − 5)! (n − 1)!1!
2n −1
(A) 2n (B) (C) 2nn! (D) none of these
n!

12.
k()
Let n represents the combination of 'n' things taken 'k' at a time, then the value of the sum

(9997) + (9896) + (9795) +....+ (13) + (02) equals -

(A) ( 99 ) (B) (100 ) (9998) (100
97 )
(C) (D)
97 98

[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Paragraph for question nos. 13 to 15
2n
If n  N and if (1 + 4x + 4x2)n =  a r xr , where a0,a1,a2,.......,a2n are real numbers.
r =0

n
13. The value of 2 a 2r , is
r =0

(A) 9n – 1 (B) 9n + 1 (C) 9n – 2 (D) 9n + 2

n
14. The value of 2 a 2r −1 , is -
r =1

(A) 9 – 1
n
(B) 9n + 1 (C) 9n – 2 (D) 9n + 2

15. The value of a2n–1 is -

(A) 22n (B) n. 22n (C) (n – 1)22n (D) (n + 1)22n

PHYSICS WALLAH 16
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

EXERCISE # 2

1. (a) If the coefficients of (2r + 4)th, (r – 2)th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)18 are equal, find r.

(b) If the coefficients of the rth, (r + 1)th& (r + 2)th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)14 are in AP, find r.
(c) If the coefficients of 2nd , 3rd& 4th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)2n are in AP, show that
2n2 – 9n + 7 = 0.
10
 x 3 1 
8
2. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of (i)  + 2  (ii)  x1/3 + x −1/5 
 3 2x  2 

10
 2
3. Prove that the ratio of the coefficient of x in (1 – x ) & the term independent of x in  x −  is 1 : 32.
10 2 10

 x

n  1 3r 7r 15r 
4. Find the sum of the series  (−1)r . nCr  r + 2r + 3r + 4r + .....up to m terms 
r =0 2 2 2 2 

5. Find numerically greatest term in the expansion of :

3 1
(i) (2 + 3x)9 when x = (ii) (3 – 5x)15 when x =
2 5

9
 3x 2 1 
6. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of (1 + x + 2x )  3
−  .
 2 3x 

n+4
7. Let (1 + x2)2 . (1 + x)n =  a K .x K . If a1 , a2 & a3 are in AP, find n.
K =0

8. Let f(x) = 1 – x + x2 – x3 + ...... + x16 – x17 = a0 + a1(1 + x) + a2(1 + x)2 + ..... + a17(1 + x)17, find the value
of a2.

9. Let N = 2000C1 + 2 · 2000C2 + 3 · 2000C3 + ...... + 2000 · 2000C2000. Prove that N is divisible by 22003.

10. Find the coefficient of

(a) x2 y3 z4 in the expansion of (ax - by + cz)9.
(b) a2 b3 c4 d in the expansion of (a – b – c + d)10.

11. Find the coefficient of

(a) x4 in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 + x3)11
(b) x4 in the expansion of (2 – x + 3x2)6

12. Find the coefficient of xr in the expression :

(x + 3)n-1 + (x + 3)n-2 (x + 2) + (x + 3)n-3 (x + 2)2 + ..... + (x + 2)n-1

PHYSICS WALLAH 17
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
13. (a) Show that the integral part in each of the following is odd. n N
(A) (5 + 2 6 )n (B) (8 + 3 7 )n
(b) Show that the integral part in each of the following is even. n N
(A)(3 3 + 5)2n+1 (B) (5 5 + 11)2n+1

14. Given that (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... + a2nx2n , find the values of :
(i) a0 + a1 + a2 + ..... + a2n ; (ii) a0– a1 + a2– a3 ..... + a2n ;
(iii) a02 – a12 + a22 – a32 + ......+ a2n2

15. Prove the following identities using the theory of permutation where C0 , C1 , C2 , ..... , Cn are the
combinatorial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, n  N :
(2n)!
(a) C02 + C12 + C22 +.....+ Cn2=
n!n!
(2n)!
(b) C0 C1 + C1 C2 + C2 C3 +....+Cn-1Cn =
(n + 1)!(n − 1)!
2n!
(c) C0Cr + C1Cr+1 + C2Cr+2+ .... + Cn-rCn =
(n − r)!(n + r)!
n −2
(2n)!
(d)  (n Cr .n Cr +2 ) = (n − 2)!(n + 2)!
r =0

100
(e) C10+ 5. 100C11+ 10 .100C12+ 10 .100C13+ 5.100C14+ 100C15= 105C90

16. If C0 , C1 , C2 , ..... , Cn are the combinatorial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x) n, n  N, then prove
the following :
(a) C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 +.....+ n . Cn = n . 2n–1
(b) C0 + 2C1 + 3C2 +.....+ (n+1)Cn = (n+2)2n–1
(c) C0 + 3C1 + 5C2 +.....+ (2n+1)Cn = (n+1) 2n
C0 .C1.C2 ......Cn −1 (n+ 1)n
(d) (C0+C1)(C1+C2)(C2+C3) ..... (Cn-1+Cn) =
n!
(n + 1)(2n)!
(e) 1 . Co² + 3 . C1² + 5 . C2² + ..... + (2n+1) Cn² =
n!n!

17. Prove that

C1 2C2 3C3 n.Cn n(n + 1)
(a) + + +......+ =
C0 C1 C2 Cn −1 2
C1 C2 C 2n +1 − 1
(b) C0 + + + ..... + n =
2 3 n +1 n +1
22.C1 23.C2 24.C3 2n +1.Cn 3n +1 − 1
(c) 2 . Co + + + + ....... =
2 3 4 n +1 n +1
C C C 1
(d) Co– 1 + 2 –......+(–1)n n =
2 3 n +1 n +1

PHYSICS WALLAH 18
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

EXERCISE # 3 (JM)

1. For natural numbers m, n if (1 – y)m (1 + y)n = 1 + a1y + a2y2 +......, and a1 = a2 = 10, then (m, n) is-
[AIEEE 2006]
(1) (45, 35) (2) (35, 45) (3) (20, 45) (4) (35, 20)

2. The sum of the series 20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3+ .... – ..... + 20C10 is- [AIEEE 2007]
1 20
(1) C (2) 0 (3) – 20C10 (4) 20
C10
2 10

a
3. In the binomial expansion of (a – b)n, n  5, the sum of 5th and 6th terms is zero, then equals
b
[AIEEE 2007, IIT-2001]
6 n −5 n−4 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
n −5 6 5 n−4

n
4. Statement–1:  (r + 1) nCr = (n + 2)2n–1
r =0
n
Statement–2 :  (r + 1) nCrxr = (1 + x)n + nx (1+x)n–1 [AIEEE 2008]
r =0

(1) Statement –1 is false, Statement –2 is true.

(2) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for Statement–1
(3) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true; Statement–2 is not a correct explanation for Statement–1
(4) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is false

5. The remainder left out when 82n – (62)2n+1 is divided by 9 is :- [AIEEE 2009]
(1) 7 (2) 8 (3) 0 (4) 2

10 10 10
6. Let S1 =  j( j − 1) 10Cj, S2 =  j 10Cj and S3 =  j2 10Cj. [AIEEE 2010]
j=1 j=1 j=1

Statement–1 : S3 = 55 × 29.
Statement–2 : S1 = 90 × 28 and S2 = 10 × 28.
(1) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true ; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for Statement–1.
(2) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true ; Statement–2 is not a correct explanation for Statement–1.
(3) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is false.
(4) Statement–1 is false, Statement–2 is true.

7. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of (1 – x – x2 + x3)6is :- [AIEEE 2011]

(1) – 144 (2) 132 (3) 144 (4) – 132

8. If n is a positive integer, then ( 3 + 1)2n – ( 3 –1)2nis : [AIEEE 2012]

(1) a rational number other than positive integers
(2) an irrational number
(3) an odd positive integer
(4) an even positive integer
PHYSICS WALLAH 19
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
10
 x +1 x −1 
9. The term independent of x in expansion of  2/3 − 1/2 
is : [JEE-Main 2013]
 x − x +1 x − x 
1/3

(1) 4 (2) 120 (3) 210 (4) 310

10. If the coefficients of x3 and x4 in the expansion of (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 2x)18 in powers of x are both zero,
then (a, b) is equal to :- [JEE(Main)-2014]
 251   251   272   272 
(1) 16,
3 
(2) 14,
3 
(3) 14,
3 
(4) 16,
    3 

( )
50
11. The sum of coefficients of integral powers of x in the binomial expansion of 1 − 2 x is :
[JEE(Main)-2015]
1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50
(1) (3 – 1) (2) (2 + 1) (3) (3 + 1) (4) (3 )
2 2 2 2

n
 2 4 
12. If the number of terms in the expansion of 1 − + 2  , x  0, is 28, then the sum of the coefficients of
 x x 
all terms in this expansion is:- [JEE(Main)-2016]
(1) 729 (2) 64 (3) 2187 (4) 243

13. The value of (21C1 – 10C1) + (21C2 – 10C2) + (21C3 – 10C3) + (21C4 – 10C4) + ......... + (21C10 – 10C10) is:
[JEE(Main)-2017]
(1) 2 – 2
20 10
(2) 2 – 2
21 11
(3) 2 – 2
21 10
(4) 2 – 29
20

14. The sum of the co-efficient of all odd degree terms in the expansion of

(x + ) ( )
5 5
x 3 – 1 + x – x 3 – 1 , (x > 1) is : [JEE(Main)-2018]

(1) 2 (2) –1 (3) 0 (4) 1

2403 k
15. If the fractional part of the number is , then k is equal to: [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
15 15
(1) 14 (2) 6 (3) 4 (4) 8

3
 1 − t6 
16. The coefficient of t in the expansion of 
4
 is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
 1− t 
(1) 12 (2) 10 (3) 15 (4) 14

17. If the third term in the binomial expansion of (1 + x log2 x )5 equals 2560, then a possible value of x is:
[JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
1 1
(1) 2 2 (2) 4 2 (3) (4)
8 4
3
20 20
Ci −1  k
18. If   20  = , then k equals: [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
i =1  Ci + Ci −1  21
20

(1) 200 (2) 100 (3) 50 (4) 400

PHYSICS WALLAH 20
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
10
  
19. The positive value of  for which the co-efficient of x2 in the expression x 2  x + 2  is 720, is:
 x 
(1) 3 (2) 2 2 (3) 5 (4) 4
[JEE(Main) Online - 2019]

25
20. If {50 Cr .50 − r C25− r } = K(50C25), then K is equal to: [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
r =0

(1) 225 (2) 225 – 1 (3) 224 (4) (25)2

21. The value of r for which 20Cr20C0 + 20Cr–120C1 + 20Cr–220C2+….+20C020Cr is maximum, is :

(1) 15 (2) 10 (3) 20 (4) 11
[JEE(Main) Online - 2019]

8
 x3 3 
22. The sum of the real values of x for which the middle term in binomial expansion of  +  equals
 3 x
5670 is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
(1) 8 (2) 0 (3) 4 (4) 6

a2
23. Let (x + 10)50 + (x – 10)50 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ...+ a50x50, for all x  R; then is equal to:
a0
(1) 12.00 (2) 12.75 (3) 12.25 (4) 12.50
[JEE(Main) Online - 2019]

2 n
 q +1   q +1  q +1
24. Let Sn = 1 + q + q2 +...+ qn and Tn = 1 +   +  + ... +   where q is a real number and
 2   2   2 
q  1. If 101C1 + 101C2. S1 +...+ 101C101.S100 = T100, then  is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
99
(1) 200 (2) 2 (3) 202 (4) 2100

25. A ratio of the 5th term from the beginning to the 5th term the end in the binomial expansion of
10
 1 
 21/3 +  is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]

 2 ( 3 )1/3


1 1 1 1
(1) 2 (36) 3 :1 (2) 1: 4 (16) 3 (3) 1: 2 (16) 3 (4) 4 (36) 3 :1

26. If nC4, nC5 and nC6 are in A.P., the n can be: [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
(1) 11 (2) 12 (3) 9 (4) 14

27. The sum of the co-efficient of all even degree terms in x in the expansion of
(x+ x3 –1)6 + (x– x3 –1)6 ,(x  1) is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
(1) 26 (2) 24 (3) 29 (4) 32
PHYSICS WALLAH 21
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
6
 1
1

28. If the fourth term in the binomial expansion of  1+log x + x12  is equal to 200, and x > 1, then the
 x 10 
 
value of x is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
4
(1) 100 (2) 10 (3) 10 (4) 103
6
 1 1 
*Note : The correct question is  x 1+ log10 x
+ x 12  & the solution is x = 10.
 
 
1g(x) + g(1 − x) 
29. If the fourth term in the Binomial expansion of 0   (x > 0) is 20 × 87, then a value of x is:
 1 + 2g(x) 
[JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
2 –2
(1) 8 (2) 8 (3) 8 (4) 83

30. If some three consecutive coefficients in the binomial expansion of (x + 1) n in powers of x are in the ratio
2 : 15 :70, then the average of these three coefficients is :
(1) 232 (2) 625 (3) 964 (4) 227
[JEE(Main) Online - 2019]

31. If the coefficients of x2 and x3 are both zero, in the expansion of the expression
(1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 3x)15 in powers of x, then the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to:
(1) (28, 315) (2) (–21, 714) (3) (–54, 315) (4) (28, 861)
[JEE(Main) Online - 2019]

32. The smallest natural number n, such that the coefficient of x in the expansion
n
 1 
of  x 2 + 3  is nC23, is : [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
 x 
(1) 38 (2) 35 (3) 58 (4) 23

33. The coefficient of x18 in the product (1 + x) (1 – x)10 (1 + x + x2)9 is [JEE(Main) Online - 2019]
(1) –84 (2) 126 (3) –126 (4) 84

34. If 20C1 + (22) 20C2 + (32) 20C3 + …. + (202) 20C20 = A(2), then the ordered pair (A, ) is equal to:
(1) (380, 18) (2) (380, 19) (3) (420, 18) (4) (420, 19)
[JEE(Main) Online - 2019]

 1 x8   3 
6
35. The term independent of x in the expansion of  –    2x 2 − 2  is equal to :
 60 81   x 
(1) –108 (2) – 72 (3) – 36 (4) 36
[JEE(Main) Online - 2019]

36. If n  2 is a positive integer, then the sum of the series n +1

(
C2 + 2 2 C2 +3 C2 +4 C2 +. +n C2 is: )
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
n(n − 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(2n + 1)(3n + 1) n(n + 1)2 (n + 2)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 6 6 12
PHYSICS WALLAH 22
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
37. The value of −15 C1 + 2 15 C2 − 3 15 C3 +. − 15 15 C15 +14 C1 +14 C3 +14 C5 +. +14 C11 is
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
(1) 214 (2) 216 − 1 (3) 213 −13 (4) 213 − 14
10
 1 1

 5 (1 − x)10 
38. The maximum value of the term independent of 't' in the expansion of  tx +  where x  (0,1)
 t 
 
is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
10! 2.10! 2.10! 10!
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3(5!)2 3 3(5!)2 3(5!)2 3(5!)2

( 6 Cr 6 C6−r ) is equal to :
6
39. The value of [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
r =0

(1) 1124 (2) 1324 (3) 1024 (4) 924

40. For the natural numbers m, n if (1 − y)m (1 + y)n = 1 + a1y + a 2 y2 +. + a m+n ym+n and a1 = a2 = 10 , then
the value of (m + n) is equal to: [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
(1) 88 (2) 64 (3) 100 (4) 80

( )
7
41. If the fourth term in the expansion of x + x log2 x is 4480, then the value of x where x  N is equal to:

[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 1

42. If n is the number of irrational terms in the expansion of (31/4 + 51/8)60, then (n – 1) is divisible by :
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
(1) 26 (2) 30 (3) 8 (4) 7

( ) = a x
n 3n
43. Let [x] denote greatest integer less than or equal to x . If for n  , 1 − x + x 3 j
j

j=0

 3n   3n − 1 2

 2   2  then  a 2 j + 4 a 2 j + 1 is equal to : [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

j=0 j=0

(1) 2 (2) 2n–1 (3) 1 (4) n

( )
20
44. Let 1 + x + 2x 2 = a 0 + a1x + a 2 x 2 ++ a 40 x 40 . then a1 + a3 + a5 ++ a37 is equal to
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
(1) 220 220 − 21( ) (2) (
219 220 − 21 ) (
(3) 219 220 + 21 ) (
(4) 220 220 + 21 )

( )
100
45. The coefficient of x 256 in the expansion of (1 − x)101 x 2 + x + 1 is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

(1) 100
C16 (2) 100
C15 (3) −100 C16 (4) −100 C15

PHYSICS WALLAH 23
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

cos  
10
 10!
46. If the greatest value of the term independent of 'x' in the expansion of  xsin  + a  is , then
 x  (5!)2
the value of 'a' is equal to: [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
(1) −1 (2) 1 (3) −2 (4) 2

10100
 1 
47. The lowest integer which is greater than 1 + 100  is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
 10 
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 2 (4) 1

10

25x −1 + 7
 1
( ) 
x −1
 −  log3 5 +1
48. A possible value of 'x', for which the ninth term in the expansion of 3log3 +3 8
 in
 
 1 (
log3 5x −1 +1)
− 
the increasing powers of 3  8 is equal to 180, is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
(1) 0 (2) −1 (3) 2 (4) 1

11 11
 1   1 
49. If the coefficients of x 7 in  x 2 +  and x −7 in  x − 2  ,b  0 , are equal, then the value of b is
 bx   bx 
equal to: [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
(1) 2 (2) −1 (3) 1 (4) −2

20
50. If 20Cr is the co-efficient of xr in the expansion of (1 + x)20, then the value of  r 2 20Cr is equal to :
r =0

[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

(1) 420  219 (2) 380  219 (3) 380  218 (4) 420  218

51. The sum of all those terms which are rational numbers in the expansion of (21/3 + 31/4)12 is:
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
(1) 89 (2) 27 (3) 35 (4) 43

b
52. If b is very small as compared to the value of a , so that the cube and other higher powers of can be
a
1 1 1 1
neglected in the identity + + +. + = n + n 2 + n3 , then the value of  is:
a − b a − 2b a − 3b a − nb
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
a +b 2
a+b b 2
a + b2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3a 3 3a 2 3a 3 3a 3

 ( 20 Ck )
20 2
53. is equal to : [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
k =0
40 40 40 41
(1) C21 (2) C19 (3) C20 (4) C20

PHYSICS WALLAH 24
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

54. The coefficient of x101 in the expression (5 + x)500 + x(5 + x)499 + x 2 (5 + x) 498 +..x 500 , x  0 , is
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
501
(1) C101 (5)399 (2) 501
C101 (5)400 (3) 501
C100 (5)400 (4) 500
C101 (5)399

15
 1 1

 2 5 (1 − x)10

55. If the maximum value of the term independent of t in the expansion of  t x +  , x  0 , is K ,
 t 
 
then 8 K is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

56. The total number of two digit numbers ' n ', such that 3n + 7n is a multiple of 10, is
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

57. If the remainder when x is divided by 4 is 3, then the remainder when (2020 + x)2022 is divided by 8 is:
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

 30   30   30   30 
58. Let m,n  N and gcd(2,n) = 1 . If 30   + 29   ++ 2   + 1  = n  2m then n + m is equal
0  1   28   29 
n
to (Here   =n Ck ) [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
k

n
 a 
59. Let the coefficients of third, fourth and fifth terms in the expansion of  x + 2  , x  0 , be in the ratio
 x 
12: 8: 3. Then the term independent of x in the expansion, is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

10
 1
60. If the constant term, in binomial expansion of  2x r + 2  is 180, then r is equal to
 x 
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

x +1 x −1 
10

61. The term independent of x in the expansion of  2/3 1/3 − , x  1 , is equal to:
 x − x + 1 x − x 
1/2

[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

62. Let n C r denote the binomial coefficient of x r in the expansion of (1 + x)n .

 ( 22 + 3k ) Ck =   310 + .210 , ,  R , then  + 

10 n
If is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
k =0

63. If (2021)3762 is divided by 17, then the remainder is _______ . [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

120
 1 1

64. The number of rational terms in the binomial expansion of  4 4 + 56  is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
 
 
PHYSICS WALLAH 25
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
65. Let n  N and [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x . If the sum of (n + 1) terms
 n − 1
n
C0 ,3 n C1 ,5 n C2 ,7 n C3 ,. . is equal to 2100 101 , then 2  is equal to
 2 
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]
n
 x
66. If the co-efficient of x and x in the expansion of  2 +  are equal, then the value of n is equal
7 8

 3
to_______. [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

9  9  12  8  8  13 
67. If Ak =     +     and A4 – A3 = 190p, then p is equal to:
i =0  i 12 − k + i  i =0  i 13 − k + i 

[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

68. The ratio of the coefficient of the middle term in the expansion of (1 + x)20 and the sum of the
coefficients of two middle terms in expansion of (1 + x)19 is ________. [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

q +s
69. If 1 P1 + 2 2 P2 + 3 3 P3 ++ 15 15 P15 =9 Pr − s,0  s  1, then Cr −s is equal to
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

x +1 x −1 
10

70. The term independent of ' x ' in the expansion of  2/3 − 1/2 
, where x  0,1 is equal to:
 x − x +1 x − x 
1/3

[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

71. If the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (x + y)n is 4096 , then the greatest coefficient in the
expansion is______. [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

72. If the coefficient of a7 b8 in the expansion of (a + 2 b + 4ab)10 is K.216 , then K is equal to:
[JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

73. 3×722 + 2 × 1022 –44 when divided by 18 leaves the remainder________. [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

 36   x 12 
12
74. If  4  k is the term, independent of x , in the binomial expansion of  − 2  , then k is equal
4  4 x 
to________. [JEE(Main) Online - 2021]

75. The remainder when 32022 is divided by 5 is [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

76. The remainder when (2021)2023 is divided by 7 is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 5 (4) 6

11
5 1 
77. (
The term independent of x in the expression of 1 − x 2 + 3x3  x3 − ) 2
 ,x  0 is:
5x 2 
[JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
7 33 39 11
(1) (2) (3) (4)
40 200 200 50
PHYSICS WALLAH 26
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
(60!)
 ( 31 Ck )( 31 Ck −1 ) −  ( 30 Ck )( 30 Ck −1 ) = (30!)(31!) Where
31 30
78. If   R , then the value of 16 is equal to
k =1 k =1

[JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

(1) 1411 (2) 1320 (3) 1615 (4) 1855

79. Let n  5 be an integer. If 9n − 8n −1 = 64 and 6n − 5n − 1 = 25 , then  −  is equal to:

[JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
(1) 1+ C2(8 – 5)+ C3(8 – 5 )+…+ Cn(8
n n 2 2 n n–1
–5 )n–1

(2) 1+nC3(8 – 5)+nC4(82 – 52)+…+nCn(8n–2 – 5n–2)

(3) 1+nC3(8 – 5)+nC4(82 – 52)+…+nCn(8n–2 – 5n–2)
(4) n
C4(8 – 5)+nC5(82 – 52)+…+nCn(8n–3 – 5n–3)

10
 5
80. If the constant term in the expansion of  3x3 − 2x 2 + 5  is 2k.l , where l is an odd integer, then the
 x 
value of k is equal to : [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
(1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 9

81. The remainder when (11)1011 + (1011)11 is divided by 9 is [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
(1) 1 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8

n
82.  n Ci n C j is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
i, j=0
i j

1 2n
(1) 22n −2n Cn (2) 22n −1 −2n −1 Cn −1 (3) 22n − Cn (4) 2n −1 + 2n −1 Cn
2

83. The remainder when (2021)2022 + (2022)2021 is divided by 7 is [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 6

2
84. Consider the sequence a1,a2 ,a3 , such that a1 = 1,a2 = 2 and a n + 2 = + a n for n = 1,2,3,
a n +1

 1   1   1   1 
 a1 + a   a2 + a   a3 + a   a 30 + a 
If 
 a3
2 
  a4
3 
  a5
4  
  a 32
31  = 2a

( 61
)
C31 , then  is equal to:
       
       
[JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
(1) –30 (2) –31 (3) –60 (4) –61

85. The remainder when 72022 + 32022 is divided by 5 is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

PHYSICS WALLAH 27
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
4
 1   
6

+ x  ,(1 − 3x) and 1 − x  ,   0 ,
2
86. Let the coefficients of the middle terms in the expansion of 
 6   2 
respectively form the first three terms of an A.P. If d is the common difference of this A.P., then
2d
50 − 2 is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]


87. If the coefficients of x and x 2 in the expansion of (1 + x)p (1 − x)q ,p,q  15 , are −3 and −5
respectively, then the coefficient of x 3 is equal to________. [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

88. The remainder on dividing 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 ++ 32021 by 50 is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

89. If the sum of the coefficients of all the positive even powers of x in the binomial expansion of
10
 3 3
 2x + x  is 5 −   3 , then  is equal to:
10 9
[JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
 

90. Let Cr denote the binomial coefficient of x r in the expansion of (1 + x)10 . If ,  R .

  211  C1 C2
C1 + 3 2C2 + 5  3C3 + upto 10 terms =   C0 + 2 + 3 +. . upto 10 terms) then the value of
2 −1 
 +  is equal to: [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

7
 2
91. If the sum of the coefficients of all the positive powers of x, in the binomial expansion of  x n + 5  is
 x 
939, then the sum of all the possible integral values of n is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

60
 
92. If the coefficient of x10 in the binomial expansion of  x 5
+ 1 is 5k l , where l , k  N and l is
 1 
5 4 x3 
coprime to 5 , then k is equal to: [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

93. If ( 40
) (
C0 + 41
) (
C1 + 42
)
C2 ++ ( 60
)
C20 =
m 60
n
C20 , m and n are coprime, then m + n is equal to:

[JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

94. The number of positive integers k such that the constant term in the binomial expansion of
12
 3 3 
 2x + k  , x  0 is 2  , where
8
is an odd integer, is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
 x 

15
 1 
in the expansion of  2x 5 − 1  , x  0 , be m and n respectively.
1
95. Let the coefficients of x −1 and x −3
 
 x5 
If r is a positive integer such mn 2 =15 Cr .2r , then the value of r is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
PHYSICS WALLAH 28
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
96. Let for the 9 th term in the binomial expansion of (3 + 6x)n , in the increasing powers of 6 x, to be the
3
greatest for x = , the least value of n is n 0 . If k is the ratio of the coefficient of x 6 to the coefficient
2
of x 3 , then k + n0 is equal to: [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

 K2 (10CK )
10 2
97. If = 22000 L , then L is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]
k =1

98. The number of matrices of order 3  3, whose entries are either 0 or 1 and the sum of all the entries is a
prime number, is______. [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

99. (
If 1 + 2 +49 C1 +49 C2 +.. +49 C49 )( 50
C2 +50 C4 + +50 C50 ) is equal to 2n  m , where m is odd, then
n + m is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2022]

22
100. The value of  22Cr 23
Cr is [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
r =0
44 45 45 44
(1) C23 (2) C24 (3) C23 (4) C22

60!
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
101. If 30
C1 +2 30
C2 +3 30
C3 + + 30 30
C30 = then  is equal to:
(30!)2
[JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
(1) 10 (2) 15 (3) 60 (4) 30

2
a  3
10
102. If a r is the coefficient of x 10−r
in the Binomial expansion of (1 + x) , then  r  r  is equal to
10

r =1  a r −1 
[JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
(1) 4895 (2) 5445 (3) 1210 (4) 3025

6
103.  51− k
C3 is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
k =0

(1) 52
C3 − 45C3 (2) 51
C4 − 45C4 (3) 51
C3 − 45C3 (4) 52
C4 − 45C4

104. Let K be the sum of the coefficients of the odd powers of x in the expansion of (1 + x)99 . Let a be the
200
 1  200
C99 K 2l m
middle term in the expansion of  2 +  . If = , where m and n are odd numbers,
 2 a n
then the ordered pair (l,n) is equal to [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
(1) (50,51) (2) (50,101) (3) (51,101) (4) (51,99)

105. The coefficient of x 301 in (1 + x)500 + x(1 + x)499 + x 2 (1 + x)498 +.. + x500 is :
[JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
501 500 500 501
(1) C200 (2) C300 (3) C301 (4) C302
PHYSICS WALLAH 29
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
15
 1 
106. If the coefficient of x15 in the expansion of  ax3 + 1/3  is equal to the coefficient of x −15 in the
 bx 
15
 1 
expansion of  ax1/3 − 3  , where a and b are positive real numbers, then for each such ordered pair
 bx 
(a,b) : [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
(1) ab = 3 (2) ab = 1 (3) a = b (4) a = 3b

107. Let x = (8 3 + 13)13 and y = (7 2 + 9)9 . If [t] denotes the greatest integer  t , then
[JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
(1) [x] and [y] are both odd (2) [x] is even but [y] is odd
(3) [x] + [y] is even (4) [x] is odd but [y] is even

1 1 1 1 1
108. The value of + + +. + + is : [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
1!50! 3!48! 5!46! 49!2! 51!1!
251 251 250 250
(1) (2) (3) (4)
50! 51! 50! 51!

2023
109. Suppose  r2 2023
Cr = 2023   22022 . Then the value of  is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
r =0
n
 3
110. Let the sum of the coefficients of the first three terms in the expansion of  x − 2  , x  0.n  , be 376.
 x 
Then the coefficient of x 4 is [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

5
 1 
111. The constant term in the expansion of  2x + 7 + 3x 2  is [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
 x 

112. The remainder when (2023)2023 is divided by 35 is [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

11 11
 1  −9  1 
113. If the co-efficient of x in  x 3 +
9
 and the co-efficient of x in  x − 3  are equal, then
 x   x 
()2 is equal to _________ [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

114. Let the coefficients of three consecutive terms in the binomial expansion of (1 + 2x)n be in the ratio
2: 5: 8. Then the coefficient of the term, which is in the middle of these three terms, is
[JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

115. 50th root of a number x is 12 and 50th root of another number y is 18 . Then the remainder obtained
on dividing (x + y) by 25 is: [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

30
 2 2
116. Let   0 , be the smallest number such that the expansion of  x 3 + 3  has a term x − ,  . Then
 x 

 is equal to _______ [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
PHYSICS WALLAH 30
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
117. The remainder on dividing 599 by 11 is _______ [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

9
 5 
 x2 4 
118. If the constant term in the binomial expansion of  − l  is −84 and the coefficient of x −3l is 2  ,
 2 x 
 
where   0 is an odd number, then | l − ∣ is equal to _________. [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

9
 4x 5 
119. The coefficient of x −6 , in the expansion of  + 2  , is ________ [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]
 5 2x 

120. The remainder, when 19200 + 23200 is divided by 49, is _____. [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

m
 log2 (10−3x ) 5 (x −2)log 3 
121. Let the sixth term in the binomial expansion of  2 + 2 2
 , in the increasing powers
 
 
of 2(x −2)log2 3 , be 21. If the binomial coefficients of the second, third and fourth terms in the expansion are
respectively the first, third and fifth terms of an A.P., then the sum of the squares of all possible values of
x is __________. [JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

22
 2 
122. If the term without x in the expansion of  x 3 + 3  is 7315, then |  | is equal to ______
 x 

[JEE(Main) Online - 2023]

123. Let m and n be the coefficients of seventh and thirteenth terms respectively in the expansion of
18
 1  1
 1 x3 + 1  . Then  n  3

3   m  is : [JEE(Main) Online - 2024]

 
2
 2x 3 
1 4 1 9
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 9 9 4

124. If A denotes the sum of all the coefficients in the expansion of (1-3x+10x2)n and B denotes the sum of all
the coefficients in the expansion of (1+x2)n, then : [JEE(Main) Online - 2024]
(1) A = B3 (2) 3A = B (3) B = A3 (4) A = 3B

125. n −1
( )
Cr = k2 − 8 n Cr +1 if and only if : [JEE(Main) Online - 2024]

(1) 2 3  k  3 2 (2) 2 3 k 3 3 (3) 2 2  k  2 3 (4) 2 2  k  3

126. Let  =
( 4!)! and  =
(5!)! . Then: [JEE(Main) Online - 2024]
3!
(4!) (5!)4!
(1) α ∉ N and β ∈ N (2) α ∉ N and β ∉ N (3) α ∈ N and β ∉ N (4) α ∈ N and β ∈ N

127. Suppose 2– p, p, 2 – α, α are the coefficients of four consecutive terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n. Then the
value of p2 – α2 + 6α + 2p equals [JEE(Main) Online - 2024]
(1) 8 (2) 6 (3) 10 (4) 4
PHYSICS WALLAH 31
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
6
 1
128. If the Coefficient of x30 in the expansion of 1 +  (1 + x 2 ) (1 − x3 ) ;x  0 is , then || equals
7 8

 x
________. [JEE(Main) Online - 2024]

129. The coefficient of x2012 in the expansion of (1–x)2008 (1 + x + x2)2007 is equal to _______.
[JEE(Main) Online - 2024]
11 11
C1 11 C2 C9 n
130. If + ++ = with gcd (n,m) = 1, then n+m is equal to _______.
2 3 10 m
[JEE(Main) Online - 2024]

32
131. Remainder when 6432 is divided by 9 is equal to________. [JEE(Main) Online - 2024]

824

 1 
1 
 
132. Number of integral terms in the expansion of   + 11 6   is equal to ________.
 
 2 

[JEE(Main) Online - 2024]

133. Let  =  
n ( k )
 nC 2 
 and  =   Ck Ck +1  If 5 = 6, then n equals [JEE(Main) Online - 2024]
n −1 n n

 
k =0  k + 1  k =0  k+2 
 
5
 3 3 1
134. In the expansion of (1 + x)(1 – x ) 1 + + 2 + 3  ,x  0 , the sum of the coefficients of x 3 and x −13
2

 x x x 
is equal to_____. [JEE(Main) Online - 2024]

PHYSICS WALLAH 32
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

EXERCISE # 4 (JA)

1. If in the expansion of (1 + x)m (1 – x)n, the co-efficients of x and x2 are 3 and –6 respectively, then m is :
[JEE '99, 2 (Out of 200)]
(A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 24

n  n   n 
2. For 2  r  n,   + 2  + = [JEE '99, 2 (Out of 200)]
 r   r − 1  r − 2 
 n + 1  n + 1  n + 2  n + 2
(A)   (B) 2   (C) 2   (D)  
 r −1   r +1   r   r 

n
3. For any positive integers m, n (with n  m ). let   = n Cm . Prove that
 m
 n   n − 1  n − 2   m  n +1 
 m  +  m  +  m  ++  m  =  m + 1
         
Hence or otherwise prove that,
 n   n − 1  n − 2   m  n + 2 
 m  + 2  m  + 3 m  ++ (n − m + 1)  m  =  m + 2  [JEE '2000 (Mains), 6]
         

4. Find the largest co-efficient in the expansion of (1 + x)n, given that the sum of co-efficients of the terms
in its expansion is 4096. [REE '2000 (Mains)]

5. In the binomial expansion of (a − b)n ,n  5 , the sum of the 5th and 6th terms is zero. Then a/b equals
n −5 n−4 5 6
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 5 n−4 n −5
[JEE '2001 (Screening), 3]
6. Find the coeffcient of x49 in the polynomial
 C1   2 C2  2 C3   2 C50 
 x −   x − 2   x − 3   x − 50  
 C0   C1  C2   C49 
Where Cr = 50Cr [REE '2001 (Mains), 3]

( )(20m − i) , (where (qp) = 0 if p < q )is maximum when m is [JEE 2002 (Screening), 3]
m
7. The sum  10
i
i =0

(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20

8. Coefficient of t24 in the expansion of (1+ t2)12 (1 + t12) (1 + t24) is [JEE 2003, (Screening), 3]
(A) 12C6 + 2 (B) 12C6 + 1 (C) 12C6 (D) none

9. ( )( ) ( ) (nK−−11) + 2 (n2) (nK−−22) .....+ (–1) (nK) (0n − k) = (nk) .

Prove that : 2K . n n –2K–1 n
0 K 1
K–2 K

[JEE 2003, (Mains), 2]

10. n–1
Cr = (K2 – 3).nCr+1, if K  [JEE 2004 (Screening)]
(A) [– 3 , 3 ] (B) (–, – 2) (C) (2, ) (D) ( 3 , 2]

PHYSICS WALLAH 33
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

11. ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
The value of 30 30 − 30 30 + 30 30 ..... + 30 30 is where n = nCr.
0 10 1 11 2 12 20 30 r ()
(A) ( 30 ) (B) ( 30 ) (C) ( 60 ) (D) (1031)
10 15 30
[JEE 2005 (Screening)]
12. For r = 0, 1,....,10, let Ar, Br and Cr denote, respectively, the coefficient of xr in the expansions
10
of (1+x)10, (1+x)20 and (1+x)30. Then  Ar (B10Br − C10Ar ) is equal to - [JEE 2010, 5]
r =1

(A) B10 – C10 (B) A10 (B102 – C10 A10) (C) 0 (D) C10 – B10

13. The coefficients of three consecutive terms of (1 + x)n+5 are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14. Then n =
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, 4M,1M]

14. Coefficient of x11 in the expansion of (1 + x2)4 (1 + x3)7 (1 + x4)12 is - [JEE(Adv.)-2014, 3(–1)]
(A) 1051 (B) 1106 (C) 1113 (D) 1120

15. The coefficient of x9 in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x3)... (1 + x100) is [JEE 2015, 4M, –0M]

16. Let m be the smallest positive integer such that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of
(1 + x)2 + (1 + x)3 + ....... + (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50 is (3n + 1) 51C3 for some positive integer n.
Then the value of n is [JEE(Advanced)-2016, 3(0)]

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
17. Let X = 10
C1 +2 10
C2 +3 10
C3 + .... + 10 10
C10 where 10Cr, r  {1, 2, ..., 10} denote binomial
1
coefficients. Then, the value of X is _______. [JEE(Advanced)-2018, 3(0)]
1430
 n n

 k  n Ck k 2 
Suppose det  n =0
k =0 k =0
18.
 n n
k
  Ck k  n
Ck 3 
 k =0 k =0 
n n
C
holds for some positive integer n. Then  k +k1 equals _____ [JEE(Advanced)-2019]
k =0

 s!
s  if r  s
19. For non-negative integers s and r, let   =  r!(s − r)!
 r  0 if r  s

m+ n
f (m,n,p)
For positive integers m and n, let g(m,n) = 
p =0  n + p 
 p 
 
p m
  n + i  p + n 
where for any nonnegative integer p,f (m,n,p) =     
i =0  i  p  p − i 

Then which of the following statements is/are TRUE? [JEE Advanced 2020]
(A) g(m, n) = g(n, m) for all positive integers
m, n
(B) g(m, n + 1) = g(m + 1, n) for all positive integers m, n
(C) g(2 m, 2 n) = 2 g(m, n) for all positive integers m, n
(D) g(2 m, 2 n) = (g(m, n))2 for all positive integers m, n

PHYSICS WALLAH 34
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

EXERCISE # 5
[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
1. Let (5 + 2 6 )n = p + f where n,p  N and 0 < f < 1 then the value of f2 – f + pf – p is –
(A) a natural number (B) a negative integer (C) a prime number (D) are irrational number

1
2. Greatest term in the binomial expansion of (a + 2x)9 when a = 1 & x = is :
3
(A) 3rd& 4th (B) 4th& 5th (C) only 4th (D) only 5th

10
3. If  r (r – 1) 10Cr = k. 29, then k is equal to-
r =1

(A) 10 (B) 45 (C) 90 (D) 100

4. The sum
( 0 ) (1 ) ( 2 )
11
+
11
+
11
+......+
(11)
11
equals  where ( n ) denotes C  n
 r 
r
1 2 3 12
2 11
2 12
2 −1 11
212 − 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 12 12 12

5. Statement-1 :The sum of the series nC0. mCr + nC1. mCr–1 + nC2. mCr–2 +......+ nCr.mC0 is equal ton+mCr,
where nCr's and mCr's denotes the combinatorial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x) n and (1 + x)m
respectively.
Statement-2 :Number of ways in which r children can be selected out of (n + m) children consisting of n
boys and m girls if each selection may consist of any number of boys and girls is equal to n+mCr.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true ; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true ; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

[MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]

10
 x +1 x −1 
6. In the expansion of  2/3 − 1/2 
, the term which does contain x0 is -
 x − x1/3
+ 1 x − x 
(A) 11
C4 – 10C3 (B) 10
C7 (C) 10
C4 (D) 11
C5 – 10C5

7. Let (1 + x2)2 (1 + x)n = A0 + A1x + A2x2 + ...... If A0,A1,A2 are in A.P. then the value of n is-
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7
11
 − log x3 
8. In the expansion of  x 3 + 3.2 2

 
2
(A) there appears a term with the power x
2
(B) there does not appear a term with the power x
–3
(C) there appears a term with the power x
3 –3
(D) the ratio of the co-efficient of x to that of x is 1/3
PHYSICS WALLAH 35
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

( )
5
9. If it is known that the third term of the binomial expansion x + x log10 x is 106 then x is equal to-

(A) 10 (B) 10–5/2 (C) 100 (D) 5

10. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

2 3 4
(A) 1 + + 2 + 3 +....+  = 4
2 2 2
(B) Integral part of (9 + 4 5 )n, n N is even.
(C) (nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + ....+ nCn)2 = 1 + 2nC1 + 2nC2+.....+ 2nC2n
1 2
(D) can be expanded as infinite series in ascending powers of x only if |x| < .
(3 + 2 x) 2
3

11. If (9 + 80 )n = I + f where I, n are integers and 0 < f < 1, then -

(A) I is an odd integer (B) I is an even integer (C) (I + f) (1 – f) = 1 (D) 1– f = (9 – 80 )n

n
12. If for n  I, n > 10; 1 + (1 + x) + (1 + x)2 + ...... + (1 + x)n =  a k .x k , x  0 then
k =0

n
n(n + 1)
(A)  ak = 2n+1 (B) an–2 =
2
k =0

n
(C) ap>ap – 1 for p < ,pN (D) (a9)2 – (a8)2 = n+2C10 (n+1C10 – n+1C9)
2

n
(−1)r r n
13. Let P (n) =  r + 1 Cr. Now which of the following holds good?
r =0

10
6
(A) |P10| is harmonic mean of |P9| & |P11| (B)  P(r) P(r – 1) = – 55
r =5
10
6
(C) |P10| is arithmetic mean of |P9| & |P11| (D)  P(r) P (r – 1) = 55
r =5

14. Let (1 + x)m = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + ..... + Cmxm, where Cr = mCr and
A = C1C3 + C2C4 + C3C5+ C4C6 + .......+ Cm–2Cm, then -
(A) A 2mCm–2 (B) A <2mCm–2
(C) A > C02 + C12 + C22 + .....C2m (D) A < C02 + C12 + C22 + .....C2m

( )
z
15. Consider E = 8
x + 5 y = I + ƒ,0  ƒ <1

(A) If x = 5, y = 2, z = 100, then number of irrational terms in expansion of E is 98

(B) If x = 5, y = 2, z = 100, then number of rational terms in expansion of E is 4
(C) If x = 16, y = 1 & z = 6, then I = 197

( )
6
(D) If x = 16, y = 1 & z = 6, then f = 2 −1

PHYSICS WALLAH 36
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

EXERCISE # 6

1. If (7 + 4 3 )n = p +  where n & p are positive integers and  is a proper fraction show that
(1 – ) (p + ) = 1.

2. Let P = (2 + 3 )5 and f = P – [P], where [P] denotes the greatest integer function.
 f2 
Find the value of  .
1− f 

3. For which positive values of x is the fourth term in the expansion of (5 + 3x)10 is the greatest.

n
4. Prove that  n CK sin Kx. cos(n – K)x = 2n–1 sin nx.
K =0

5. Let a =(41/ 401 –1) and let bn = nC1 + nC2 . a + nC3 . a2 + ......... + nCn .an – 1.
Find the value of (b2006 – b2005)

6. Let a and b be the coefficient of x3 in (1 + x + 2x2 + 3x3)4 and (1 + x + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4)4 respectively.
Find the value of (a – b).

2001
1 
7. Find the sum of the roots (real or complex) of the equation x2001 +  − x  = 0.
 2 
n
 x 2
8. Find the index n of the binomial  +  if the 9th term of the expansion has numerically the
 5 5
greatest coefficient (n  N).

9. Find the coefficient of x49 in the polynomial

 C1   2 C2   2 C3   2 C50 
x −   x − 2 .   x − 3 .  ............  x − 50 .
50
 , where Cr = Cr.
 C0   C1   C2   C49 

10. ()
If n denotes nCr, then
r

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
(a) Evaluate : 215 30 30 –214 30 29 + 213 30 28 ......– 30 15
0 15 1 14 2 13 15 0

Prove that :  ( n − 1)( n ) = ( 2n − 1)

n
(b)
n−r r
r =1
n −1

(c) Prove that : ( n ) ( r ) = ( n ) ( n − k )

r k k r−k

PHYSICS WALLAH 37
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

Answer Key

EXERCISE # 1
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C
8. A 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A
15. B

EXERCISE # 2

5 (2mn − 1)
1. (a) r = 6(b) r = 5 or 9 2.(i) (ii) T6 = 7 4.
12 (2n − 1)(2mn )

7.313 17
5. (i) T7 = (ii) 455 × 312 6. 7. n = 2 or 3 or 4
2 54
8. 816 10. (a) –1260 .a2b3c4 ; (b) –12600 11. (a) 990 (b) 3660
12. Cr(3n–r – 2n–r)
n
14. (i) 3n (ii) 1, (iii) an

EXERCISE # 3 (JM)

1. 2 2. 1 3. 3 4. 2 5. 4 6. 3 7. 1
8. 2 9. 3 10. 4 11. 3 12.(Bonus) 13. 1 14. 1
15. 4 16. 3 17. 4 18. 2 19. 4 20. 1 21. 3
22. 2 23. 3 24. 4 25. 4 26. 4 27. 2 28. Bonus
29. 1 30. 1 31. 1 32. 1 33. 4 34. 3 35. 3
36. 2 37. 4 38. 2 39. 4 40. 4 41. 1 42. 1
43. 3 44. 2 45. 2 46. 4 47. 1 48. 4 49. 3
50. 4 51. 4 52. 3 53. 3 54. 1 55. 6006 56. 45
57. 1 58. 45 59. 4 60. 8 61. 210 62. 19 63. D
64. 21 65. 98 66. 55 67. 49 68. 1 69. 136 70. 210
71. 924 72. 315 73. 15 74. 55 75. 4 76. 3 77. 2
78. 1 79. 3 80. 4 81. 4 82. 1 83. 1 84. 3
85. 3 86. 57 87. 23 88. 4 89. 83 90. 286 91. 57
92. 5 93. 102 94. 2 95. 5 96. 24 97. 221 98. 282
99. 99 100. 3 101. 2 102. 3 103. 4 104. 2 105. 1
106. 2 107. 3 108. 4 109. 1012 110. 405 111. 1080 112. 7
113. 1 114. 1120 115. 23 116. 2 117. 9 118. 98 119. 5040
120. 29 121. 4 122. 1 123. 4 124. 1 125. 4 126. 4
127. 1 128. 678 129. 0 130. 2041 131. 1 132. 138 133. 10
134. 118
PHYSICS WALLAH 38
 BINOMIAL THEOREM

EXERCISE # 4 (JA)

1. C 2. D 4. 12
C6 5. B 6. –22100 7. C 8. A
10. D 11. A 12. D 13. 6 14. C 15. 8 16. 5
17. 646.00 18. 6.20 19. ABD

EXERCISE # 5

1. B 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. ACD 7. AB
8. BCD 9. AB 10. AC 11. ACD 12. BCD 13. AD 14. BD
15. AC

EXERCISE # 6

5 20
2. 722 3. <x< 5. 210 6. 0 7. 500 8. n=12
8 21

9. – 22100 10. ( )
(a) 30
15

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PHYSICS WALLAH 39