Business Roles

CONTEMPORARY SOCIO-
ECONOMIC ISSUES
HIV AND AIDS
High levels of absenteeism cause
employees to go for regular checkups.
HIV AND AIDS causes employees to
become tired quickly, which costs the
business a lots of money
UNEMPLOYMENT
An unemployed person is someone who
is willing and available to work and is
looking for a job, but cannot find one.
TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT-
Economic cycles such as recession put a
financial strain on businesses and
therefore businesses retrench some of
their workers
SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT-
Sometimes a job just opens for a
specific season and then the position
becomes unavailable
STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT-
Sometimes it is necessary toto
restructure the workplace because of
new technology
FICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT- The
normal movement of jobs because of
new positions opening elsewhere causes
fictional unemployment
DUMPING
This means that goods enter South
Africa from other countries at a price
that is cheaper than the normal value of
goods because more was producing
than what that country can use.
Dumping destroys the ability of local
businesses to succeed in a very
competitive market
Eg: China
POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO SOCIO
ECONOMIC ISSUES
COPYRIGHT
 The law that protects a person’s
intellectual property so other people
can not use it as their own
 Copyright is created by putting the
words “copyright” or “copyright
reserved” followed by the name and
year or the copyright symbol, name
and then year
 Businesses need to adhere to the
copyright laws if the work is written
material
 The following guidelines appear:
- Permission should be sought to use
the author’s work
- When referring to the work of
another, acknowledgments needs to
be made by referencing used.
- Permission isn’t needed if only a
small part of the work is used and
acknowledgment is given.
PATENT
A registered exclusive right of an
inventor to make, use or sell an
invention
The invention is normally a new,
unique idea that has been researched
and updated
CREATIVE THINKING
Creative thinking is the ability to think of
original and new ideas
Routine thinking is doing the same and
expecting different results. It is
important to break old habits of thinking
and find new ways of solving problems
ADVANTAGES OF CREATIVE
THINKING
- Complex business problems may be
solved quicker
- Creativity may lead to new
products/services for the business
- Unique and better ideas are
generated to increase sales
- Improves motivation amounts staff
CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT THAT
PROMOTES CREATIVE THINKING
- Place suggestion boxes around the
workplace and have brainstorming
sessions
- Train staff to use various techniques
when solving problems
- Reward employees for the unique
ideas, which could better the running
of the business
- Encourage alternative ways of doing
things for example, job swapping
MENTAL BLOCKS (3)
INTERNAL BLOCKS- Blocks ruled by
emotions, fear or judgment
INTELLECTUAL BLOCKS- these blocks
lead to poor planning/strategising to
solve problems
CULTURAL BLOCKS- does not allow
one to go against beliefs
PROBLEM SOLVING
Analysing a situation/problem and
finding solutions to solve it
PROBLEM SOLVING STEPS
1. Identify and define the problem
2. List as many solutions as possible
3. Choose best solution and develop
action plan
4. Implement the action plan
5. Monitor and evaluate action plan
to see if it was successful or not
PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUE
DELPHI TECHNIQUE APPLICATION
 Businesses invites a panel of experts
to answer a questionnaire in which
they respond anonymously
 Summarise responses from the
experts in a feedback report
 If there is no consensus send out a
second set of questionnaires based
on the feedback report
 The business should choose the best
solution after reaching a consensus
STEPLADDER TECHNIQUE
 Encourages individual members to
make a group decision
 Members contribute individually
before being influenced by others
 Prevents people from “hiding” in the
group
IMPACT OF BRAINSTORMING
ADVANTAGES
 Stimulates creative thinking in the
workplace.
 Better solutions are generated
through team work.
 Team members can build on each
other’s ideas.
DISADVANTAGE
 Some team members may dominate
the discussion
 It could result in conflict due to
differences in opinion/ideas.
 It is time-consuming as too many
ideas could be generated
STRESS
CONCEPTS
STRESS- Mental or physical pressure
put on someone which can cause
various issues in the business
STRESS MANAGEMENT- Developing
and putting strategies in place to cope
with stress
CHRONIC STRESS- Long term stress
that leads to illnesses/diseases such as
heart attacks
CATEGORIES OF STRESS
JOB CREATION
 Boring and meaning less task
 Lack of variety
CAREER DEVELOPMENT
 Job security
 Lack of promotion opportunities
 Under promotion and over promotion
WORKLOAD AND WORKPLACE
 Having too much or too little to do
 Working under time pressure
WORKING HOURS
 Strict working hours
 Long working schedules
 Unpredicted working hours
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
 Weak and careless supervision
 Bad relations with co-workers
 Bullying (forcing someone to do
something against their will),
harassment and violence
STRATEGIES TO MANAGE STRESS

WORK- BASED STRATEGIES
 Share the workload differently
(evenly)
 Select and train workers properly
 Consult workers about working
practicals
 Introduce flexitime
 Increase the support workers get
PERSONAL STRATEGIES
 Develop your self awareness to
recognise the signs of stress and its
causes.
 Creates a balanced lifestyle and
minimise extreme emotion and
chaos
 Exercise regularly and keep fit
 Follow a balanced lifestyle
EVENTS THAT COULD BE
CONSIDERED A CRISIS
NATURAL DISASTER: Earthquake, wind
damage, and flooding caused by heavy
rains can prevent the business from
functioning properly
THEFT/ VANDALISM: Vandalism to
vital equipment can stop production
FIRE: Can be accidental (an electric
fault) or deliberate (arson), can destroy
a business physically
POWER OUTAGES: Often happens on
SA and many businesses have
experienced the impact of loss of power
on their IT and communication systems
SUDDEN LOSS: Loss or illness of staff is
a crisis for all businesses (eg HIV)
FUEL SHORTAGES: When there are
strikes in the oil and petroleum industry/
when there is a shortage of oil internally.
STAGES IN A CRISIS
STAGE 1 (BEFORE CRISIS)
At this stage there are very few signs on
the crisis
STAGE 2 (WARNING)
There are few indications that an event
may happen and cause harm to the
business
STAGE 3 (CRISIS POINT)

The event related to the crisis starts to
show harmful effects on the business
STAGE 4 (RECOVERY)
Serious stage of crisis have passed and
the business is able to focus on a return
to normal operations.
STAGE 5 (POST CRISIS)

Formally asses the damage caused by
the event, start repairing what was
damaged and consider a contingency
plan to prevent/deal with similar crisis in
the future.
ETHIC AND PROFESSIONALISM
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ETHICS
AND PROFESSIONALISM
ETHICS PROFESSIONALIS
M
 Refers to what is  Refers to what is
right and wrong right or wrong on
in society a business
 A set of values  The way
that are seen as employees
correct by society conduct
themselves in a
business
 Forms part of  Apply a code of
code of conduct conduct set by a
profession or a
business
THEORIES BASED ON ETHICS

ETHIC THEORIES THAT GUIDES
CONDUCT
UTILITARIAN THEORY
Consequences based- goods for the
greater number of people
DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY
Duty ethics- right if it does not deviate
from 2 rules
ETHIC THEORIES THAT GUIDE
CHARACTER
VIRTUE BASED
Focus on character rather than actions
CARE THEORIES
Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes
ETHICAL THEORIES THAT GUIDE

CINDUCT
UTILITARIAN THEORY
Linked to consequences based theory
which focuses on consequences of an
action, if the action results in pain for
the majority of people it is regarded as
wrong
DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY
The theory states that an action is
morally right if it does not go against
the rules and regulations

Business Roles

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Business Roles

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CONTEMPORARY SOCIO-

STRATEGIES TO MANAGE STRESS

STAGE 3 (CRISIS POINT)

STAGE 5 (POST CRISIS)

THEORIES BASED ON ETHICS

ETHICAL THEORIES THAT GUIDE

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