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    Misr University for Science & Technology College of Engineering

    Department of Computer Science

    "ASSIGNMENT"

    Done by:

    Kareem Mohammeed Elsayed 200030812

    Course Name:

    Pattern - Recognition

    CSE 588

    Under supervision of:


    Dr. Dina Salem
    Eng .Baraa
    Questions
    Define:

    Pattern : A pattern is an entity, vaguely defined, that could be given a name, e.g., 
    fingerprint image,  handwritten word,  human face,  speech signal,  DNA sequence,

    Pattern Recognition : Pattern recognition is the study of how machines can  observe
    the environment,  learn to distinguish patterns of interest,  make sound and reasonable
    decisions about the categories of the patterns.

    Generalization : is defined as the ability of a classifier to produce correct results on novel


    patterns.

    What is the importance of pattern recognition?


     Pattern recognition is used to give human recognition intelligence to machines.
     Pattern recognition techniques offer a suitable key for processing and extracting useful
    information from the data of multivariate analysis. 
    Pattern recognition is used to extract meaningful features from given samples to be used in
    computer vision for various applications.
     Finding and understanding patterns is a crucial element of problem-solving and
    mathematical thinking.
     Pattern recognition makes it possible for us to figure out common traits of behavior in data.

     Explain the types of Pattern Recognition Algorithms ?


    Types of Pattern Recognition Algorithms:

    1. Supervised Algorithms
    2. 15  The pattern recognition a supervised approach is called classification.  These algorithms use a
    two-stage methodology for identifying the patterns.  The first stage the development/construction
    of the model.  And the second stage involves the prediction for new or unseen objects. Types of
    Pattern Recognition Algorithms: 1. Supervised Algorithms The key features involving this concept are
    listed below. • Partition the given data into two sets- Training and Test set 16 • Train the model
    using a suitable machine learning algorithm such as SVM (Support Vector Machines), decision trees,
    random forest, etc. • Training is the process through which the model learns or recognizes the
    patterns in the given data for making suitable predictions. • Thetest set contains already predicted
    values. • It is used for validating the predictions made by the training set. • The model is trained on
    the training set and tested on the test set. • The performance of the model is evaluated based on
    correct predictions made. • The trained and tested model developed for recognizing patterns using
    machine learning algorithms is called a classifier. • This classifier is used to make predictions for
    unseen data/objects. Types of Pattern Recognition Algorithms:
    3. UnSupervised Algorithms
     In contrast to the supervised algorithms for pattern make use of training and testing sets, these
    algorithms use a group by approach.  They observe the patterns in the data and group them based on
    the similarity in their features such as dimension to make a prediction.  In such a case we make use of a
    concept called clustering. Types of Pattern Recognition Algorithms: UnSupervised Algorithms 
    Clustering combines or group items having the same features.  No previous knowledge is available for
    identifying a new item.  They use machine learning algorithms like hierarchical and k mans clustering. 
    Based on the features or properties of the new object, it is assigned to a group to make a prediction.

    Draw and explain the Design Cycle


    Data Collection

    How do we know when we have collected adequately representative large set an and of examples for
    training and testing the system?

    Feature Choice

    Depends on the characteristics of the problem domain. Simple to extract, invariant to irrelevant
    transformations, insensitive to noise and discriminating different categories

    Model Choice

    Unsatisfied with the performance of our fish classifier and want to jump to another class of model.

    Training

    Training the classifier is the process of using data to determine the classifier (learning by example).
    Many different procedures training choosing available. classifiers models for and are

    Evaluation

    Measure the error rate (or performance) and switch from one set of features to another. Evaluation is
    important: • To measure the system performance • Identify the improvements need for in its
    components

    Questions (L2)

    Define

    classification and give examples ?


    Definition1: Classification may be defined as the process of predicting class or category from
    observed values or given data points.
    Thecategorized output can have the form such as “Black” or “White” or “spam” or “no spam”.
    Definition2: Mathematically, classification is the task of approximating a mapping function (f)
    from input variables (X) to output variables (Y).
    List and explain the types of learners in respective to classification
    problems ?
    Types of Learners in Classification

    We have two types of learners in respective to classification problems − 1. Lazy Learners  As the name
    suggests, such kind of learners waits for the testing data to be appeared after storing the training data.
    Classification is done only after getting the testing data. They spend less time on training but more time
    on predicting. Examples of lazy learners are K-nearest neighbor and case-based reasoning.

    2. Eager Learners Asopposite to lazy learners, eager learners construct classification model without
    waiting for the testing data to be appeared after storing the training data. They spend more time on
    training but less time on predicting. Examples of eager learners are Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes
    andArtificial Neural Networks (ANN).

    Write a complete python program that is able to classify the Wisconsin breast
    cancer dataset using the naiive bayes classifier. Your program should include all
    necessary import statements and a comment above every instruction explaining
    its role ……?

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