H3 Unit 2 revision Qs [207 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 5] SPM.1.AHL.TZ0.4

The following diagram shows the graph of y = f (x). The graph has a horizontal asymptote at y = −1. The graph

crosses the x-axis at x = −1 and x = 1, and the y-axis at y = 2.

2
On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of y = [f (x)] + 1, clearly showing any asymptotes with their
equations and the coordinates of any local maxima or minima.

[5]

Markscheme
 no y values below 1 A1

horizontal asymptote at y = 2 with curve approaching from below as x → ±∞ A1

(±1,1) local minima A1

(0,5) local maximum A1

smooth curve and smooth stationary points A1

[5 marks]

2. [Maximum mark: 8] SPM.1.AHL.TZ0.9

The function f is defined by f (x) = e
2x
− 6e
x
+ 5, x ∈ R, x ⩽ a. The graph of y = f (x) is shown in the following
diagram.
(a) Find the largest value of a such that f has an inverse function. [3]

Markscheme

attempt to differentiate and set equal to zero M1

f
′
(x) = 2e
2x
− 6e
x
= 2e
x
(e
x
− 3) = 0 A1

minimum at x = ln 3

a = ln 3 A1

[3 marks]

(b) For this value of a, find an expression for f −1 (x), stating its domain. [5]

Markscheme

Note: Interchanging x and y can be done at any stage.

2
y = (e
x
− 3) − 4 (M1)

e
x
− 3 = ±√y + 4 A1

as x ⩽ ln 3, x = ln (3 − √y + 4) R1

so f −1 (x) = ln (3 − √x + 4) A1

domain of f −1 is x ∈ R, −4 ⩽ x < 5 A1
 [5 marks]

3. [Maximum mark: 21] EXN.1.AHL.TZ0.11

A function f is defined by f (x) =
3
2
x +2
, x ∈ R.

(a) Sketch the curve y = f (x), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their equations and stating the coordinates
of any points of intersection with the axes. [4]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to aid teachers in preparing for
external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

a curve symmetrical about the y-axis with correct concavity that has a local maximum point on the positive y-axis A1

a curve clearly showing that y → 0 as x → ±∞ A1

3
(0,
2
) A1

horizontal asymptote y = 0 ( x-axis) A1

[4 marks]

The region R is bounded by the curve y = f (x), the x-axis and the lines x = 0 and x = √ 6. Let A be the area of R.

(b) √ 2π
Show that A =
2
. [4]

Markscheme

attempts to find ∫ 2
x +2
3
dx (M1)

= [
3
arctan
x
] A1
√2 √2

x 3
Note: Award M1A0 for obtaining [k arctan ] where k ≠ .
√2 √2

Note: Condone the absence of or use of incorrect limits to this stage.

 3
= (arctan √3 − arctan 0) (M1)
√2

3 π π
= ×
3
(= ) A1
√2 √2

√2π
A =
2
AG

[4 marks]

The line x = k divides R into two regions of equal area.

(c) Find the value of k. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

EITHER

k
3 √2π
∫ 2
dx =
x +2 4
0

√2π
(M1)
3 k
arctan =
√2 √2 4

OR

√6
3 √2π
∫ 2
dx =
x +2 4
k

√2π
(M1)
3 k
(arctan √3 − arctan ) =
√2 √2 4

k π
arctan √3 − arctan =
√2 6

THEN

π
arctan
k
=
6
A1
√2

k π 1
= tan
6
(= ) A1
√2 √3

√6
k =
3
(= √
2

3
) A1

METHOD 2

k √6
3 3
∫ 2
dx = ∫ 2
dx
x +2 x +2
0 k
 3 k 3 k
arctan = (arctan √3 − arctan ) (M1)
√2 √2 √2 √2

k π
arctan =
6
A1
√2

π
k
= tan
6
(=
1
) A1
√2 √3

√6 2
k =
3
(= √
3
) A1

[4 marks]

Let m be the gradient of a tangent to the curve y = f (x).

(d) Show that m = −

6x
.
2
(x +2)
2
[2]

Markscheme

d 3
attempts to find dx
(
x +2
2
) (M1)

−2
= (3)(−1)(2x)(x
2
+ 2) A1

6x
so m = −
2
2
AG
(x +2)

[2 marks]

(e)
Show that the maximum value of m is .
27 2
√
32 3 [7]

Markscheme

attempts product rule or quotient rule differentiation M1

EITHER

−3 −2
A1
dm 2 2
= (−6x)(−2)(2x)(x + 2) + (x + 2) (−6)
dx

OR
2
2 2
(x +2) (−6)−(−6x)(2)(2x)(x +2)
A1
dm
= 4
dx 2
(x +2)

Note: Award A0 if the denominator is incorrect. Subsequent marks can be awarded.

THEN

attempts to express their as a rational fraction with a factorized numerator M1

dm

dx
 2 2 2
6(x +2)(3x −2) 6(3x −2)
dm
= 4
(= 3
)
dx 2 2
(x +2) (x +2)

attempts to solve their = 0 for x M1

dm

dx

A1
2
x = ±√
3

from the curve, the maximum value of m occurs at x R1

2
= −√
3

(the minimum value of m occurs at x )

2
= √
3

Note: Award R1 for any equivalent valid reasoning.

2
6(−√ )
3

maximum value of m is − 2
2
A1
2
((−√ ) +2)
3

leading to a maximum value of AG

27 2
√
32 3

[7 marks]

4. [Maximum mark: 9] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.5

2

Let f (x) , x ∈ R, x ≠ −2.

2x −5x−12
=
x+2

(a) Find all the intercepts of the graph of f (x) with both the x and y axes. [4]

Markscheme

x = 0 ⇒ y = −6 intercept on the y axes is (0, −6) A1

−3
2x
2
− 5x − 12 = 0 ⇒ (2x + 3) (x − 4) = 0 ⇒ x =
2
or 4 M1

intercepts on the x axes are ( −3

2
, 0) and (4, 0) A1A1

[4 marks]

(b) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

x = −2 A1

[1 mark]

(c) As x → ±∞ the graph of f (x) approaches an oblique straight line asymptote.

 Divide 2x 2 − 5x − 12 by x + 2 to find the equation of this asymptote. [4]

Markscheme

f (x) = 2x − 9 +
6

x+2
M1A1

So equation of asymptote is y = 2x − 9 M1A1

[4 marks]

5. [Maximum mark: 9] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.6

2

Let f (x) , x ∈ R, x ≠ −1.

x −10x+5
=
x+1

(a) Find the co-ordinates of all stationary points. [4]

Markscheme

2
(2x−10)(x+1)−(x −10x+5)1
f
′
(x) = 2
M1
(x+1)

f
′
(x) = 0 ⇒ x
2
+ 2x − 15 = 0 ⇒ (x + 5) (x − 3) = 0 M1

Stationary points are (−5, − 20) and (3, − 4) A1A1

[4 marks]

(b) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

x = −1 A1

[1 mark]

(c) With justification, state if each stationary point is a minimum, maximum or horizontal point of inflection. [4]

Markscheme

Looking at the nature table

M1A1

(−5, − 20) is a max and (3, − 4) is a min A1A1

[4 marks]

6. [Maximum mark: 8] 24M.1.AHL.TZ1.3

Points A and B lie on the circumference of a circle of radius r cm with centre at O.

The sector OAB is shown on the following diagram. The angle AÔB is denoted as θ and is measured in radians.
 The perimeter of the sector is 10 cm and the area of the sector is 6. 25 cm
2
.
(a) Show that 4r 2
− 20r + 25 = 0. [4]

Markscheme

2r + r θ = 10 A1

2
2
r θ = 6. 25 A1

attempt to eliminate θ to obtain an equation in r M1

correct intermediate equation in r A1

25 10 25 1 10
10 − 2r =
2r
OR r
− 2 =
2r
2
OR 2
2
r (
r
− 2) = 6. 25 OR 1. 25 + 2r
2
= 10r

4r
2
− 20r + 25 = 0 AG

[4 marks]

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of r and the value of θ. [4]

Markscheme

attempt to solve quadratic by factorizing or use of formula or completing the square (M1)

2
20±√ (−20) −4(4)(25)
2 20±√400−400
(2r − 5) = 0 OR r =
2(4)
(=
8
)

r =
5

2
A1

attempt to substitute their value of r into their perimeter or area equation (M1)
5
10−2( )
θ = 5
2
or θ =
25
5
2
( ) 2( )
2
2

θ = 2 A1

[4 marks]

7. [Maximum mark: 16] 24M.1.AHL.TZ1.10

4x+2
Consider the function f (x) =
x−2
, x ≠ 2.
(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x). On your sketch, indicate the values of any axis intercepts and label any
asymptotes with their equations. [5]

Markscheme

vertical asymptote x = 2 sketched and labelled with correct equation A1

horizontal asymptote y = 4 sketched and labelled with correct equation A1

For an approximate rational function shape:

labelled intercepts − 12 on x-axis, −1 on y-axis A1A1

two branches in correct opposite quadrants with correct asymptotic behaviour A1

Note: These marks may be awarded independently.

[5 marks]

(b) Write down the range of f . [1]

Markscheme

y ≠ 4 (or equivalent) A1

[1 mark]

Consider the function g(x) = x

2
+ bx + c. The graph of g has an axis of symmetry at x = 2.

1
The two roots of g(x) = 0 are −
2
and p, where p ∈ Q.
(c) Show that p =
9
. [1]
2

Markscheme

1
− +p
5 1 5 1
2 +
2
OR (−
2
) + 2 ×
2
OR 2

2
= 2 OR −4 = −p +
2
A1

9
p =
2
AG

[1 mark]

(d) Find the value of b and the value of c. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to substitute both roots to form a quadratic (M1)

EITHER

(x +
1

2
)(x −
9

2
) OR x
2
− (−
1

2
+
9

2
)x + (−
1

2
×
9

2
)

= x
2
− 4x −
9

4
A1A1

9
(b = −4, c = − )
4

Note: Award A1 for each correct value. They may be embedded or stated explicitly.

OR

2 9
(2x + 1)(2x − 9) = 4(x − 4x − )
4

9
b = −4, c = −
4
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct value. They must be stated explicitly.

METHOD 2

OR A1
b
− = 2 4 + b = 0 ⇒ b = −4
2

attempt to form a valid equation to find c using their b (M1)

2 2
1 1 9 9
(−
2
) + −4(−
2
) + c = 0 OR (
2
) + −4(
2
) + c = 0

c = −
9

4
A1

METHOD 3
 attempt to form two valid equations in b and c (M1)

1 2 1 9 2 9
(− ) + b(− ) + c = 0, ( ) + b( ) + c = 0
2 2 2 2

9
b = −4, c = −
4
A1A1

METHOD 4

2
attempt to write g(x) in the form (x − h) + k and substitute for x, h and g(x) (M1)

2
1 25
(− − 2) + k = 0 ⇒ k = −
2 4

2 25
(x − 2) −
4

9
= x
2
− 4x −
4
A1A1

9
(b = −4, c = − )
4

Note: Award A1 for each correct value. They may be embedded or stated explicitly.

[3 marks]

(e) Find the y-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of y = g(x). [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute x = 2 into their g(x) OR

complete the square on their g(x) (may be seen in part (d)) (M1)

y = −
25

4
A1

[2 marks]

(f ) Find the product of the solutions of the equation f (x) = g(x). [4]

Markscheme

OR
4x+2 1 9 4x+2 2 9
= (x + )(x − ) = x − 4x −
x−2 2 2 x−2 4

attempt to form a cubic equation (M1)

EITHER

4x + 2 = (x − 2)(x +
1

2
)(x −
9

2
) OR 4x + 2 = (x
2
− 4x −
9

4
)(x − 2) OR

(x − 2)(x +
1

2
)(x −
9

2
) − 4x − 2 OR (x − 2)(x
2
− 4x −
9

4
) − 4x − 2

x
3
+ … +
5

2
(= 0) OR 4x
3
+ … + 10(= 0) (A1)(A1)
 Note: Award (A1) for each of the terms x 3 and 5

2
or 4x 3 and 10. Ignore extra terms.

3 5 3
(−1) × (−1) ×10
product of roots = (
1
2
) OR (
4
)

5
= −
2
A1

OR

1 1 9
4(x + ) = (x − 2)(x + )(x − )
2 2 2

x = −
1

2
(A1)

or 4 = x
2
+ … + 9 ⇒ x
2
+ … + 5 = 0

product of roots of quadratic is 5 (A1)

product is therefore − 12 × 5

5
= −
2
A1

[4 marks]

8. [Maximum mark: 5] 24M.1.AHL.TZ2.2

Solve 3 × 9 x + 5 × 3 x − 2 = 0. [5]

Markscheme

recognising a quadratic in 3 x (M1)

x 2 x
3 × (3 ) + 5 × 3 − 2 = 0

valid attempt to solve a quadratic equation (factorising, use of formula, completing square, or otherwise) (M1)

−5±√25+24
(3 × 3
x
− 1)(3
x
+ 2) = 0 OR 3
x
=
6
(or equivalent) (A1)

1
3
x
=
3
(or 3 x = −2) (A1)

x = −1 A1

Note: Award the final A1 if candidate’s answer includes x = −1 and x = log 3 (−2). Award A0 if other incorrect answers
are given.

[5 marks]

9. [Maximum mark: 8] 24M.1.AHL.TZ2.5

2(x+3)
A function f is defined by f (x) =
3(x+2)
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −2.
The graph y = f (x) is shown below.

(a) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

y =
2

3
(must be written as equation with y =) A1

[1 mark]

Consider g(x) = mx + 1, where m ∈ R, m ≠ 0.

(b.i) Write down the number of solutions to f (x) = g(x) for m > 0. [1]

Markscheme

2 A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Determine the value of m such that f (x) = g(x) has only one solution for x. [4]

Markscheme

EITHER

2(x+3)
= mx + 1
3(x+2)

attempt to expand to obtain a quadratic equation (M1)

2
2x + 6 = 3mx + 6mx + 3x + 6

3mx
2
+ (6m + 1)x = 0 OR 3mx
2
+ 6mx + x = 0 A1

recognition that discriminant Δ = 0 for one solution (M1)

 2
(6m + 1) = 0

OR

2(x+3)
= mx + 1
3(x+2)

attempt to expand to obtain a quadratic equation (M1)

2
2x + 6 = 3mx + 6mx + 3x + 6

3mx
2
+ (6m + 1)x = 0 OR 3mx
2
+ 6mx + x = 0 A1

attempt to solve their quadratic for x and equating their solutions (M1)

x(3mx + 6m + 1) = 0

x = 0 OR x = −
6m+1

3m
(= 0)

6m+1
− = 0
3m

OR

attempt to find f ′(x) using the quotient rule (M1)

2 (x+2)−(x+3) −2 2(3x+6)−3(2x+6)
f ′(x) =
3
( 2
) = ( 2
) OR 2
or equivalent A1
(x+2) 3(x+2) (3x+6)

recognition that m is the derivative of f (x) at x = 0 (M1)

THEN

1
⇒ m = −
6
A1

[4 marks]

(b.iii) Determine the range of values for m, where f (x) = g(x) has two solutions for x ≥ 0. [2]

Markscheme

Note: In this part, FT may be awarded only for values of m between −1 and 0.

−
1

6
< m < 0 A2

Note: Award A1 for only m > −

1

6
. Award A1 for only m < 0.

[2 marks]

10. [Maximum mark: 6] 24M.2.AHL.TZ1.4

A particle moves in a straight line such that it passes through a fixed point O at time t = 0, where t represents time measured in

seconds after passing O. For 0 ≤ t ≤ 10 its velocity, v metres per second, is given by v = 2 sin (0. 5t) + 0. 3t − 2.

The graph of v is shown in the following diagram.

(a) Find the smallest value of t when the particle changes direction. [2]

Markscheme

recognition that velocity is zero (M1)

v = 2 sin (0. 5t) + 0. 3t − 2 = 0

t = 1. 68694 …

t = 1. 69 A1

[2 marks]

The displacement of the particle is measured in metres from O.

(b) Find the range of values of t for which the displacement of the particle is increasing. [2]

Markscheme

recognition that v > 0 (M1)

1. 68694 … < t < 6. 11857 …

1. 69 < t < 6. 12 A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find the displacement of the particle relative to O when t = 10. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute into the total displacement formula (condone missing or incorrect limits, and absence of
d t) (M1)

10 10
∫
0
(2 sin (0. 5t) + 0. 3t − 2) d t OR ∫
0
v(t) d t
 = −2. 13464 …

= −2. 13 (m) A1

Note: Award (M1)A0 if −2. 13 is followed by 2. 13.

[2 marks]

11. [Maximum mark: 31] 24M.3.AHL.TZ2.2

This question asks you to find the probability of graphs of randomly generated quadratic functions having a specified
number of x-intercepts.

In parts (a) – (f ), consider quadratic functions, f (x) = ax

2
+ bx + c, whose coefficients, a, b and c, are randomly generated
in turn by rolling an unbiased six-sided die three times and reading off the value shown on the uppermost face of the die.

For example, rolling a 2, 3 and 5 in turn generates the quadratic function f (x) = 2x
2
+ 3x + 5.

(a) Explain why there are 216 possible quadratic functions that can be generated using this method. [1]

Markscheme

6
3
OR 6 × 6 × 6 A1

Note: Accept a labelled diagram that clearly illustrates correct application of the multiplication principle leading to 216.

= 216 AG

[1 mark]

(b) The set of coefficients, a = 1, b = 4 and c = 4, is randomly generated to form the quadratic function
+ 4x + 4.
2
f (x) = x

Verify that this graph of f has only one x-intercept. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempts to find Δ (M1)

Δ(= (4
2
− 4(1)(4))) = 0 A1

OR

attempts to solve x 2 + 4x + 4 = 0 (M1)

2
((x + 2) = 0 ⇒)x = −2 A1

OR
 attempts to express x 2 + 4x + 4(= 0) as a perfect square (M1)

2
(x + 2) (= 0) is a perfect square A1

OR

a graph of y = x
2
+ 4x + 4 with the vertex touching the x-axis at x = −2 A2

THEN

graph of f has only one x-intercept AG

[2 marks]

(c) By considering the discriminant, or otherwise, show that the probability of the graph of such a randomly
generated quadratic function having only one x-intercept is 5

216
. [6]

Markscheme

Note: In parts (c) – (f ), (a, b, c) = (1, 2, 1), for example, represents an ordered 3-tuple a = 1, b = 2 and c = 1.

recognizes that b 2 − 4ac = 0 (or equivalent) (M1)

EITHER

2 2

attempts to use b

ac
= 4(
b

4
= ac) (M1)

determines one value of b from b = 2, 4 or 6 only (seen anywhere) OR one value of ac from ac = 1, 4 or 9 only (seen
anywhere) (A1)

OR

attempts to find a possible value of b (M1)

determines one value of b from b = 2, 4 or 6 only (seen anywhere) (A1)

OR

recognizes that b 2 must be a multiple of 4 OR b must be a multiple of 2 (M1)

determines one value of b from b = 2, 4 or 6 only (seen anywhere) (A1)

OR

attempts to find a possible value of ac (M1)

determines one value of ac from ac = 1, 4 or 9 only (seen anywhere) (A1)

THEN

b = 2 and ac = 1 :

(a, b, c) = (1, 2, 1) OR 1 possible way OR A1

1

216

b = 4 and ac = 4 :

3
(a, b, c) = (1, 4, 4), (4, 4, 1), (2, 4, 2) OR 3 possible ways OR A1
216
 b = 6 and ac = 9 :

(a, b, c) = (3, 6, 3) OR 1 possible way OR A1

1

216

therefore the required probability is 216

1
+
3

216
+
1

216

5
=
216
AG

[6 marks]

Now consider randomly generated quadratic functions whose corresponding graphs have two distinct x-intercepts.

(d) By considering the discriminant, determine the set of possible values of ac. [3]

Markscheme

Note: In parts (c) – (f ), (a, b, c) = (1, 2, 1), for example, represents an ordered 3-tuple a = 1, b = 2 and c = 1.

recognizes that b 2 − 4ac > 0 (or equivalent eg. > ac) (M1)
b

maximum value of b 2 is 36 OR maximum value of ac is 8 (A1)

Note: The above (A1) is independent of the (M1).

ac = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 A1

[3 marks]

(e.i) For the case where ac = 1, show that there are four quadratic functions whose corresponding graphs have two
distinct x-intercepts. [1]

Markscheme

Note: In parts (c) – (f ), (a, b, c) = (1, 2, 1), for example, represents an ordered 3-tuple a = 1, b = 2 and c = 1.

2
ac = 1 (b > 4)

b = 3, 4, 5, 6 OR 1 × 4 (quadratics) OR 6 − 2 (quadratics) A1

there are four quadratic functions AG

[1 mark]

(e.ii) For the case where ac = 2, show that there are eight quadratic functions whose corresponding graphs have two
distinct x-intercepts. [2]

Markscheme

Note: In parts (c) – (f ), (a, b, c) = (1, 2, 1), for example, represents an ordered 3-tuple a = 1, b = 2 and c = 1.
 2
ac = 2 (b > 8)

b = 3, 4, 5, 6 (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for referencing their result shown in part (e) (i).

EITHER

(a, b, c) = (1, 3, 2), (1, 4, 2), (1, 5, 2), (1, 6, 2), (2, 3, 1), (2, 4, 1), (2, 5, 1), (2, 6, 1)

A1

Note: Award A1 for listing the eight quadratic expressions.

OR

2 × 4 (quadratics) A1

THEN

there are eight quadratics functions AG

[2 marks]

Let p be the probability of the graph of such a randomly generated quadratic function having two distinct x-intercepts.

(f ) Using the approach started in part (e), or otherwise, find the value of p. [6]

Markscheme

Note: In parts (c) – (f ), (a, b, c) = (1, 2, 1), for example, represents an ordered 3-tuple a = 1, b = 2 and c = 1.

METHOD 1

varies ac (ac ≠ 1, 2) and determines possible values of b such that Δ > 0 (M1)

correctly determines one of the following five cases (A1)

correctly determines a further two of the following five cases (A1)

correctly determines the remaining two cases (A1)

case 1: ac = 3 (b
2
> 12 ⇒ b = 4, 5, 6)

(a, b, c) = (1, 4, 3), (1, 5, 3), (1, 6, 3), (3, 4, 1), (3, 5, 1), (3, 6, 1) OR

6 possible ways OR
6

216

case 2: ac = 4 (b
2
> 16 ⇒ b = 5, 6)
(a, b, c) = (1, 5, 4), (1, 6, 4), (2, 5, 2), (2, 6, 2), (4, 5, 1), (4, 6, 1) OR

6 possible ways OR
6

216

case 3: ac = 5 (b
2
> 20 ⇒ b = 5, 6)

4
(a, b, c) = (1, 5, 5), (1, 6, 5), (5, 5, 1), (5, 6, 1) OR 4 possible ways OR
216

case 4: ac = 6 (b
2
> 24 ⇒ b = 5, 6)

(a, b, c) = (1, 5, 6), (2, 5, 3), (3, 5, 2), (6, 5, 1), (1, 6, 6), (2, 6, 3), (3, 6, 2), (6, 6, 1)

OR 8 possible ways OR
8

216

case 5: ac = 8 (b
2
> 32 ⇒ b = 6)

2
(a, b, c) = (2, 6, 4), (4, 6, 2) OR 2 possible ways OR
216

adds their probabilities (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for adding at least 3 of their probabilities (denominator 216).

4 8 6 6 4 8 2
(p =) + + + + + +
216 216 216 216 216 216 216

(= 0. 0185 … + 0. 0370 … + 0. 0277 … + 0. 0277 … + 0. 0185 … + 0. 0370 … + 0. 0092 …)

=
38

216
(=
19

108
, = 0. 176) A1

METHOD 2

varies b 2 (≠ 1, 4) OR b(≠ 1, 2) and determines possible values of ac such that Δ > 0 (M1)

correctly determines one of the following four cases (A1)

correctly determines another case from the following four cases (A1)

correctly determines the remaining two cases (A1)

case 1: b 2 = 9 (b = 3) (ac = 1, 2)

3
(a, b, c) = (1, 3, 1), (1, 3, 2), (2, 3, 1) OR 3 possible ways OR 216

case 2: b 2 = 16 (b = 4) (ac = 1, 2, 3)

5
(a, b, c) = (1, 4, 1), (1, 4, 2), (2, 4, 1), (1, 4, 3), (3, 4, 1) OR 5 possible ways OR 216

case 3: b 2 = 25 (b = 5) (ac = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

(a, b, c) = (1, 5, 1), (1, 5, 2), (2, 5, 1), (1, 5, 3), (3, 5, 1), (1, 5, 4), (2, 5, 2)

(4, 5, 1), (1, 5, 5), (5, 5, 1), (1, 5, 6), (2, 5, 3), (3, 5, 2), (6, 5, 1)

OR 14 possible ways OR 14

216

case 4: b 2 = 36 (b = 6) (ac = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8)
 (a, b, c) = (1, 6, 1), (1, 6, 2), (2, 6, 1), (1, 6, 3), (3, 6, 1), (1, 6, 4), (2, 6, 2), (4, 6, 1)

(1, 6, 5), (5, 6, 1), (1, 6, 6), (2, 6, 3), (3, 6, 2), (6, 6, 1), (2, 6, 4), (4, 6, 2)

16
OR 16 possible ways OR 216

adds their probabilities (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for adding at least 3 of their probabilities (denominator 216).

3 5 14 16
(p =) + + +
216 216 216 216

(= 0. 013889 … + 0. 023148 … + 0. 064815 … + 0. 074074 …)

38 19
=
216
(=
108
, = 0. 176) A1

METHOD 3

varies b 2 OR b and determines possible values of ac such that Δ < 0 (M1)

correctly determines two of the following six cases (A1)

correctly determines a further two of the following six cases (A1)

correctly determines the remaining two cases (A1)

36
case 1: b 2 = 1 (b = 1) 36 possible ways OR
216

35
case 2: b 2 = 4 (b = 2) 35 possible ways OR
216

33
case 3: b 2 = 9 (b = 3) 33 possible ways OR
216

case 4: b 2 = 16 (b = 4) 28 possible ways OR

28

216

case 5: b 2 = 25 (b = 5) 22 possible ways OR

22

216

case 6: b 2 = 36 (b = 6) 19 possible ways OR

19

216

(p =) 1 − (
36

216
+
35

216
+
33

216
+
28

216
+
22

216
+
19

216
+
5

216
) (M1)

(= 1 − (0. 16666 … + 0. 16203 … + 0. 15277 … + 0. 12962 … + 0. 10185 … + 0. 087962 … + 0. 023148 …))

Note: Award (M1) for adding at least 3 of their probabilities inside the above bracket (denominator 216).

=
38

216
(=
19

108
, = 0. 176) A1

[6 marks]

In parts (g) and (h), consider a randomly generated quadratic function, f (x) = x
2
+ 2Zx + 1, where the continuous random

variable Z~N(0, 1).

(g) Find the probability that the graph of f has two x-intercepts. [3]

Markscheme

recognizes that 4Z 2 − 4 > 0 (Z

2
> 1) (M1)

probability of two x-intercepts is

EITHER

P(|Z| > 1) (A1)

OR

P(Z < −1) or P(Z > 1) (can be shown on a labelled diagram) (A1)

= 0. 158655 … + 0. 158655 …

OR

1 − P(−1 ≤ Z ≤ 1) (can be shown on a labelled diagram) (A1)

= 1 − 0. 682689 …

THEN

= 0. 317310 …

= 0. 317 A1

[3 marks]

The continuous random variables, X 1 and X 2 , represent the x-intercepts of the graph of f where X 1 2
= −Z − √ Z − 1

and X 2 = −Z + √Z 2 − 1.

(h) Given that the graph of f has two x-intercepts, X 1 and X 2 , find the probability that both X 1 and X 2 are
greater than 0. 5. [7]

Markscheme

attempts to solve X 1 > 0. 5 for Z (M1)

−1. 25 < Z ≤ −1 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1)(A1) for obtaining Z = −1. 25 from solving X 1 = 0. 5 and award (A1) for stating the correct inequality.

Award (M1)(A1)(A1) for −1. 25 < Z < −1.

Award (M1)(A1)(A0) for −1. 25 < Z.

Award (M1) for rearranging to form −√Z 2 − 1 = Z + 0. 5 and then attempting to square both sides
2
+ Z + 0. 25).
2 2
Z − 1 = (Z + 0. 5) (= Z

attempts to calculate their P(X 1 , X 2 both > 0. 5) (M1)

 P(−1. 25 < Z ≤ −1) = 0. 053005 … (A1)

attempts to calculate their P(X 1 , X 2 both > 0. 5|x‐ intercepts) (M1)

0.053005…
=
0.317310…

= 0. 167 A1

[7 marks]

12. [Maximum mark: 5] 23N.1.AHL.TZ1.1

Consider the functions f (x) = x − 3 and g(x) = x
2
+ k
2
, where k is a real constant.

(a) Write down an expression for (g ∘ f )(x). [2]

Markscheme

attempt to form (g ∘ f )(x) (M1)

2
((g ∘ f )(x)) = (x − 3) + k
2
(= x
2
− 6x + 9 + k )
2
A1

[2 marks]

(b) Given that (g ∘ f )(2) = 10, find the possible values of k. [3]

Markscheme

substituting x = 2 into their (g ∘ f )(x) and setting their expression = 10 (M1)

2
(2 − 3) + k
2
= 10 OR 2
2
− 6(2) + 9 + k
2
= 10

k
2
= 9 (A1)

k = ±3 A1

[3 marks]

13. [Maximum mark: 6] 23N.1.AHL.TZ1.5

n
The binomial expansion of (1 + kx) is given by 1 + 12x + 28k 2 x 2 +. . . +k n x n where n ∈ Z
+
and k ∈ Q.

Find the value of n and the value of k. [6]

Markscheme

attempt to apply binomial expansion (M1)

n
(1 + kx) = 1 +
n
C 1 kx +
n
C2 k x
2 2
+ … OR n
C 1 k = 12 OR n
C 2 = 28

nk = 12 (A1)

n(n−1) n!

2
= 28 OR (n−2)!2!
= 28 (A1)
 n
2
− n − 56 = 0 OR n(n − 1) = 56

valid attempt to solve (M1)

(n − 8)(n + 7) = 0 OR 8(8 − 1) = 56 OR finding correct value in Pascal’s triangle

⇒ n = 8 A1

⇒ k =
3

2
A1

Note: If candidate finds n = 8 with no working shown, award M1A0A0M1A1A0.

If candidate finds n = 8 and k =

3

2
with no working shown, award M1A0A0M1A1A1.

[6 marks]

14. [Maximum mark: 15] 23N.1.AHL.TZ1.10

The functions f and g are defined by

9
f (x) = ln (2x − 9), where x >
2

g(x) = 2 ln x − ln d, where x > 0, d ∈ R .

+

(a) State the equation of the vertical asymptote to the graph of y = g(x). [1]

Markscheme

x = 0 A1

[1 mark]

The graphs of y = f (x) and y = g(x) intersect at two distinct points.

(b.i) Show that, at the points of intersection, x 2 − 2dx + 9d = 0. [4]

Markscheme

setting ln(2x − 9) = 2 ln x − ln d M1

attempt to use power rule (M1)

2 ln x = ln x
2
( seen anywhere )

attempt to use product/quotient rule for logs (M1)

2 2

OR ln = ln d OR ln(2x − 9)d
x x 2
ln(2x − 9) = ln = ln x
d 2x−9

2 2

= 2x − 9 OR = d OR (2x − 9)d A1
x x 2
= x
d 2x−9

x
2
− 2dx + 9d = 0 AG

[4 marks]

(b.ii) Hence show that d 2 − 9d > 0. [3]

 Markscheme

2
discriminant = (−2d) − 4 × 1 × 9d (A1)

recognizing discriminant > 0 (M1)

2 2
− 4 × 1 × 9d > 0 OR (2d) − 4 × 9d > 0 OR 4d A1
2
(−2d) − 36d > 0

d
2
− 9d > 0 AG

[3 marks]

(b.iii) Find the range of possible values of d. [2]

Markscheme

setting d(d − 9) > 0 OR d(d − 9) = 0 OR sketch graph

OR sign test OR d 2 > 9d (M1)

d < 0 or d > 9, but d ∈ R

+

d > 9 (or ] 9, ∞[) A1

[2 marks]

The following diagram shows part of the graphs of y = f (x) and y = g(x).

The graphs intersect at x = p and x = q, where p < q.

(c) In the case where d = 10. find the value of q − p. Express your answer in the form of a√b, where, a, b ∈ Z
+

. [5]

Markscheme

x
2
− 20x + 90 (= 0) A1

attempting to solve their 3 term quadratic equation (M1)

2
20±√ (−20) −4×1×90
2
((x − 10) − 10 = 0) or ((x =) )
2
 x = 10 − √10(= p) or x = 10 + √10(= q) (A1)

subtracting their values of x (M1)

distance = 2√ 10 A1

(a = 2, b = 10)

Note: Accept 1√40 OR √40.

[5 marks]

15. [Maximum mark: 5] 23N.1.AHL.TZ2.1

Consider the functions f (x) = x − 3 and g(x) = x
2
+ k
2
, where k is a real constant.

(a) Write down an expression for (g ∘ f )(x). [2]

Markscheme

attempt to form (g ∘ f )(x) (M1)

2
((g ∘ f )(x)) = (x − 3) + k
2
(= x
2
− 6x + 9 + k )
2
A1

[2 marks]

(b) Given that (g ∘ f )(2) = 10, find the possible values of k. [3]

Markscheme

substituting x = 2 into their (g ∘ f )(x) and setting their expression = 10 (M1)

2
(2 − 3) + k
2
= 10 OR 2
2
− 6(2) + 9 + k
2
= 10

k
2
= 9 (A1)

k = ±3 A1

[3 marks]

16. [Maximum mark: 5] 23N.2.AHL.TZ1.2

Consider the function f (x) = e
x
− 3x − 4.

(a) On the following axes, sketch the graph of f for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3.

 [3]

Markscheme

A1A1A1

Note: Award marks as follows:

 A1 for approximately correct roots, in the intervals −2 < x < − 1 and 2 < x < 3.

A1 for y-intercept AND local minimum in approximately correct positions. Allow for y-intercept −3. 5 < y < 2. 5, and

for local minimum 0. 5 < x < 1. 5, − 5 < y < − 4.

A1 for approximately correct endpoints, with the left end in the intervals −4. 5 < x < − 3. 5, 7. 5 < y < 8. 5

and the right end in the intervals 2. 5 < x < 3. 5, 6. 5 < y < 7. 5.

[3 marks]

The function g is defined by g(x) = e

2x
− 6x − 7.

(b) The graph of g is obtained from the graph of f by a horizontal stretch with scale factor k, followed by a vertical
translation of c units.

Find the value of k and the value of c. [2]

Markscheme

k =
1

2
A1

c = −3 (accept translate/shift 3 (units) down) A1

[2 marks]

17. [Maximum mark: 19] 23N.2.AHL.TZ1.11

2

Consider the function defined by f (x) , where x ∈ R, x ≠ −3.

x −14x+24

2x+6

(a) State the equation of the vertical asymptote on the graph of f . [1]

Markscheme

(vertical asymptote equation) x = − 3 A1

Note: Accept 2x + 6 = 0 or equivalent.

[1 mark]

(b) Find the coordinates of the points where the graph of f crosses the x-axis. [2]

Markscheme

(2, 0) and (12, 0) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for (2, 0) and A1 for (12, 0).

Award A1A0 if only x values are given.

[2 marks]

The graph of f also has an oblique asymptote of the form y = ax + b, where a, b ∈ Q.

(c) Find the value of a and the value of b. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

a =
1

2
A1

attempt at ‘long division’ on (M1)

x − 14x + 24

2x + 6

2
x − 14x + 24

2x + 6

=
1

2
x −
17

2
(+
…

2x + 6
) (A1)

b = −
17

2
A1

Note: Accept y =
1

2
x −
17

2
.

METHOD 2

a =
1

2
A1

(A1)
x − 14x + 24 1 c
≡ x + b +
2x + 6 2 2x + 6

2 1
x − 14x + 24 ≡ x(2x + 6) + b(2x + 6) + c
2

attempt to equate coefficients of x: (M1)

−14 = 3 + 2b

17
b = −
2

Note: Accept y =
1

2
x −
17

2
.

METHOD 3

1
a =
2
A1
2

(A1)
x − 14x + 24 1 −17 + 24
− x ≡
2x + 6 2 2x + 6

attempt to find the limit of f (x) − ax as x → ∞ (M1)

−17x + 24
b = lim
2x + 6
x→∞

= −
17

2
A1

Note: Accept y =
1

2
x −
17

2
.

[4 marks]

(d) Sketch the graph of f for −50 ≤ x ≤ 50, showing clearly the asymptotes and any intersections with the axes. [4]

Markscheme
 two branches with approximately correct shape (for −50 ≤ x ≤ 50) A1

Note: For this A1 the graph must be a function.

their vertical and oblique asymptotes in approximately correct positions with both branches showing correct asymptotic
behaviour to these asymptotes A1A1

Note: Award A1 for vertical asymptote and behaviour and A1 for oblique asymptote and behaviour. If only top half of the
graph seen only award A1A0 if both asymptotes and behaviour are seen.

their axes intercepts in approximately the correct positions A1

Note: Points of intersection with the axes and the equations of asymptotes do not need to be labelled. Ignore incorrect labels

[4 marks]

(e) Find the range of f . [4]

Markscheme

(−10 − 5√3 =) − 18. 6602 … OR (− 10 + 5√3 =) − 1. 33974 … seen anywhere (A1)

attempt to write the range using at least one value in an interval or an inequality in y or f (x) (M1)

y ≤ − 18. 7, y ≥ − 1. 34 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each inequality. Award A1A0 for strict inequalities in both.

Do not award FT from (d).

Accept equivalent set notation.

[4 marks]

(f ) Solve the inequality f (x) > x. [4]

Markscheme

(−10 − 2√ 31 =) − 21. 1355 … OR (−10 + 2√ 31 =)1. 13522 … seen anywhere (A1)

 x < − 21. 1, − 3 < x < 1. 14 A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for x < − 21. 1, A1 for correct endpoints of a single interval −3 and 1. 14 and for A1 for
−3 < x < 1. 14.

Do not award FT from (d).

Accept equivalent set notation.

[4 marks]

18. [Maximum mark: 7] 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.8

Part of the graph of a function, f , is shown in the following diagram. The graph of y = f (x) has a y-intercept at (0, 3), an x-

intercept at (a, 0) and a horizontal asymptote y = −2.

Consider the function g(x) = |f (|x|)|.

(a) On the following grid, sketch the graph of y = g(x), labelling any axis intercepts and giving the equation of the
asymptote.
 [4]

Markscheme

attempt to reflect f in the x OR y axis (M1)

A1A1A1

Note: For a curve with an approximately correct shaped right-hand branch, award:

A1 for correct asymptotic behaviour at y = 2 (either side)

A1 for correctly reflected RHS of the graph in the y-axis with smooth maximum at (0, 3).

A1 for labelled x-intercept at (−a, 0) and labelled asymptote at y = 2 with sharp points (cusps) at the x-intercepts.

[4 marks]

(b) 2
Find the possible values of k such that (g(x)) = k has exactly two solutions.
 [3]

Markscheme

k = 0 A1

4 ≤ k < 9 A2

Note: If final answer incorrect, award A1 for critical values 4 and 9 seen anywhere.

Exception to FT:
Award a maximum of A0A2FT if their graph from (a) is not symmetric about the y-axis.

[3 marks]

19. [Maximum mark: 7] 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.1

The function f is defined by f (x) for x ∈ R, x ≠ 2.
7x+7
=
2x−4

(a) Find the zero of f (x). [2]

Markscheme

recognizing f (x) = 0 (M1)

x = −1 A1

[2 marks]

(b) For the graph of y = f (x), write down the equation of

(b.i) the vertical asymptote; [1]

Markscheme

x = 2 (must be an equation with x) A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

y =
7

2
(must be an equation with y) A1
 [1 mark]

(c) Find f −1 (x), the inverse function of f (x). [3]

Markscheme

EITHER

interchanging x and y (M1)

2xy − 4x = 7y + 7

correct working with y terms on the same side: 2xy − 7y = 4x + 7 (A1)

OR

2yx − 4y = 7x + 7

correct working with x terms on the same side: 2yx − 7x = 4y + 7 (A1)

4y+7
interchanging x and y OR making x the subject x =
2y−7
(M1)

THEN

(or equivalent) A1
−1 4x+7 7
f (x) = (x ≠ )
2x−7 2

[3 marks]

20. [Maximum mark: 7] 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.5

The functions f and g are defined for x ∈ R by

f (x) = ax + b, where a, b ∈ Z

+ x + 3.
2
g(x) = x

Find the two possible functions f such that (g ∘ f )(x) = 4x

2
− 14x + 15.

[7]

Markscheme

attempts to form (g ∘ f )(x) (M1)

2 2
[f (x)] + f (x) + 3 OR (ax + b) + ax + b + 3

a x
2 2
+ 2abx + b
2
+ ax + b + 3(= 4x
2
− 14x + 15) (A1)

equates their corresponding terms to form at least one equation (M1)

 a x
2 2
= 4x
2
OR a
2
= 4 OR 2abx + ax = −14x OR 2ab + a = −14 OR b
2
+ b + 3 = 15

a = ±2 (seen anywhere) A1

attempt to use 2ab + a = −14 to pair the correct values (seen anywhere) (M1)

f (x) = 2x − 4 (accept a = 2 with b = −4), f (x) = −2x + 3 (accept a = −2 with b = 3) A1A1

[7 marks]

21. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.2

A function f is defined by f (x) = 1 −
1

x−2
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ 2.

(a) The graph of y = f (x) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote.

Write down the equation of

(a.i) the vertical asymptote; [1]

Markscheme

x = 2 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

y = 1 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the coordinates of the point where the graph of y = f (x) intersects

(b.i) the y-axis; [1]

Markscheme

3
(0,
2
) A1
 [1 mark]

(b.ii) the x-axis. [1]

Markscheme

(3, 0) A1

[1 mark]

(c) On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of y = f (x), showing all the features found in parts (a) and (b).

[1]

Markscheme
two correct branches with correct asymptotic behaviour and intercepts clearly shown A1

[1 mark]

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