3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

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Paper 1
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates

1 Magnesium reacts with steam.

Mg + H2O  MgO + H2

When 2.43 g of magnesium reacts with an excess of steam, the products are 4.03 g of
magnesium oxide and 0.20 g of hydrogen.

What is produced when 7.29 g of magnesium reacts with an excess of steam?

A 1.34 g of magnesium oxide and 0.07 g of hydrogen

B 4.03 g of magnesium oxide and 0.20 g of hydrogen
C 8.06 g of magnesium oxide and 0.40 g of hydrogen
D 12.09 g of magnesium oxide and 0.60 g of hydrogen

2 The equation for the combustion of methane is shown.

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Which mass of methane produces 36 g of water?

A 16 g B 18 g C 32 g D 64 g

3 In which state does 1 dm3 of methane contain the most particles?

A gas at 100 C
B gas at room temperature
C liquid
D solid
3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Paper 2
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates
unless indicated in the question

4 The equation for the thermal decomposition of sodium hydrogencarbonate is shown.

2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

The Mr of sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3, is 84.

The Mr of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is 106.

In an experiment, 2.1 g of sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated but not all of it decomposes. All of
the carbon dioxide is collected and measured at room temperature and pressure. The total
volume of carbon dioxide produced is 0.21 dm3.

The volume of 1 mole of a gas at room temperature and pressure is 24 dm3.

Which statement is correct? (extended only)

A The mass of sodium carbonate produced is 0.93 g.

B The mass of sodium carbonate produced is 1.33 g.
C The percentage yield of carbon dioxide is 10%.
D The percentage yield of carbon dioxide is 35%.

5 The equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and excess dilute hydrochloric acid is
shown.

Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

When 26.5 g of sodium carbonate reacts with excess dilute hydrochloric acid, what is the maximum
volume of carbon dioxide produced? (extended only)

A 6 dm3 B 12 dm3 C 18 dm3 D 24 dm3

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

6 A volumetric pipette is used to measure 25.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide into a
conical flask.

A burette is filled with dilute sulfuric acid.

dilute sulfuric acid

25.0 cm3 sodium hydroxide

and a few drops of indicator

The equation for the reaction is shown.

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

The reaction requires 50.0 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid to reach the end-point.

What is the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in mol / dm3? (extended only)

A 0.50 mol / dm3

B 1.0 mol / dm3

C 2.0 mol / dm3

D 4.0 mol / dm3

7 Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide.

The equation for the reaction is shown. The relative formula mass of calcium carbonate is 100.

CaCO3 + 2HCl  CaCl 2 + H2O + CO2

10 g of calcium carbonate is reacted with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid.

Which mass of carbon dioxide is produced? (extended only)

A 2.2 g B 2.8 g C 4.4 g D 44 g

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

7
86
9 4.55 g of zinc is reacted with 50 cm3 of 2.25 mol / dm3 dilute hydrochloric acid.

The equation for the reaction is shown. (extended only)

Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl 2 + H2

Which volume of hydrogen gas, at room temperature and pressure, is produced in the reaction?

A 1.35 dm3 B 1.67 dm3 C 2.70 dm3 D 3.34 dm3

9 The equation for the reaction between aqueous lead(II) nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride is
shown.

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaCl (aq)  PbCl 2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

If 100 cm3 of aqueous lead(II) nitrate of concentration 0.1 mol / dm3 is reacted with an excess of
aqueous sodium chloride, which mass of lead(II) chloride is obtained? (extended only)

A 1.16 g B 2.42 g C 2.78 g D 3.31 g

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Paper 4
Questions are applicable for extended candidates only

1 This question is about acids, bases and alkalis.

(g) Dilute nitric acid, HNO3(aq), reacts with aqueous calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2(aq), as shown.

2HNO3(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

20.0 cm3 of 0.0150 mol / dm3 Ca(OH)2(aq) reacts with 25.0 cm3 of HNO3(aq).

Calculate the concentration of HNO3(aq) in g / dm3.

Use the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of Ca(OH)2(aq) used.

.............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of HNO3(aq) which react with the Ca(OH)2(aq).

.............................. mol

● Calculate the concentration of HNO3(aq) in mol / dm3.

.............................. mol / dm3

● Calculate the concentration of HNO3(aq) in g / dm3.

.............................. g / dm3

[5]
3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

2 Copper is element 29 in the Periodic Table.

(e) Copper(II) oxide is formed when copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, is heated.

2Cu(NO3)2(s) → 2CuO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

(i) State the class of oxide to which copper(II) oxide belongs.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the meaning of the Roman numeral (II) in the name copper(II) oxide.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) 0.0200 moles of Cu(NO3)2 is heated.

Calculate the mass of 0.0200 moles of Cu(NO3)2.

mass = .............................. g [2]

(iv) Calculate the total volume of gas, in dm3 at r.t.p., produced when 0.0200 moles of
Cu(NO3)2 is heated.

volume = .............................. dm3 [2]

(v) Powdered aluminium reduces copper(II) oxide.

Write the symbol equation for this reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]
3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

3 Oxygen is produced by the decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide. Manganese(IV) oxide,

MnO2, is a catalyst for this reaction.

(d) The equation for the decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide, H2O2(aq), is shown.

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

50.0 cm3 of a 0.200 mol / dm3 solution of H2O2(aq) is used.

Calculate the mass of O2 that forms.

Use the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of H2O2 used.

.............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of O2 produced.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the mass of O2 produced.

.............................. g
[3]
3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

4 This question is about sodium and compounds of sodium.

(c) A student determines the concentration of a solution of dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, by titration
with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

step 1 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol / dm3 NaOH is transferred into a conical flask.

step 2 Three drops of methyl orange indicator are added to the conical flask.

step 3 A burette is filled with H2SO4.

step 4 The acid in the burette is added to the conical flask until the indicator changes colour.
The volume of acid is recorded. This process is known as titration.

step 5 The titration is repeated several times until a suitable number of results is obtained.

(iv) 20.0 cm3 of H2SO4 reacts with 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol / dm3 NaOH.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Calculate the concentration of H2SO4 using the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles in 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol / dm3 NaOH.

.............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of H2SO4 that react with the NaOH.

.............................. mol

● Calculate the concentration of H2SO4.

.............................. mol / dm3

[3]
3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

5 Potassium is a Group I element.

(c) When potassium is added to water, it reacts vigorously and a coloured flame is seen.
The equation for the reaction is shown.

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

(iv) Calculate the volume, in cm3, of hydrogen gas formed when 2.34 g of potassium is added
to excess water at room temperature and pressure.

Use the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of potassium added.

= .............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas formed.

= .............................. mol

● Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas formed.

volume = .............................. cm3

[3]
3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

6 (e) Calcium nitrate crystals are hydrated and have the formula Ca(NO3)2•xH2O where x is a whole
number of molecules of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

Ca(NO3)2•xH2O(s) → Ca(NO3)2(s) + xH2O(g)

(ii) The student heats a sample of Ca(NO3)2•xH2O and forms 2.46 g of Ca(NO3)2 and
0.0600 moles of H2O.

Determine the value of x. Use the following steps.

● Calculate the Mr of Ca(NO3)2.

Mr = ..............................

● Determine the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed.

moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed = ..............................

● Determine the value of x in Ca(NO3)2•xH2O.

x = ..............................
[3]