DRB Identification
DRB Identification
DRB Identification
from a fixed
plane. There are three types of rigid-body planar motion. In order of increasing complexity, they are: Translation,
Rotation, and General plane motion
Translation
Any straight line inside the body maintains the same orientation during the motion. In a translation, all of the
particles forming the body move along parallel paths. If these paths are straight lines, the motion is called rectilinear
translation. If the paths are curved lines, the motion is called curvilinear translation.
Angular Position - Angular position of r is defined by the angle 𝜃, measured from a fixed reference line to r.
Unit: rad
Angular Displacement - The change in the angular position, which can be measured as a differential d𝜃, is
called the angular displacement. Unit: rad
Many other types of plane motion can occur, i.e., motions in which all the particles of the body move in a single
plane. Any plane motion that is neither a rotation nor a translation is referred to as general plane motion. It can
always be considered as the sum of a translation and a rotation.
The mass moment of inertia is a measure of the resistance of a body to angular acceleration. Unit: kg-m^2, slug-ft^2
It is the integral of the “second moment” about an axis of all the elements of mass dm which compose the body.
Potential Energy
Potential energy is energy that has the potential to become another form of energy. An object’s potential energy
depends on its physical properties and position in a system.
Potential energy is one of the two main forms of energy, the other one is the kinetic energy.
Elastic Potential Energy - the energy stored in an elastic object when a force is applied to deform it. The
energy is stored as long as the force is present
Total potential energy - is just the sum of all potential energy existing in one body.
Conservation of Energy - This equation is referred to as the conservation of mechanical energy. It states that the sum
of the potential and kinetic energies of the body remains constant when the body moves from one position to
another.
The work-energy method eliminates acceleration in the problem by relating force, displacement and velocity. There
is another class of problems which relates force, velocity and time. This is particularly convenient when forces act for
very small time intervals during which the forces may vary, as in an impact or sudden blow. Such problems are
conveniently solved by means of impulse-momentum method.
Impulse and momentum is also applicable for motion of translation, rotation and plane motion.
In plane motion, the impulse-momentum method combines the translation and rotation component of motion. The
resultant linear impulse is equal to the change of linear momentum and the resultant angular impulse is equal to the
change of angular momentum.
Conservation of Momentum
As is the case with systems of particles, the linear momentum for a rigid body (or system of rigid bodies) is conserved
when the linear impulse of the external forces is zero. Similarly, the angular momentum of a rigid body (or system of
rigid bodies) about a point is conserved when the angular impulse of the external forces about that point is zero.
Eccentric Impact
When two elastic bodies collide, they deformed at first, then they spring apart because of the action of restoring
elastic forces. The equation of conservation of momentum maybe applied to express one relation between the
unknown final velocities of bodies.
Another relation will be obtained which is the coefficient of restitution (𝑒) that is defined as the ratio of relative
velocities of colliding bodies after impact to their relative velocities before impact.