TYPES OF MOVEMENT

Movement is the action and effect of moving or moving . In physics, it

is considered as the change in position that a body or object
experiences with respect to a reference point in a given time .

. A Uniform Rectilinear Motion is a phenomenon in

which three variables come together to write a constant displacement, in
a non-deformable straight line and without any type of acceleration.

CURVILINEAR
MOVEMENT , A curve , for its part, is something that continuously
moves away from the straight direction, without creating an angle.
The angle formed by curved lines is called a curvilinear angle , in

this framework.

OSCILLATORY MOVEMENT that of a mobile phone that passes through

the same positions for a certain instant.
 Rectilinear motion with varied acceleration is the movement of a
particle or solid body along a straight line at non-constant speed and
acceleration .

Speed
Unlike uniform rectilinear motion (MRU) and uniformly accelerated
rectilinear motion (MRUA), there is no formula that generalizes the
velocity at all points of the movement trajectory . We can calculate the
average speed and instantaneous speed :
The average speed is the ratio of the increase in displacement and
the increase in time.

The instantaneous speed is calculated from the limit of the length

traveled divided by the increase in time at instant t .
1
Pendulum movement.- It is the movement that can be observed by
placing a body hanging from a thread or rope that oscillates
periodically, repeating the variables of the movement during a
certain period of time having a quasi-harmonic movement, this
type of movement has some movement variants.

Parabolic movement.- Parabolic movement is that carried out by

objects whose trajectory describes a parabola, it is the “ideal”
movement of an object (projectile) that moves in an environment in
which there is no resistance to advance and being subject to a
uniform and constant gravitational field.

Motion of a rigid solid.- It refers to the type of motion that occurs in

solids where its particles move together, in such a way that the
relative distances between the particles.

Relative motion
Movement is always a relative concept because it must refer to a particular reference or
referential system chosen by the observer.

EXAMPLE

A particle is in motion in a reference if its position with respect to it changes over time;
Otherwise, the particle is at rest in said reference. From these definitions, we see that
both the concept of movement and rest are relative. Thus, the passenger who is seated
in a railway car is at rest with respect to the car; but since the train is moving with
respect to the Earth, the passenger is in motion with respect to the trees that he
observes from the train. In turn, these trees are at rest with respect to the Earth, but in
motion with respect to the train passenger.

ABSOLUTE MOVEMENT

. It is that movement that exists independently of any relationship or comparison, such

as the mass of a body, which is an absolute value because it does not depend on the
place where it is located.

ACCELERATED MOVEMENT
It is when the acceleration is not constant, and when it is negative it is called delayed
uniform

If a body moves with constant speed, it is because the magnitude does not change, but the
direction or sense of movement could change, which implies a change in speed. However, if
the speed is assumed to be constant they will not be able to change any of its properties.
That is, neither the magnitude, nor the direction, nor the direction of the speed will be able
to change.
 Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Movement
In this type of movement, a force that can be external or internal acts on the
particle or object. We can study some common examples
In this movement the speed is variable, it never remains constant; What is constant is the
acceleration.

We will understand acceleration as the variation of speed with respect to time. This change
could be in magnitude, direction or both.

There are two types of movement, characterized by their trajectory, in this category:

1. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, in which the trajectory is rectilinear, which occurs
when the acceleration and the initial velocity have the same direction.
2. Parabolic motion, in which the trajectory described is a parabola, which occurs when the
acceleration and the initial velocity do not have the same direction.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOVEMENT

1.- A particle oscillates with a simple harmonic motion in such a way that its
displacement varies according to the expression x= 5 cos (2 t +π /6) Where x
is in cm and t in s. At t =0 find

 the displacement,
 its speed,
 its acceleration.
 Determine the period and amplitude of the movement.

SOLUTION

2.- A particle of mass 300 g is attached to an elastic spring with constant k =

43.2 N/m and describes a simple harmonic motion of 20 cm amplitude.
Knowing that at instant t =0 it is 10 cm from the origin moving to the left,
determine:

 The equations of position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time.

SOLUTION

3.- A body is attached to a horizontal spring of constant k =5 N/m. The spring

is lengthened by 10 cm and released at the initial instant t =0. Find:

 the frequency, period and amplitude of the movement. Write the MAS
equation
 At what instant does the body pass through the equilibrium position for
the first time?
4 - A particle of mass m =500 g is attached to a spring of constant k =200
N/m. The mass is displaced 2 cm from the equilibrium position, and at the
initial instant t =0, it is given a speed of 100 cm/.

5.- A torsion pendulum consists of a rod of mass 100 g and 30 cm in length.

The rod passes through the center of two equal spheres of radius 150 g and 5
cm, located symmetrically so that the center of the spheres is 10 cm away. cm
of the axis of rotation.

 Knowing that the period of oscillation is 2.4 s, calculate the spring

torsion constant K.
 If at the initial instant t =0 the pendulum moves θ π/6 from the
equilibrium position and is released (zero initial speed).

Undulatory
That of a body that moves alternately towards one part and another of
its original fixed position.

Special moves

Freefall
Any body released from a certain height is attracted by the gravitational force
exerted by the Earth and falls towards the ground following a straight path. This
movement is called free fall and is a particular example of uniformly accelerated
rectilinear movement.
If we neglect the effects of air on the fall of bodies, all bodies fall with a constant
acceleration , regardless of their mass, shape or size.

The value of the acceleration of gravity depends on where on Earth it is measured.

Thus, the farther a body is from the center of the Earth, the lower the acceleration
due to gravity. The average value of the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's
surface is 9.8 m/s2 .

Movement description

Describing a movement is knowing where a mobile phone is with respect to a

reference system at each moment. This description is made through the following
elements:

Trajectory: it is the figure formed by the different points that it occupies as time
passes. If the path is a straight line, the movement is rectilinear. If it is a curve, it is
curvilinear.

Position (P): It is the place where the mobile phone is located, with respect to a
specific reference system.

to. Initial position: Corresponds to the vector between the reference system and
the starting point of a mobile. The initial position is the vector that indicates the
point where the movement began.

b. Final position . It corresponds to the vector between the origin of a coordinate

system and the arrival point of the mobile. The final position is the vector that
indicates the point where the movement began.

5.3- Displacement: is the variation that a mobile experiences between the starting
point and the arrival point. This vector indicates the change in position of the mobile
between the initial and final points of its movement, independent of the trajectory
used.
The trajectory of the solid.

Translation: All points of the solid describe parallel paths, not

necessarily straight.

Rotation: All points of the solid describe concentric circular

paths.

The direction of movement.

If the direction of the movement changes, the movement

described is called reciprocating if it is on a rectilinear path or
pendular if it is on a circular path (an arc of a circle).

Speed.

Uniform movement: The speed of movement is constant.

Uniformly varied movement: The acceleration is constant (if

negative delayed, if positive accelerated) as is the case of
bodies in free fall subjected to the acceleration of gravity.

Movement characteristics:
Newton's laws understand and explain concepts such as:
 Position.- This is the place where an object is located, and it is
known that there is movement when it changes location from one
point to another.
 Trajectory.- This is an imaginary line that corresponds to the
displacement of a body, it is governed by geometric principles.

 Distance.- This is the space traveled by the body in motion,

varying by force and direction.

Speed.- We can define speed as the measure that explains the speed
at which an object moves.


 Acceleration.- This term is applied in physics to express the
increase or decrease in speed, changes in speed or changes in
deceleration.

 Force.- This is a phenomenon that, through Newton's research,

has been defined as Newton's measurement, expressed with the
letter ( N ), and corresponds to the magnitude that measures the
intensity of the movement in its linear exchange, that is, it is
capable of altering the amount of movement in bodies.

 Energy.- Energy is the direct force that is reserved in objects to do

work; energy can be highlighted because it is not a tangible
material.
CONCLUSION

Movement is given in all forms by human beings as well as things that can
be in motion, movement is a natural element in the person.
As we already know that there are several elements such as trajectory,
distance, etc.
Movement occurs from one place to another.