Week 1

Object-Oriented Programming
(in Java)

Dr. Nehad Ramaha,

Computer Engineering Department
Karabük Universities 1
The class notes are a compilation and edition from many sources. The instructor does not claim intellectual property or ownership of the lecture notes.
 Week1 : Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
L1, L2 Week2 : Introduction to Classes: Declaring a class and initializing an object
Week3: Introduction to Classes: Class Constructors, UML
L3, L4
Week4 : OOP in Java: OOP Concepts: Encapsulation + (Exception handling).
Week5 : OOP in Java : Static methods, Nested Classes, Enum types, Deeper in
L5, L6 classes
Week6 :Deeper in Classes: this() method & toString() + Examples
Week7 : Deeper in Classes: Working with multiple classes
L7, L8
Week8 :OOP Concepts: Inheritance
Week9 : OOP Concepts: Polymorphism
L9, L10
Week10: OOP Concepts: Abstraction => Interfaces, Multiple inheritance
Week11:Java Collections Framework: Lists
L11, L12
Week12: Java Collections Framework: Set & Map
Week13: GUI using NetBeans
L13, L14
Week14: GUI-2
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 Precaution
 Installing IDE for Java
 Computer Languages
 Fundamental concepts:
◦ Classes
◦ Objects
◦ Instance
◦ OOP concepts

CPE207 OOP 3
1. Attendance:
◦ 5 times absence will prevent you to take final and makeup
exam.
2. Evaluation:
◦ Midterm %40, Final exam %50, Project +%10

CPE207 OOP 4
This course enables the students to know about
1. Classes & Objects
2. Object Oriented concepts, Java language
◦ Inheritance,
◦ Polymorphism,
◦ Abstraction,
◦ Encapsulation

CPE207 OOP 5
Computers understand only Machine Language

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7
 The fundamental language of the computer’s
processor, also called Low Level Language.
 All programs are converted into machine
language before they can be executed.
 Consists of combination of 0’s and 1’s that
represent high and low electrical voltage.

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 A low level language that is similar to machine
language.
 Uses symbolic operation code to represent the
machine operation code.

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 Computer (programming) languages that are easier to
learn.
 Uses English like statements.
 there are hundreds of high level programming
languages, following are a few of them:
 Java
 C
 C++
 Python
 PHP
 Perl
 Ruby

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 You eventually need to convert your program
into machine language so that the computer
can understand it.
 There are two ways to do this:
 Compile the program.
 Interpret the program.

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 Compile is to transform a program written in
a high-level programming language from
source code into object code.
 This can be done by using a tool called
compiler.
 A compiler reads the whole source code and
translates it into a complete machine code
program to perform the required tasks which
is output as a new file.

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 Interpreter is a program that executes
instructions written in a high-level language.
 An interpreter reads the source code one
instruction or line at a time, converts this line
into machine code and executes it.

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 Java is a popular programming language, created in
1995.
 It is owned by Oracle, and more than 3 billion devices
run Java.
 It is used for:
◦ Mobile applications (specially Android apps)
◦ Desktop applications
◦ Web applications
◦ Web servers and application servers
◦ Games
◦ Database connection
◦ And much, much more!

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 Java works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux,
Raspberry Pi, etc.)
 It is one of the most popular programming language in the world
 It is easy to learn and simple to use
 It is open-source and free
 It is secure, fast and powerful
 It has a huge community support (tens of millions of developers)
 Java is an object oriented language which gives a clear structure
to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering
development costs
 As Java is close to C++ and C#, it makes it easy for programmers
to switch to Java or vice versa

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 To check if you have Java installed on a Windows
PC, search in the start bar for Java or type the
following in Command Prompt (cmd.exe):
◦ java -version

 If you do not have Java installed on your

computer, you can download it for free at
oracle.com.

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 Install JDK 8u111 with
NetBeans 8.2
◦ Use the following link
(https://www.oracle.com/te
chnetwork/java/javase/dow
nloads/jdk-netbeans-jsp-
3413139-esa.html)

 Or simply Google it!

 Choose Windows x64 and

install

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 In Java, every application begins with a class name, and that class must
match the filename.
 Let's create our first Java file, called Main.java, which can be done in any
text editor (like Notepad).

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}

Save the code in Notepad as "Main.java".

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  Open Command Prompt
(cmd.exe), navigate to the
directory where you saved your
file, and type:
◦ javac Main.java
 This will compile your code. If
there are no errors in the code,
the command prompt will take
you to the next line. Now, to
run the file type:
◦ java Main

The JVM takes the byte code and generates

machine code.

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 Java Standard Edition (SE) contains the capabilities needed
to develop desktop and server applications.
 The Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) is geared toward
developing large-scale, distributed networking
applications and web-based applications.
 Java Micro Edition (Java ME) a subset of Java SE. geared
toward developing applications for resource-constrained
embedded devices, such as:
◦ Smart watches
◦ MP3 players
◦ television set-top boxes
◦ smart meters (for monitoring electric energy usage)
◦ and more.

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Need for OOP

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 POP OOP
 Main focus is on "how  Main focus is on 'data
to get the task done" security'. Hence, only
i.e. on the procedure
or structure of a objects are permitted to
program access the entities of a
 Large program is class.
divided into  Entire program is divided
functions(methods) into objects.
 C, VB, FORTRAN,  C++, JAVA, C#,
Pascal Objective-C, phyton

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 function = method

POP OOP

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 Objects (comes from classes) are reusable.
◦ Date, time, audio, video, automobile, people objects,
etc.
◦ Almost any noun can be represented as an object in
terms of
 attributes (e.g., name, color and size) and
 behaviors (e.g., calculating, moving and communicating).

 Object-oriented design approach is much more

productive than with earlier popular techniques
like “structured programming”
 Object-oriented programs are often easier to
understand, correct and modify.
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 Class − A class is a blueprint or
template or set of instructions to
build a specific type of object

 Object- An object is a component

that contains attributes and
behaviors needed to make a
certain type of data useful.

 Instance- An instance is a specific

object built from a specific class

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 Objects have
 attributes (e.g., name, color and size) and (variables)
 behaviors (e.g., calculating, moving and communicating). (methods)
 A car has attributes
◦ Color, its number of doors, the amount of gas in its tank, its
current speed and its record of total miles driven (i.e., its
odometer reading).
◦ The car’s attributes are represented as part of its design in
its engineering diagrams.
 Every car maintains its own attributes.
 methods are used to perform some tasks of the
objects.

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 Just as someone has to build a car from its
engineering drawings before you can actually
drive a car, you must build an object of a
class before a program can perform the tasks
that the class’s methods define.
 An object is then referred to as an instance of
its class.

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 A class is a blueprint from which individual objects are created.

public class Dog {

String breed;
variables

int age;
String color; attributes public class JavaApplication1 {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
void bark() {}
methods

Dog dog = new Dog();

void hunger() {}
void sleep() {} behaviors dog.bark();
}
} }

Object: An instance of Dog class Method call

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 Another Example: Car class Behaviours
Attributes
StartEngine
Model

Color Drive

Year Stop

Price

This Car class can be reused many times to build many cars, you can reuse a class
many times to build many objects.
Reuse of existing classes when building new classes and programs saves time and
effort.

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 https://sites.google.com/view/oopinjava

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