Java Applet
Applet is a special type of program that is embedded in the
webpage to generate the dynamic content. It runs inside the
browser and works at client side.
Advantage of Applet
There are many advantages of applet. They are as follows:
o It works at client side so less response time.
o Secured
o It can be executed by browsers running under many
platforms, including Linux, Windows, Mac Os etc.
Drawback of Applet
o Plugin is required at client browser to execute applet.
Do You Know
o Who is responsible to manage the life cycle of an applet?
o How to perform animation in applet?
o How to paint like paint brush in applet?
o How to display digital clock in applet?
o How to display analog clock in applet?
o How to communicate two applets?
Hierarchy of Applet
As displayed in the above diagram, Applet class extends Panel. Panel
class extends Container which is the subclass of Component.
Lifecycle of Java Applet
1. Applet is initialized.
2. Applet is started.
3. Applet is painted.
4. Applet is stopped.
5. Applet is destroyed.
Lifecycle methods for Applet:
The java.applet.Applet class 4 life cycle methods and
java.awt.Component class provides 1 life cycle methods for an
applet.
java.applet.Applet class
For creating any applet java.applet.Applet class must be
inherited. It provides 4 life cycle methods of applet.
1. public void init(): is used to initialized the Applet. It is
invoked only once.
2. public void start(): is invoked after the init() method or
browser is maximized. It is used to start the Applet.
3. public void stop(): is used to stop the Applet. It is invoked
when Applet is stop or browser is minimized.
4. public void destroy(): is used to destroy the Applet. It is
invoked only once.
java.awt.Component class
The Component class provides 1 life cycle method of applet.
1. public void paint(Graphics g): is used to paint the Applet.
It provides Graphics class object that can be used for
drawing oval, rectangle, arc etc.
Who is responsible to manage the life cycle of an applet?
Java Plug-in software.
How to run an Applet?
There are two ways to run an applet
1. By html file.
2. By appletViewer tool (for testing purpose).
Simple example of Applet by html file:
To execute the applet by html file, create an applet and compile
it. After that create an html file and place the applet code in
html file. Now click the html file.
1. //First.java
2. import java.applet.Applet;
3. import java.awt.Graphics;
4. public class First extends Applet{
5.
6. public void paint(Graphics g){
7. g.drawString("welcome",150,150);
8. }
9.
10. }
Note: class must be public because its object is created by Java
Plugin software that resides on the browser.
myapplet.html
1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300">
4. </applet>
5. </body>
6. </html>
Simple example of Applet by appletviewer tool:
To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, create an applet
that contains applet tag in comment and compile it. After that
run it by: appletviewer First.java. Now Html file is not required
but it is for testing purpose only.
1. //First.java
2. import java.applet.Applet;
3. import java.awt.Graphics;
4. public class First extends Applet{
5.
6. public void paint(Graphics g){
7. g.drawString("welcome to applet",150,150);
8. }
9.
10. }
11. /*
12. <applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300">
13. </applet>
14. */
To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, write in command
prompt:
c:\>javac First.java
c:\>appletviewer First.java
