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20 - Data Structure - Interpolation Search

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16 views

20 - Data Structure - Interpolation Search

Uploaded by

laraib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Structure - Interpolation

Search

Bhabani Shankar Pradhan


Interpolation search is an improved variant of binary search. This search
algorithm works on the probing position of the required value. For this
algorithm to work properly, the data collection should be in a sorted form and
equally distributed.

Binary search has a huge advantage of time complexity over linear search.
Linear search has worst-case complexity of Ο(n) whereas binary search has
Ο(log n).

There are cases where the location of target data may be known in advance.
For example, in case of a telephone directory, if we want to search the
telephone number of Morphius. Here, linear search and even binary search will
seem slow as we can directly jump to memory space where the names start
from 'M' are stored.

Positioning in Binary Search

In binary search, if the desired data is not found then the rest of the list is
divided in two parts, lower and higher. The search is carried out in either of
them.

Even when the data is sorted, binary search does not take advantage to probe
the position of the desired data.

Position Probing in Interpolation Search

Interpolation search finds a particular item by computing the probe position.


Initially, the probe position is the position of the middle most item of the
collection.
If a match occurs, then the index of the item is returned. To split the list into
two parts, we use the following method −

mid = Lo + ((Hi - Lo) / (A[Hi] - A[Lo])) * (X - A[Lo])

Where −

A = list

Lo = Lowest index of the list

Hi = Highest index of the list

A[n] = Value stored at index n in the list

If the middle item is greater than the item, then the probe position is again
calculated in the sub-array to the right of the middle item. Otherwise, the item
is searched in the subarray to the left of the middle item. This process
continues on the sub-array as well until the size of subarray reduces to zero.

Runtime complexity of interpolation search algorithm is Ο(log (log n)) as


compared to Ο(log n) of BST in favorable situations.

Algorithm

As it is an improvisation of the existing BST algorithm, we are mentioning the


steps to search the 'target' data value index, using position probing −

Step 1 − Start searching data from middle of the list.

Step 2 − If it is a match, return the index of the item, and exit.


Step 3 − If it is not a match, probe position.

Step 4 − Divide the list using probing formula and find the new midle.

Step 5 − If data is greater than middle, search in higher sub-list.

Step 6 − If data is smaller than middle, search in lower sub-list.

Step 7 − Repeat until match.

Pseudocode

A → Array list

N → Size of A

X → Target Value

Procedure Interpolation_Search()

Set Lo → 0

Set Mid → -1

Set Hi → N-1

While X does not match

if Lo equals to Hi OR A[Lo] equals to A[Hi]


EXIT: Failure, Target not found

end if

Set Mid = Lo + ((Hi - Lo) / (A[Hi] - A[Lo])) * (X - A[Lo])

if A[Mid] = X

EXIT: Success, Target found at Mid

else

if A[Mid] < X

Set Lo to Mid+1

else if A[Mid] > X

Set Hi to Mid-1

end if

end if

End While

End Procedure

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