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A Micro Project Report On

Transformer protection scheme using Generator

Submitted By
Group no. 07

Under Guidance of
Ms. Kavita P. Kashyap

In the Partial Fulfillment of Fifth Semester of

Diploma in Electrical Engineering

(As per directives of I Scheme , MSBTE)

Government Polytechnic Gadchiroli

MIDC ROAD, GADCHIROLI -442605

Affiliated to

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical
Education

Academic Year- 2024-2025

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Maharashtra State Board of technical

Education Certificate

This is to certify that Mr/Ms. ( Prajwal A. Shahare, Chetan S.

Gahane, Vrushal D. Karwade, Bhushan R. Nikure, Noopur C.
Rana
) of Fifth Semester of Diploma in Electrical Engineering of
Institute Government Polytechnic Gadchiroli (Code: 0119) has
successfully completed the Micro-Project in Switchgear And
Protection (22524) for the academic year 2024 -2025.

Place: GPG, Gadchiroli Date: / / 2024

Ms. Kavita P. Kashyap Mr. M. C. Musale

Course Teacher Head of Department

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ANNEXURE- I
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Part A-Micro-project proposal

1.0 BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

Transformer protection schemes are vital for ensuring the reliability and safety of
electrical systems, especially when interfacing with generators. These schemes are
designed to detect and isolate faults such as short circuits, overloads, and ground faults.
Common protection methods include overcurrent protection, differential protection, and
earth fault protection. Effective coordination between transformer and generator
protection is essential to prevent damage and maintain system stability. Regular testing
and adherence to electrical standards further enhance the effectiveness of these protective
measures.

2.0 AIM OF THE PROJECT:

The aim of a transformer protection scheme using generators is to ensure the safe and
reliable operation of electrical systems

3.0 INTENTED COURSE OUTCOME:

 Understanding Fault Types: Students will be able to identify and explain various
electrical faults that can affect transformers and generators.Protection Scheme
 Design: Students will learn to design effective transformer protection schemes that
incorporate different protection methods, ensuring reliability and safety.
 Coordination of Protections: Students will understand how to coordinate protection
settings between transformers and generators to optimize system performance.

4.0 LITERATURE REVIEW:

The literature underscores the importance of comprehensive transformer protection
schemes that integrate various methods and technologies. Continued research and
development in this area are essential to address the evolving challenges in electrical
systems, particularly as they relate to the interaction between transformers and generators.

5.0 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY:

 Relay Selection and Configuration

 Choose Protection Relays: Select digital relays that offer advanced features such as
communication capabilities and event logging.

 Configure Settings: Set parameters for selected relays, including time delays, current
thresholds, and fault detection settings.

 Testing and ValidationDevelop Testing Plan: Create a detailed testing plan that includes
functional testing, calibration, and verification of relay settings.

 Field Testing: Implement testing in real-world conditions to ensure that the protection
schemes function as intended.

 Maintenance StrategyEstablish Maintenance Protocols: Develop regular maintenance and

inspection schedules to ensure ongoing reliability of protection systems.

 Training: Provide training for operational staff on the functionality and troubleshooting of
the protection systems.
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6.0 RESOURCES REQUIRED:

Sr.No. Name of Resource Required Specification

1 Human Resources Electrical Engineers Human Resources
Electrical Engineers
2 Software Tools Software Tools

3 Hardware Components Hardware Components

4 Testing Equipment Testing Equipment

5 Laptop

7.0 ACTION PLAN:

Date
SR.NO. DETAIL OF ACTIVITY
1 Discussion and finalization of topic 12-07-2024

18-07-2024
2 Prepare ationand submission of Abstract

3 Literature Review 25-07-2024

18-0-2024
4 Collection of Data
5 Discussion and outline of Content 29-08-2024
6 Editing and pro of Reading of Content 08-09-2024

28-09-2024
7 Compilation of Report and Presentation
20-10-2024
8 Final submission of Micro Project

8.0 GROUP MEMBERS:

Sr. No. Name of student Enrollment No. Roll No.

01 Prajwal A. Shahare 23310230272 31
02 Chetan S. Gahane 23310230274 32
03 Vrushal D. Karwade 2201190113 33
04 Bhushan R. Nikure 2201190 114 34
05 Noopur C. Rana 2201190120 35
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ANNEXURE II
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Part B –Micro Project

1.0 Rationale
Designing an effective transformer protection scheme when interfacing with
generators is crucial for ensuring reliability and safety. Below are the key
rationales for implementing such a protection scheme

2.0 Actual Method Followed

Implementing a transformer protection scheme when connected to a generator
involves several practical steps and methodologies. Here’s a breakdown of the
actual methods commonly used:
 Protection Relay SelectionDifferential Protection Relays: Install
differential relays that continuously monitor the current entering and
exiting the transformer. They are set to trip if the difference exceeds a
predefined threshold.
 Overcurrent Relays: Use both instantaneous and time-delayed overcurrent
relays to provide primary and backup protection against overloads and
short circuits.
 Ground Fault ProtectionEarth Fault Relays: Implement earth fault
protection using relays that monitor leakage currents to ground. These
relays should be set to trip when currents exceed specified levels.
 Temperature MonitoringWinding Temperature Indicators (WTI): Install
temperature sensors in the windings to monitor operational temperatures.
Set alarm and trip levels based on manufacturer specifications.
 Oil Temperature Indicators (OTI): For oil-filled transformers, include OTI
to monitor oil temperature, which is critical for cooling.

3.0 Actual Resources Used

Sr.No. Name of Resource Required Specification

1 Human Resources Electrical Engineers Human Resources
Electrical Engineers
2 Software Tools Software Tools
3 Hardware Components Hardware Components
4 Testing Equipment Testing Equipment
5 Laptop
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ANNEXURE-III
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Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2024-2025 Name of the Faculty: Ms. Kavita P. Kashyap

Course : SAP Course Code: 22524
Semester: Fifth

Title of the Project : Transformer Protection Scheme Using Generator.

Cos addressed by Micro Project:

These outcomes can help students gain a thorough understanding of transformer
protection schemes and their practical applications.

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project

(a) Practical outcome: : Maintain Protection Systemes Of Alternators and Transformer.

(b)Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain

Simulate Differnetial Protection Scheme For Transformer On the Power System.
(c) Outcomes in Affective domain:
 Function as team member.

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication (if

any) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Roll Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4 for

No Name of the Student for performance performancein Total Marks
in group activity oral/ presentation out of 10
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
31 Prajwal A. Shahare
32 Chetan S. Gahane
33 Vrushal D. Karwade
34 Bhushan R. Nikure
35 Noopur C. Rana

(Name & Signature)

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ANNEXURE-IV
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WEEKLY PROGRESS

REPORT MICROPROJECT

SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN DATE

OF
GUIDE
12-07-2024
1. 1st Discussion And Finalization Of Topic
18-07-2024
2. 2nd Preparation And Submission Of Abstract
25-07-2024
3. 3rd Collection Of Data
18-08-2024
4. 4th Discussion And Out Line Of Content
29-08-2024
5. 5th Formulation Of Content
08-09-2024
6. 6th Editing And Proof Reading Of Content
28-09-2024
7. 7th Compilation Of Report
20-10-2024
8. 8th Seminar/ Viva
20-10-2024
9. 9th Final Submission Of Micro Project
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Protection Schemes And Relay Selectiom

This technical article shows application hints for typical transformer protection schemes
where SIPROTEC 4 relays are used. Some of applications are small and large transformer
infeed, dual infeed with single transformer, parallel incoming transformer feeders, and others
like parallel incoming transformer feeders with bus tie.

Transformer Protection Types

Transformer protection basically divided into two types. One is Electrical Protection and it is
designed based on Electrical parameters like Current, Voltage, Frequency, and Impedance.
The second type of protection is Mechanical Protection and it is designed based on
Mechanical parameters like Temperature, Pressure, Density, etc.

1. Transformer-Electrical Protection Types:

 Over Current/Earth Fault-50/51Protection
 Under Impedance/Distance relay Protection-21
 Differential Current Protection-87
 Restricted Earth fault Protection-64H
 Three Phase Overload Protection-49
 Over Fluxing Protection-24
 Over Voltage-59/Under Voltage-27 Protection

2. Transformer-Mechanical Protection Types:

 Oil Temperature Indicator-26
 Winding Temperature Indicator-49
 Oil Pressure Relief-PRV-63PRD
 Gas Accumulation using Gas Accumulation Relay (Buchholz Relay)-63
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Transformer Electrical Protection:

Over Current/Earth Fault Protection:
HRC fuses are used for small transformers rating below 10 MVA. Above that overcurrent
relays are used as primary protection if differential protection is not used. If differential
protection is used Overcurrent protection is used as backup protection.
Overcurrent Earth fault protection operates when the current in any one of the phases is
exceed the maximum value of the setting.
Protection Of Transformer Application

Transformers are used in a variety of applications,

 Including power generation,
 Transmission and distribution,
 Lighting, audio systems, and
 Eectronic equipment.
Power generation: Transformers are used in power plants to increase the voltage of the
electricity generated by the plant before it is sent to the grid.