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    1.

    Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalized because firstly, they follow a


    different culture, language and traditions from mainstream Indian society which
    leads us to wrongfully classify them as exotic, primitive and backward. Secondly,
    they are used to a way of life close to nature and with the cutting down of forests
    they are being forced to migrate to urban areas where they feel out of place and
    not in sync with a lifestyle so vastly different from their countryside background.

    2. A ghetto is an area or locality that is populated largely by members of a


    particular community. Ghettoisation refers to the process that leads to such a
    situation. This may occur due to various social, cultural and economic reasons.
    Fear or hostility may also compel a community to group together as they feel more
    secure living amongst their own. Often a ‘ghettoised’ community has few options of
    moving out, which may lead to them becoming alienated from the rest of the society.

    3. Muslims are 13.4 % of India’s population. They have limited access to education
    and lack necessities such as water and electricity. In public employment, they
    always lag behind other communities. The government is committed to improving the
    requirements of the Muslim community. It set up a high-level committee in 2005 to
    analyze the social, economic, and educational status of the Muslim Community in
    India. The report suggested that the situation of the Muslim community is
    comparable to the total of other marginalized communities. Muslim customs and
    practices, such as wearing a burqa, distinguish them from others. These differences
    between others and Muslims lead to the unfair treatment faced by the Muslim
    community.

    4. Marginalization implies having a low social status and a consequent lack of


    access to education and other resources. Social marginalization, as seen in the
    case of the Muslim community, is based on how their traditions, culture, and dress
    make Muslims identify as different from us. This sometimes leads to unfair inequity
    based on religious differences. As a result, minority groups may find it difficult
    to rent houses, procure jobs or even send their children to schools. This is
    economic marginalization. Thus, economic and social marginalizations are
    interconnected.

    5. Adivasis live in areas that are rich in minerals and other natural resources.
    Thus, many powerful forces often conspire to take over tribal land. Most of the
    time, they are removed forcibly from their land. According to official figures,
    more than 50 percent of persons displaced due to mines and mining projects are
    tribals. Losing their lands and access to the forest means that tribals lose their
    sources of livelihood and food. As a result, many Adivasis migrate to cities to
    seek employment, where they work for low wages in local industries or building or
    construction sites. They, thus, get caught in a cycle of poverty and deprivation.
    Therefore, the development of other societies affects the lives of Adivasis badly.

    6. In a social environment, some small groups of people or communities may have the
    experience of being marginalized. This sense of difference and exclusion leads to
    communities not having access to resources or opportunities and their inability to
    assert their rights. Economic, social, cultural, and political factors all conspire
    to make minorities feel marginalized. If the majority culture influences how the
    entire society expresses itself, then the cultures of the minorities will be
    excluded, leading to the marginalization of the minor communities. Thus, some
    safeguards protect minority communities against being culturally dominated by the
    majority. They also protect them against any discrimination and disadvantages that
    they may face.

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