Acknowledgement

I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt obligation towards all those who have helped me in making
this project. Without their active guidance, help, cooperation and encouragement, I would not have been
able to present the project on time.

I am extremely thankful and pay my sincere gratitude to my teacher P.Bhuvaneswary for her valuable
guidance and support for completion of this project.

I extend my heartfelt thanks to my Incharge Mr. Senthil Coumar for his moral support for the completion of
this project

I extend my sincere gratitude to my Principal Mr. Nadesan Kangeyan for the moral support extended
during tenure of this project.

I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents, other faculty
members of the school and friends for their valuable suggestions given to me in completing the project.

Date:
Place: Signature of the Student

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work on Healing power of Homoeopathy based on the curriculum of
CBSE has been completed by S.Dakshin Jotinaathan of Class-XII of Aditya Vidyashram Residential
School, Pondicherry.

The above mentioned project work has been completed under my guidance during the academic year
2023-2024.

Signature of the Guide Teacher

SAMRAKSHANA
The Total Protection With Affection
ADITYA VIDYASHRAM RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL
Poraiyur, Villianur, Puducherry 605110

CBSE AISSCE : XII 2023 - 2024

ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

ENGLISH CORE (301)
Project
CERTIFICATE

Name : S.Dakshin Jotinaathan Std & Sec : XII-A

Registration Number

Title of the Project: Healing power of Homoeopathy

Certified that this is a bonafide Project work done by the above mentioned student in our School during
Senior Secondary course, in the year 2023 - 2024.

SUBJECT TEACHER PRINCIPAL

Project Submitted for the CBSE AISSCE Practical examination held on ___/____/2024.

INTERNAL EXTERNAL
EXAMINER EXAMINER
What is Child Labour
Child labour typically means the employment of children in
any manual work with or without payment. Child labour is
not only limited to India, it happens to be a global
phenomenon.
As far as India is concerned, the issue is a vicious one as
children in India have historically been helping parents at
their farms and other primitive activities. Another concept
that needs explanation is the concept of bonded labour
which is one of the most common forms of exploitation.
Bonded labour means the children are forced to work as
employees in lieu of payment of debt by the parents due to
exorbitant rates of repayment of interest.
Also associated with the concept of bonded labour is the
concept of urban child labour in India wherein the labouers
are the street children who spend most of their childhood on
the streets.
UNICEF has categorized child work into three categories:

1. Within the family- Children are engaged in domestic

household tasks without pay.
2. Within the family but outside the home- Example-
agricultural labourers, domestic maids, migrant
labourers etc.
3. Outside the family- Example- commercial shops in
restaurants and jobs, prostitution etc.
Types of Child Labour in India
Child labors in India could be mainly classified into two
categories of industrial, domestic and bonded child labors.
Below we will go through the details of the mentioned Indian
sectors employing children as labors along with the
demographics.

1. Industrial Child Labor

Industrial sector in India is the largest employer of children

below the legal age of 18. Approximately, over 10 Million
children between the age group of 5 to 14years are working
in informal or small industries, including around 4.5 Million
girls. Small enterprises like garment industry, brick kiln,
agriculture, fireworks industries, diamond industries etc,
constitute some of the largest employer of children.
Sometimes such industries operate from homes, making it
difficult for the authorities to take appropriate actions.

Unorganized sector in India is one of the largest em players

of children and the most visible too. Children could be easily
spotted, working in road side dhabas and eateries, tea
shops or grocery stores. The owners of such small
businesses prefer children as they are easy to handle and
easy to fire.
2. Domestic Child Labor
Domestic child labors constitute 10% of the total child labors
in India. They include both boys and girls domestically
employed by wealthy families to look after their everyday
chorus. Such children have no option but to serve the needs
of other families in an age when they should be attending
school and playing with friends. Poverty is the main factor
behind children being employed as domestic help. Usually
the parents give their consent in hope of money and a stable
shelter for their children.

The statics reveal a grim picture - nearly 20% of all the

domestic workers employed are below the age of 14 years
and the figures include mainly girls. These children are
employed as live in servants, doing daily chorus of the family
like - washing, cooking, looking after pets or younger
children and other works.

3. Bonded Child Labors

Bonded child labour means as a child who is employed forcibly
to pay off a debt of his parents or a guardian. Though the
numbers of bonded child labors have considerably declined in
recent past due strict government supervision and laws
banning it, it is silently followed in isolated and remote places.

Children residing in villages and employed in agriculture

industry are more prone to this type of labor. Poor farmers
owing large debts to money lenders, often get into an
agreement to engage their siblings as labors to wealthy
money lenders. There were thousands of bonded labors
engaged in various industries, till the past decade, but today
the numbers have reduced drastically, and the government
claims that there are no more bonded child labors in India.

This is made possible due to laws banning child labor and a

compulsory child education and by the joint efforts of
UNICEF (United Nations Children Emergency Fund), NGOs
and other relevant agencies.
Causes of Rising Instances of Child Labour in India
Over population, illiteracy, poverty, debt trap are some of the
common causes which are instrumental in this issue.

Overburdened, debt-trapped parents fail to understand the

importance of a normal childhood under the pressures of
their own troubles and thus it leads to the poor emotional
and mental balance of a child's brain which is not prepared
to undertake rigorous field or domestic tasks.

National and Multinational companies also recruit children in

garment industries for more work and less pay which is
absolutely unethical.
According to UNICEF children are employed because they
can be easily exploited. By considering various causes of
child labour, we can make a strategy to curb or eliminate
child labour in India.
Causes of Child Labour in India
 The curse of poverty
The main reason for child labour in India is poverty. Most of
the country's population suffers from poverty. Due to
poverty, parents cannot afford the studies of their children
and make them earn their wages from a tender age. In fact,
they are wel I aware of the grief of losing their loved ones to
poverty many times. They send their small children to work
in factories, homes and shops. They are made to work to
increase the income of their poor families at the earliest.
These decisions are taken only for the purpose of eking out
a living for their family. But such decisions shatter children's
physical and mental state as they lose their childhood at an
early age.

 Lack of educational resources

Even after so many years of our country's independence,
there are instances where children are deprived of their
fundamental right to education. There are thousands of
villages in our country where there are no proper facilities of
educat ion. And if there is any, it is miles away. Such
administrative laxity is also responsible for child labour in
India. The worst sufferers are the

Sometimes the lack of affordable school for the education of

poor children leaves them illiterate and helpless. Children
are forced to live without studying. And sometimes such
compulsions push them into the trap of child labour in India.
  Social and economic backwardness
Social and economic backwardness is also the main reason
for child labour in India. Socially backward parents do not
send their children to receive education. Consequently, their
children are trapped in child labour. Due to illiteracy, many
times parents are not aware of various information and
schemes for child education. Lack of education, illiteracy
and consequently the lack of awareness of their rights
among them have encouraged child labour.

Also, uneducated parents do not know about the impact of

child labour on their children. The conditions of poverty and
unemployment give rural families a compulsive basis for
engaging children in various tasks. In fact, feudal, zamindari
system and its existing remnants continue to perpetuate the
problem of child labour in India.

 Addiction, disease or disability

In many families, due to addiction, disease or disability,
there is no earning, and the child's wages are the sole
means of family's sustenance. Population growth is also
increasing unemployment, which has adverse impact on
child labour prevention. So, parents, instead of sending their
children to school, are willing to send them to work to
increase family income.

 Poor compliance of laws

In modern society, laws stipulate that citizens have the rig ht
to receive good education, avail good health services and
take care of their health. Every citizen has the right to play
the game he enjoys, and enjoy all the means of
entertainment, and when he grows, to obtain employment
where he can earn well and contribute to society and nation.
But in the absence of proper compliance of the laws, child
labour in India is continuing. It can be prohibited only by
strict adherence to the related laws.

 Lure of cheap labour

In the greed of cheap labour, some shopkeepers,
companies and factory owners employ children so that they
have to pay less to them and it amounts to employing cheap
labour. Shopkeepers and small businessmen make children
work as much as they do to the elder ones, but pay half the
wages. In the case of child labour, there is less chance for
theft, greed or misappropriation of money too.

With the development of globalization, privatization, and

consumerist culture, the need for cheap labour and its
linkage with economic needs of poor families have
encouraged child labour in India.

 Family tradition
It is a shocking but a bitter truth that in our society it is very
easy to give child labour the name of tradition or custom in
many families. The cultural and traditional family values play
their role in increasing the problem of child labour in India at
the voluntary level. Many families believe that a good life is
not their destiny, and the age-old tradition of labour is the
only source of their earning and livelihood.

Small businessmen also waste the lives of their children in

the greediness of perpetuating their family trade with lower
production costs. Some families also believe that working
from childhood onwards will make their children more
diligent and worldly-wise in terms of future life. They believe
that early employment will give rise to their children's
personal development, which will make it easier for them to
plan their life ahead.

 Discrimination between boys and girls

We have been conditioned into believing that girls are
weaker and there is no equal comparison between boys and
girls. Even today, in our society, we will find many examples
where girls are deprived of studies. Considering girls weaker
than boys deprives them of school and education. In
labourer families, girls are found to be engaged in labour
along with their parents.
Effects/Impacts of Child Labour on Social Environment in
India
Child labour is a serious hindrance to social and economical
development of the nation. Children employed in various
sectors fail to get necessary education, virtually forced to
leading a life of hardship and poverty. It also affects the
overall health of a child, as children get exhausted easily
and are not physically fit to work for longer durations under
difficult conditions.

Children employed in glass and fire cracker industries work

not only for longer hours but also under hazardous
conditions, seriously compromising their health. They are
continuously exposed to toxic gases and substances leading
to various skin and respiratory ailments.

Children who are forced into the labour industry are unable
to fend for themselves and grow up as an individual who
cannot productively contribute to the society. Moreover, for a
nation's economy to be progressive, it is imperative that its
workforce is educated and skilled, to cater to different
sectors; which is a distant reality as long as child labor
exists.

As long as the children are employed as labors, India cannot

successfully eradicate poverty and illiteracy. Sending
children to schools instead of work could have large
economical and social benefits in long run. Educated
children acquire necessary skills and higher paying jobs,
lifting them and the nation out of the clutches of poverty.

Child Labour Laws in India

The problem of child labour in India had become an issue of
concern for one and all post Independence. The drafting
committee of the India constitution wanted to formulate laws
on their own without seeking recommendations from other
countries with this regard. Since, India had been under the
exploitative regime of the British, it only made sense that the
provisions were devised keeping in mind the forms of
exploitative labour that India had witnessed under the
atrocious regime.

The primitive laws that were formed to prohibit child labour

in India were when the Employment of Children Act, 1938
was passed. But this act failed miserably because it failed to
address the cause of poverty as it is poverty that drives
children into forced labour.

The Indian Parliament time and again has passed Laws and
Acts to ensure the protection of children from child labour in
India. The Fundamental Rights enshrined in our Constitution
prohibit child labour below the age of 14years in any factor
or mine or engaged in any hazardous employment under
Article 24. Apart from this, it is also provided under Article
21-A that State shall provide infrastructure and resources for
free and compulsory education for chiIdren of the age six u
pto 14 years.
There exists a set of laws which under the Constitution govern
the protection of children from child labour. The Factories Act
of 1948 prevents the employment of children below 14 years in
any factory. The Mines Act of 1952 prohibits the employment of
children below the age of 78 years. The Child Labor
(Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986 prevents the
employment of children below the age of 14 years in life-
threatening occupations identified in a list by the law. Further,
the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of children Act
of 2000 made the employment of children a punishable
offence.

Ironically, despite this huge array of laws, there seems to be

no improvement in the working conditions of the child
labourers and employers also freely flout the provisions of
the Act covering the prohibition of child labour in India.

It needs to be highlighted that the violation of these

provisions means a deprivation of the basic human rights
and demeaning the childhood of the children. The law also
isn't very clear as to how where can the children work.
The Acts covers only 70 percent of the total working children
and thus not applicable to the unorganized sector.

The Act also exempts the family of the child labourer from its
purview if they all are working with the same employee as that
of the child. Although the Act prohibits the employment of
children in certain hazardous industries and processes, it does
not define what constitutes hazardous work. It only provides a
list of hazardous occupations.
Role of International Organizations in Fighting Child
Labour
The International Programme on the Elimination of Child
Labour (IPECL) was launched under the programme of
International Labour Organization in 1991 to work onwards
the elimination of child labour by creating awareness about
child labour as a global issue using national platforms. India
was among the first nations to sign the MOU with IPECL to
help in combating child labour.

National Labour Project (NCLP) is one of the major

programmes implemented throughout the country under
which seven child labour projects were set up in the year
1988. Rehabilitation is also one of the major policies
that have been adopted by the government of India to
reduce the incidence of child labour in India.

Unfortunately, the concerned authorities are unable to

combat the rising cases of child labour because of varied
reasons. They fail to establish the correct age if the child
due to the lack of birth proofs and at times fake proofs. Not
much is being done on creating the awareness among
people. Even if efforts are being made, they cater to a
limited population and the endurance among the authorities
is not visible. A lot of laxity can be observed during the
conduct of awareness programmes. There is still a need to
address the issue on global platforms time and again with
stringent policy framework in place.
How to Eliminate and Stop Child Labour in India
Abolition of child trafficking, elimination of poverty, free and
compulsory education, and basic standards of living can
reduce the problem to a great extent. The World Bank and
International Monetary Fund can help in eradicating poverty
by providing loan to the developing countries.

Strict implementation of labour laws is also essential in order

to prevent exploitation by parties or multinational compan
ies. Lot many amendments are required in the present child
labour prohibition law in order to implement strict measures
to control the situation. The minimum of ageof fourteen
years needs to be increased to at least eighteen. The list of
hazardous activities which are present in the law needs to
include more occupations which have been left out of the
purview of the hazardous activities.

Let's learn how to stop and solve the

 To prevent child labour, incidence of poverty needs to
be reduced first, so that poor people do not have to
send their children to earn their bread and butter.
 Spreading literacy and education is a potent weapon
against the practice of child labour in India, because
illiterate persons do not understand the implications of
child labour.
 Another way to stop child labour in India is to eliminate
or rein in unemployment. Because of inadequate
employment, many families cannot afford to meet all
 their expenses. If employment opportunities are
increased, they will be able to let their children read and
write and become worthy citizens.
 To stop child labour in India, we will have to first change
our own thinking. We have to ensure that first of all, we
do not keep any child at work in our own home or office.
We have to remember that we arenot doing any favour
to children of tender age by paying them money in
exchange of their labour, but we are rather playing with
their future.
 We also need to spread awareness about child labour
in India, so that people can understand that child labour
is messing with the future of the country. They will have
to understand that there is no future for India if its
children are weakened mentally and physically through
the practice of child labour.
 The common man should take up a resolve that he will
not buy any items from the shops where a child is
employed as labour. Also, if we come across such
instances, we should complain to the police or other
agencies, about it. The common citizen should prevent
child labour from taking place in society. In this way, the
general public can help in the prevention of child labour
in India.
 There are laws prohibiting child labour in our country. If
we notice any case of child labour, then we should
immediately go to the nearest police station and
register our complaint. We must raise our voice against
the stonehearted who employ child labour in India.
 We can also dial 100 to register a complaint against
child labour. We can also dial the telephone service
number 1098 started by the government to register
complaints against child labour.
 We will have to play the role of a conscious customer.
Many times we go to the market and shop for our
necessities, without knowing that there may be child
labour practice behind the texture of that stuff. Why not
form a habit from today that whenever we purchase any
goods, we ask the shopkeeper about the technique
used in their manufacture. Most shopkeepers may not
know the answer to this question, but we can take one
step from our side. We can create a sensible
environment in the society by these inquiries. And say
No to the use of something made of child labou r. It
may seem a little odd, but this can bring a big change in
our society.
 Let the parents of the children know the consequences
of child labour. If we find anychild labour somewhere
near us, first we should talk to the family of that child.
Empathizing with their conditions, we should tell them
about the bleak future of their child in case of
continuance of this practice.
 Owners of factories and shops should take a vow that
they will not force any child to do labour and stop other
people from doing the same.
 To prevent child labour in India, we need proper
implementation of laws that prescribe strict punishment
to vendors, shopkeepers and mill owners in case they
 engage children on cheap wages.
 There should also be more robust and stricter laws for
child labour in India, so that the people fear from
employing any child labour.
 Poor parents should pay full attention to the education
of their children because today the government is
providing free education, food, and even medicines in
certain schools.
 They should not make any difference between boys and
girls. By this practice, the number of girl child labour in
India can be reduced to a great extent.