Class Name Index No.

Question &
Answer Booklet

ST. HILDA’S SECONDARY SCHOOL

2, TAMPINES STREET 82, SINGAPORE 528986, TEL: 63055277 FAX: 6786 5011

END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION 2023

Geography

Level: Secondary 1 Express (G3) Date of Exam: 3 October 2023

Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and register number on the cover page of the Question & Answer
booklet.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighter, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Total number of marks for this paper is 36.

This paper consists of 11 printed pages including the cover page.

[Turn Over
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BLANK PAGE

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Water

1 (a) Study Fig. 1.1, which shows a diagram of the hydrological cycle and Fig. 1.2, which
shows the water budget equation.

The hydrological cycle

Condensation

Sun’s
heat Evaporation Precipitation

Transpiration

Surface runoff

Groundwater flow

Fig. 1.1

The water budget equation

Fig. 1.2

With reference to Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2, identify processes A, B and C in the water
budget equation.

Process A: ……………………………………………..

Process B: ……………………………………………..

Process C: …………………………………………….. [3]

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(b) Explain how groundwater may be formed.

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(c) Study Fig. 1.3, which shows the population and water demand in Singapore from 1960
to 2030. The projected population growth and demand for water is shown by dotted
lines.

Population and Water Demand in Singapore

Water demand (mm³/year)

Year

Fig. 1.3

Compare the trends for demand for water and the population in Singapore from 1960 to
2020.

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(d) Describe two ways that water can be used in industries.

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(e) Study Fig. 1.4 which is a news extract on agricultural activities in the UK.

News extract on agricultural activities in the UK

Farming destroyed UK rivers to meet food demand.

Rivers in the United Kingdom are full of with manure, fertiliser, and pesticides from
hundreds of intensive dairy farms. Dairy farmers have strived to increase livestock
numbers by using more fertilisers and pesticides to increase crop yields.

Fig. 1.4

With reference to Fig. 1.4, explain how agricultural activities can pose a threat to aquatic
ecosystems.

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(f) Explain two ways how Singapore can use technology to increase its water supply.

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[Total: 18 marks]

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Tropical Rainforests & Mangroves

2 (a) Describe the climatic conditions where tropical mangroves can be found.

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(b) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows the structure of a tropical rainforest.

Structure of a Tropical Rainforest

Layer X

Fig. 2.1

Identify layer X and describe the characteristics of this layer.

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(c) A group of students wanted to study the structure of the forest to support their
investigation of how mangroves are important in protecting the coast of Singapore.

Horizontal Zonation of the Mangrove Forest

High tide level

Low tide level

Fig. 2.2

Using Fig. 2.2, draw and annotate a field sketch in Fig. 2.3 below to show how the roots
of the different mangrove trees protect the coast.

Fig. 2.3 [4]

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(d) Explain how tropical rainforests help to prevent soil erosion.

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(e) Study Fig. 2.4, which shows a map of tropical mangroves in the world.

Location of tropical mangroves in the world

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Mangroves

Fig. 2.4

Describe the distribution of the mangroves in Fig. 2.4.

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(f) Describe how tropical rainforests can be a source of food for humans.

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[Total: 18 marks]

END OF PAPER

Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 1 Fig. 1.1 © Adapted from https://webquest-victoriatravis.weebly.com/process.html

Question 1 Fig. 1.3 © Adapted from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Population-and-water-demand-in-Singapore-
18_fig1_281571252
Question 1 Fig. 1.4 © Adapted from https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25834440-900-farming-destroyed-uk-rivers-to-
meet-food-demand-heres-how-we-fix-it/
Question 2 Fig. 2.1 © Adapted from https://wordwall.net/resource/10556673/geography/geography-tropical-rainforest-
structure
Question 2 Fig. 2.2 © Adapted from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Mangrove-zonation-according-to-the-tidal-regime-
Waycott-et-al-2007_fig1_340619785
Question 2 Fig. 2.4 © Adapted from https://ilearncana.com/details/Mangroves/1316

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Additional page

If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question
number(s) must be clearly shown.

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