Machine New

វិទ្យាស្ថយនវិទ្យាស្ស្រអគ្កិរនី
INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL SCIENCE


ASSIGNMENT
របាDDស្បធានបទ្៖ C“ MOTOR ”
❖ ដឹកនាំដោយ ស្ស្រស្តយចារយយ ៖ ចាប លីដ ឿន
❖ មុខវិទ្ា
យ ៖ MACHINE
❖ ថ្នយក់ ៖ EE-10A
❖ ឆមារ ៖ II, YEAR 3
❖ដ ្យោះស្កុម ៖
១.ងួន ដរងហ័ត
២.ណន ផានិត ៣.ដ ៀង វណណឆាត ៤.ដអៀម រុវណណភ័ស្ា
(2024)
CONTANCE
• Installation: vibration, alignment,

• Connection of motor
• Installation: Star and delta, Comparison of DOL and star-delta starting
• Maintenance:
Installation
What to know about alignment?
When a complete unit is supplied assembled from the factory, the coupling
halves have been accurately aligned by means of foil inserted under the pump
and motor mounting surfaces.
However, the pump and motor alignment may be affected during transport
because of radial or angular shifting, and must always be checked in connection
with the installation.
If it is necessary to correct the alignment, it can be done by aligning fitting
shims or removing them under the feet of the pump or the motor.
Make sure that the alignment is made properly. A correct alignment of
motor and pump will increase the working lives of coupling, shaft bearings and
shaft seals considerably.
Check the final alignment when the pump has obtained its operating
temperature under normal operating conditions.
alignment
The best way to ensure correct alignment is to use a

dial indicator placed on each coupling half, one reading
radially and the other axially. In this way simultaneous
readings can be informed and one can check any
deviation in parallelism or concentricity by rotating the
shaft. The dial indicator should not exceed +/- 0 .1 mm. If
the operator is sufficiently skilled, he can obtain
alignment with a clearance gauge and a steel ruler,
providing that the couplings are perfect and centered.
A measurement at 4 different points of the circumference

should not give a reading difference larger than 0 .03 mm
to avoid angular gap
When alignment/levelling it is important to take into

consideration the effect of the temperature rise of the
motor and driven machine. The different expansion levels
of the coupled machines can modify the
alignment/levelling during motor operation. After the set
(motor and base) has been perfectly aligned, the motor
must be bolted. There
are instruments that
use visible laser ray
that can perform and
ensure high precision
alignment.
alignment
What to know about foundation and
vibration dampening?
In order to achieve optimum operation and

to reduce noise and vibration to a minimum, it may
be necessary to consider vibration dampening of
the pump in certain cases. Generally, this should
always be considered in the case of pumps with
motors larger than 7 .5 kW. Smaller motors,
however, may also cause undesirable noise and
vibration.
Noise and vibration are generated by the rotation

in motor and pump and by the flow in pipes and
fittings. The effect on the environment is subjective
and depends on correct installation and the state
of the remaining system.
The pump must be attached to a plane and rigid

foundation. A concrete foundation of plinth would
be an optimum solution.
As a rule-of-thumb, the weight of a concrete

foundation should be 1 .5 x pump weight for
vibration dampening. The foundation should be
100 mm larger than the base plate on all four
sides. To avoid that vibrations are transferred to
the building or to the pipework it is recommended to install correctly calculated vibration
dampeners and expansion joints.
The selection of vibration damper differs from installation to installation. A wrong dampener
may in certain cases increase the vibration level. The sup plier should therefore size
vibration dampeners. If the pump is installed on a foundation with vibration dampeners,
expansion joints must be fitted on both sides of the pump. This is very important to ensure
that the pump is not hanging from the flanges.
If motors with keyway are used for pumps with a smooth shaft coupling, for example a
Grundfos CR pump, the keyway MUST be filled with a half key. Otherwise, the vibration
level will exceed the recommended level and consequently this will decrease the lifespan
of bearings and shaft seal.
Connection of motor
Connection of the motor There are several ways of

connecting a motor. The most common ones are: 3-
phase connection, delta (∆)-connection and star (Y)-
connection. 3-phase connection According to the IEC
60034-8 standard, the windings of a 3-phase standard
motor can be connected in either a star (Y)-connection
or in a delta (∆)-connection.
Star (Y)-connection by short-circuiting the terminals W2, U2 and V2

and connecting the mains to W1, U1 and V1, you get a star (Y)-
connection.
Current: Iphase = Imains/√3
Voltage: Uphase = Umains

Delta (∆)-connection When you connect the end of a phase to the start of another phase
you get a delta (∆)-connection Current: Iphase = Imains /√3
Voltage: Uphase = Umain
Star-delta starting
the objective of this starting method, which is used with

three-phase induction motors, is to reduce the starting
current. In starting position, current supply to the stator
windings is connected in star (Y) for starting. In the
running position, current supply is reconnected to the
windings in delta (∆) once the motor has gained speed.
Advantages
Normally, low-voltage motors over 3 kW will be dimensioned to run at either 400 V in delta
(∆) connection or at 690 V in star (Y) connection. The flexibility provided by this design
can also be used to start the motor with a lower voltage. Star-delta connections give a low
starting current of only about one third of that found with direct-on-line starting. Star-delta
starters are particularly suited for high inertias, where the load is initiated after full load
speed.
Comparison of DOL and star-delta starting
The following graphs illustrate currents for a Grundfos CR

pump started with a Grundfos MG 7 .5 kW motor by
means of DOL and star-delta starting, respectively. As you
will see, the DOL starting method features a very high
locked-rotor current which eventually flattens and
becomes constant. The star-delta starting method
features a lower locked-rotor current, but peaks during
the starting process as the changeover from star to delta
is made.
When starting in star (t = 0 .3 s), the current is reduced.

However, when switching over from star to delta (at t =
1 .7 s), the current pulse reaches the same level as the
locked-rotor current seen with direct-on-line starting. The
current pulse can even get higher, because the motor
during the switching period is un-powered which means
it reduce speed before the full voltage (delta volt age) are
supplied
Motor maintenance
Motors need maintenance regularly in order to avoid

failure and prolong their lifespan. Generally speaking,
motors and motor parts should be maintained and
tested at least every 6 months. Only then is it possible
to maintain a motor’s life and its efficiency. In this
section we will deal with three kinds of maintenance:
Preventive maintenance, predictive maintenance and
reactive maintenance
Bearing lubrication
Actually, only a small amount of bearings reaches their

optimum lifespan. The explanation is linked to
maintenance. The major reasons for premature
bearing failure are:
• Wrong mounting
• Contamination
• Incorrect handling
• Incorrect maintenance
• Incorrect or no lubricant, (too old lubricant,

wrong amount of lubricant, dirt in lubrication etc.
Manual re-lubrication
When dealing with manual re-lubrication, there are several things to be aware of and
several steps to follow:
Step 1: The first thing to do is to remove the grease

outlet plug if it is fitted.
Step 2: Then, press the fresh grease into the

bearing until all old grease has been forced out
through the grease outlet hole or between the shaft
and the flange.
Step 3: Then, let the motor run 1-2 hours to ensure that all excess grease is forced out of
the bearing. Close the grease outlet plug, (if fitted)
How to ensure high quality repair work

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វិទ្យាស្ថយនវិទ្យាស្ស្រអគ្កិរនី

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL SCIENCE

❖ ដឹកនាំដោយ ស្ស្រស្តយចារយយ ៖ ចាប លីដ ឿន

❖ ឆមារ ៖ II, YEAR 3

២.ណន ផានិត ៣.ដ ៀង វណណឆាត ៤.ដអៀម រុវណណភ័ស្ា

• Installation: vibration, alignment,

The best way to ensure correct alignment is to use a

A measurement at 4 different points of the circumference

When alignment/levelling it is important to take into

In order to achieve optimum operation and

Noise and vibration are generated by the rotation

The pump must be attached to a plane and rigid

As a rule-of-thumb, the weight of a concrete

Connection of the motor There are several ways of

Star (Y)-connection by short-circuiting the terminals W2, U2 and V2

Current: Iphase = Imains/√3

Voltage: Uphase = Umains

Voltage: Uphase = Umain

the objective of this starting method, which is used with

The following graphs illustrate currents for a Grundfos CR

When starting in star (t = 0 .3 s), the current is reduced.

Motors need maintenance regularly in order to avoid

Actually, only a small amount of bearings reaches their

• Incorrect or no lubricant, (too old lubricant,

Step 1: The first thing to do is to remove the grease

Step 2: Then, press the fresh grease into the

How to ensure high quality repair work

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