Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 23 views

    Forward - Reverse Control Circuits - Basic Motor Control

    Uploaded by

    tindahcindy
    Lecture notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Forward - Reverse Control Circuits - Basic Motor Control

    Uploaded by

    tindahcindy
    23 views8 pages
    Lecture notes

    Original Title

    Forward_Reverse Control Circuits – Basic Motor Control

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Lecture notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views8 pages

    Forward - Reverse Control Circuits - Basic Motor Control

    Uploaded by

    tindahcindy
    Lecture notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 8

    Home Read Sign

    in Search in book …

    Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports
    open publishing practices.

    BASIC MOTOR CONTROL

    CONTENTS

    Circuits

    36.

    Forward/Reverse Control Circuits

    If a three-phase motor is to be driven in only one direction, and upon its initial ener-
    gization it is found to be rotating opposite to what is desired, all that is needed is to
    interchange any two of the three line leads feeding the motor. This can be done at
    thePrevious:
    motor Jog
    starter or at the motor itself.
    Circuits

    Next: Plugging with a Zero-Speed Switch


    Three-phase motor rotation

    Once two of the lines have been switched, the direction of the magnetic fields cre-
    ated in the motor will now cause the shaft to spin in the opposite direction. This is
    known as reversing the phase rotation.

    Reversing Magnetic Starters

    If a motor is to be driven in two directions, then it will require a Forward / Reverse


    motor starter, which has two three-pole horsepower-rated contactors rather than
    just one as in the conventional starter. Each of the two different motor starters
    powers the motor with a different phase rotation.

    When the forward contactor is energized, power contacts connect line L1 to T1, line
    L2 to T2 and line L3 to T3 at the motor. When the reverse contactor is energized, the
    power contacts connect line L1 to T3, line L2 to T2 and line L3 to T1 at the motor.

    Previous: Jog Circuits

    Next: Plugging with a Zero-Speed Switch


    Forward/Reverse power circuit

    Since the two motor starters control only one motor, only one set of overload relay
    heaters need be used. The return paths for both starter coils connect in series with
    the normally closed contacts of the overload relay so that if an overload occurs in
    either direction, the starter coils will be de-energized and the motor will come to a
    stop.

    Note that the two contactors must be electrically and mechanically interlocked so
    that they cannot be energized simultaneously. If both starter coils became energized
    simultaneously, a short circuit will occur with potentially hazardous results.

    Forward / reverse starters will come with two sets of normally open auxiliary con-
    tacts to act as holding contacts in each direction. They will also come with two sets
    of normally closed auxiliary contacts to act as electrical interlocks.

    Mechanical Interlocks
    Previous: Jog Circuits
    Forward / reverse starters must never close their power contacts simultaneously.
    Next: Plugging with a Zero-Speed Switch
    The best way to provide this is through electrical interlocks, which prevent the one
    coil from being energized if the other is engaged. A failure in electrical interlocking
    can cause both coils to be energized at the same time.

    If both become energized, some form of mechanical interlock is required to prevent


    both armatures from pulling in. Represented on schematic diagrams as a dotted line
    between the two coils, a mechanical interlock is a physical barrier that is pushed
    into the path of one coil’s armature by the movement of the adjacent coil. This
    means that even if both coils are energized, only one armature will be able to pull in
    fully. The coil that is prevented from pulling in will make a terrible chattering sound
    as it tries to complete the magnetic circuit.

    Mechanical interlocks should be relied on as a last resort for protection.

    Electrical Interlocks

    Electrical interlocking is accomplished by installing the normally closed contact of


    one direction’s coil in series with the opposite direction’s coil, and vice versa. This
    ensures that when the forward coil is energized, pushing the reverse pushbutton
    will not energize the reverse coil. The same situation is in effect when the reverse
    coil is energized. In both situations the stop button will need to be pressed to de-en-
    ergize the running coil and return all its auxiliary contacts back to their original
    state. Then the opposite direction coil can be engaged.

    Reversing Control Circuit

    Previous: Jog Circuits

    Next: Plugging with a Zero-Speed Switch


    Forward/Reverse control circuit

    When designing the control schematic for forward / reverse circuits, we start with
    the standard three-wire circuit, add a second normally open pushbutton, and add a
    holding contact branch for the second coil. A single stop button is sufficient to dis-
    able the motor in both directions.

    The two coils are mechanically interlocked and the normally closed instantaneous
    contacts provide electrical interlocking.

    If the forward pushbutton is pressed, as long as the reverse coil is not engaged, cur-
    rent will find a path through the normally closed reverse contact and energize the
    forward coil, causing all contacts associated with that coil to change their state. The
    2-3 holding contact will close and the normally closed electrical interlock will open.
    If the reverse pushbutton is pressed while the forward coil is engaged, current will
    not be able to get past the forward normally closed contact, and nothing will
    happen.

    In order to send the motor in the reverse direction, the forward coil must be de-en-
    ergized. To do this, the stop button must be pressed, then the reverse pushbutton
    will be able to energize the reverse coil.

    Regardless of the direction the motor is spinning in, this circuit will operate as a
    standard three-wire circuit providing low-voltage protection (LVP) until either the
    stop button is pressed, or an overload occurs.
    Previous: Jog Circuits

    Pushbutton Interlocks Next: Plugging with a Zero-Speed Switch


    Forward/Reverse pushbutton interlock

    Pushbutton interlocking requires the use of four-contact momentary push buttons


    with each pushbutton having a set of normally open and normally closed contacts.

    To achieve pushbutton interlocking, simply wire the normally closed contacts of one
    pushbutton in series with the normally open contacts of the other pushbutton, and
    the holding contacts will be connected in parallel with the appropriate button’s nor-
    mally open contacts.

    This circuit still requires the installation of electrical interlocks.

    Pushbutton interlocking doesn’t require the motor coils to be disengaged before re-
    versing direction because the normally closed forward contacts are in series with
    the normally open reverse contacts, and vice-versa. Pushing one button simultan-
    eously disengages one coil while starting the other. This sudden reversal (plugging)
    can be hard on the motor, but if quick reversal of the motor is required, this circuit
    can be a solution.

    Previous: Jog Circuits

    Next: Plugging with a Zero-Speed Switch


    4:45

    LICENSE SHARE THIS BOOK

    Basic Motor Control Copyright © 2020


    by Aaron Lee and Chad Flinn is licensed
    under a Creative Commons Attribution
    4.0 International License, except where
    otherwise noted.

    Previous: Jog Circuits

    Next: Plugging with a Zero-Speed Switch


    Powered by Pressbooks

    Guides and Tutorials | Pressbooks Directory | Contact

    Previous: Jog Circuits

    Next: Plugging with a Zero-Speed Switch

    You might also like