in This hapter 81 introuction 2 Computer Njetaorks A6 Data Comunication An ntroction Terminologes 2 Transmission Medha Tyoes of Njetorks a4 49 Network Topologies Eoution of Netorirg 3 icdentifying Nodes on a uitec hurg fechrijes Computer Nietwork
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See netw orking iS
computet retwotking 1s no exception N tk nd cocofs afotig conputers make Dmpatet networka works ther structures, types, tipologes and th 329 Introduction connectedto 330 (oputer Netorks-An autoomMscomputing mformationor devices resOurces share sOur home, vou |COMPUTEbhet A Computer collection 82 toehange in voursmart T autonomous evample.if cables S0 as to
in her onder network or Rah omputer martphme tOur laptp with smultaneouslv using etherNetwork. exchange share resources Int. Computer ma pmmt and) termedasanetwork. te e Iihtnll omputer ugh Y thn showsasample Broadband
Iigun s l modem Computer 1 Ethernetor (tointernet USBcable Connecton)
Printers Computer3 Entertainment consoles Disadvantages of Networks more If software and files Advantages of Networks systems are held centrally, it * The complex software .: sophisticated and costs impossible to may share * Can can be installed This can addto specialist any work if the carry ou resources : such torun. need centra * Share Software than on may and you the network. server fails. People becnn and scanners. rather reliant on the communicatit as prnters centrally each machine. Metering staffto run than if these fail it can cause han This Is cheaper then be used buying equipment for software can number ofcopies each computer to limit the any one time. being run atcheaper than This is much for every buying licenses & File security is more are badly * If networks machine. important especialy if managed services can * Improve communications become unusable and connected to WANs e.. protection from viruses. * Share storage- being Messages can be sent - productivity falls. from files abie to access ea. internal email network any machines on the Can share data. disadvantages of computer nehund (6) Advantages and computer network. Figure 8.1 (0) Asample facilitate resource sharing (ras ways. They useful in many enhanced communi Computer networks are very on the network can be shared), cx: such as storage, software etc. is easier), cost reduction (resource sharing cuts on (communicating witlh devices on a network and disadvantages of computer networks. advantages so forth. Figure 8.1(b) shows some 8.2.1 Components of a Computer Network NoTE with a cable won't Merely by joining two computers components that onwards Please note that now form a network. In fact, there are many use the terms 'computer net
together make a network. We are briefly discussing 'network' interchangeably.
below, the major components of a computer network. control other device(s). 1. It means that no computing device on a network can start, stop or N WORAS
talomputer Networky Nodes (such,
(lients Networkhardware (such as N NIC, Communication channel (suh as Outer, sth, hub etc.) (sUch as cables, radio inks ot) Sothvare protools. netvork operating system ete) Nevorkservices (such as BNS, File slhuring ete.). these, brietly.
Hostor Nodes. The term host or node reters to
l attached to a the NoTT that are resOUreS ot the netvork and are secking A computer hecoes a workstation the network. So your |'Cs, of a nelwork as 5000 45 it 05 attached smartphones etc. when connect t0 a network, to anetwotk.
server is Server. A responsible tor making the |SERVER tasks happen. In other words, a server facilitates Server Acomputer that facilitates the working tasks like sharing of data, resouresharing, sharing of data, software, and tionamong hosts etc. There can be tvo and types of hardware resourCes (e.g., printers, dedicated later non-dedicated servers. You will termed as a Server. modems etc.) on the network, is them Rdabout ) Clients. Aclient computer is ahost COmputer that requests for Some services froma server. nother words. aserer Omputer serves the requests of cient conmputers. ) Network Hardware. Different types of hardware required in anetwork are : NIC(Network Interface Card). It is a network card (hardware) attached to a host so as toestablish network connections. Every NIC card lhas aunique physical address called the MAC address, which is a 6-byte (48 bits) addresS assigned by the NICmanufacturer. An NIC is also called Network Interface Unit (NIU) or Terminal Access Point (TAP) Hub, szvitch, router. These network devices are used to connect nodes with network. ) manv others.
Communication channel. Hosts in anetwork interact with other hosts and server(s) through a communication channel or communication medium. The communication channels can either be wired or wireless: Wired Communication channels. When hosts and server(s) are connected with one another through guided media like network cables, it is called a wired communication channel/medium. Examples of wired communication media are : twisted-pair cables, coaxial cables, fibre-optic cables. ) Wireless Communication channels. When hosts and server(s) are connected with one another through unguided media like radio waves, satellite etc., it is called a wireless communication channel/medium. Examples of wireless communication media are :Microwaves, radio waves, satellites, infrared waves, laser etc.
