Short Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. If a vertex of a triangle is (1, 1) and the midpoints of two sides through this
vertex are (– 1, 2) and (3, 2). Find the centroid of the triangle. [DDE]
Sol. Let the triangle be ABC with vertex A(1, 1) and midpoint of AB is E (– 1, 2),
midpoint of AC is F (3, 2).
Let (𝑥1 y1) and (𝑥2, y2) be the co-ordinate of B and C respectively.
Since E is the midpoint of AB.
1 + 𝑥1 1 + 𝑦1
∴ ( , ) = (−1, 2)
2 2
⇒ 𝑥1 = − 3, 𝑦1 = 3
And F is the midpoint of AC.
1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑦2
∴ ( , ) = (3, 2)
2 2
⇒ 𝑥2 = 5, y2 = 3
∴ Centroid of the triangle have co-ordinates
1 − 3 + 5 1 + 3 + 3
( , )
3 3
7
= (1, 3)

Q. 2. By using slope method, show that the points P(4, 8), Q(5, 12) and R(9, 28) are
collinear.
Sol. The given points are P(𝑥1 y1) = (4, 8),
 Q(𝑥2, y2) = (5, 12) and R(𝑥3, y3) = (9, 28).
12−8
∴ Slope of line PQ, m1 = =4
5−4
28−8
And Slope of line PR, m2 = =4
9−4

Since, slope of PQ = Slope of PR.

∴ The points P, Q and R are collinear.
Q. 3. Determine ∠B of the triangle with vertices A(– 2, 1), B(2, 3) and C(– 2, – 4).
Sol. The given vertices are A(𝑥1, y1) = (– 2, 1),
B(𝑥2, y2) = (2, 3) and C(𝑥3, y3) = (– 2, – 4).
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Slope of AB, 𝑚1 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1

3−1
= 2 − (−2)

1
= 2
𝑦3 − 𝑦2 −4 −3 7
And slope of BC, 𝑚2 = = = 4.
𝑥3 −𝑥2 −2 −2

∴ Angle B, which is the angle between AB and BC is given by

𝑚 − 𝑚1
𝜃 = tan−1 1 +2 𝑚
1 𝑚2

7 1
−
= tan−1 4 2
7 1
1+ .
4 2

5 8
= tan−1 (4 × 15)
2
= tan−1 (3).

Q. 4. Show that the triangle whose vertices are (8, 2), (5, – 3) and (0, 0) is an
isosceles
[KVS 2013-2014]
Sol. Let, the given vertices be A(𝑥1, y1) = (8, 2),
B(𝑥2, y2) = (5, – 3) and C(𝑥3, y3) = (0, 0)

∴ 𝐴𝐵 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2 = √(8 − 5)2 + (2 + 3)2

= √34 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.

𝐶 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥3 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 )2 = √(5 − 0)2 + (−3 − 0)2

= √34 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
 ∴ AB = BC (⇒ ∠ACB = ∠BAC).
Hence, ∆ABC is isosceles.
Q. 5. Which point on the 𝒙-axis is equidistant from (7, 6) and (– 3, 4).
[KVS 2013-2014]
Sol. Let the point on 𝑥-axis be P(𝑥, 0) and the given points be A(7, 6) and B(– 3, 4).
∴ AP = BP

⇒ √(7 − 𝑥)2 + (6 − 0)2 = √(−3 − 𝑥)2 + (4 − 0)2

⇒ (7 − 𝑥)2 + 36 = (3 + 𝑥)2 + 16
⇒ 49 − 14𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 36 = 9 + 6𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 16
⇒ 20𝑥 = 85 − 25 = 60
⇒ 𝑥 = 3
∴ The required point is P(3, 0).
Q. 6. The slope of a line is double the slope of another line. If tangent of the angle
𝟏
between them is 𝟑, find the slope of the line.

Sol. Let the slope of line be 𝑚

∴ Slope of the another line be 2𝑚
𝑚 − 𝑚2
tan 𝜃 = |1 +1 𝑚 |
1 𝑚2

1 2𝑚 − 𝑚
= |1 + 2𝑚2 |
3

1 𝑚
= |1 + 2𝑚2 |
3

2𝑚2 + 1 = 3𝑚
2𝑚2 – 3𝑚 + 1 = 0
(𝑚 – 1) (2𝑚 – 1) = 0
If 𝑚 – 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑚 = 1
1
If 2𝑚 – 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑚 = 2
1
Hence, slope of lines (1 and 2) or (2 and 1)

Q. 7. Two lines passing through the point (2, 3) make an angle of 45°. If the slope
of one of the lines is 2, then find the slope of the other line.
Sol. Let 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 be the slopes of the two lines.
Then, 𝑚1 = 2, 𝑚2 =?
We have
𝑚1 − 𝑚2
tan 45° = 1 + 𝑚1 𝑚2

2 − 𝑚2
⇒ 1 = 1 + 2𝑚2

⇒ 1 + 2𝑚2 = 2 – 𝑚2
1
⇒ 𝑚2 = 3.
1
∴ Slope of the other line = 3.

Q. 8. If 𝜽 is the angle between the diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD whose

vertices are A(0, 2), B(2, – 1), C(4, 0) and D(2, 3). Show that tan 𝜽 = 2.
Sol. The vertices of parallelogram ABCD are A(0, 2), B(2, – 1), C(4, 0) and D(2, 3).

AC and BD are diagonals and 𝜃 is the angle between them.

0−2 1
Slope of AC, 𝑚1 = = −
4−0 2
3 − (− 1) 4
And, slope of BD, 𝑚2 = = = tan 90°
2−2 0

𝑚 − 𝑚1
∴ tan 𝜃 = |1 +2 𝑚 |
1 𝑚2

tan 90° − tan 𝑎

= |1 + tan 90°.tan 𝑎|
1
[let ‘a’ be the inclination of AC, tan 𝑎 = – 2]
 = |tan (90° − 𝑎)|
= |𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑎|
1
= |−2| [∴ tan 𝑎 = − 2]

⇒ tan 𝜃 = 2
Q. 9. Show that the points A(4, – 1), B(6, 0), C(7, 2) and D(5, 1) are the vertices of a
rhombus.
Sol. Given points are A(4, – 1), B(6, 0), C(7, 2) and D(5, 1).

𝐴𝐵 = √(4 − 6)2 + (−1 − 0)2 = √4 + 1 = √5

𝐵𝐶 = √(6 − 7)2 + (0 − 2)2 = √5

𝐶𝐷 = √(7 − 5)2 + (2 − 1)2 = √5

𝐷𝐴 = √(5 − 4)2 + (1 + 1)2 = √5

∴ AB = BC = CD = DA, so the given points are the vertices of a rhombus.
Q. 10. Using the distance formula show that the points A(3, – 2), B(5, 2) and C(8,
8) are collinear.
Sol. Given points are A(3, – 2), B(5, 2) and C(8, 8)

∴ 𝐴𝐵 = √(3 − 5)2 + (−2 − 2)2 = √20 = 2√5

𝐵𝐶 = √(5 − 8)2 + (2 − 8)2 = √45 = 3√5

𝐶𝐴 = √(8 − 3)2 + (8 + 2)2 = √125 = 5√5

Since AB + BC = CA, and hence the points are collinear.
Q. 11. Find the equation of a line, whose inclination is 150° with 𝒙-axis and passes
through (3, – 5).
Sol. Inclination of the line, 𝜃 = 150°
∴ Slope, 𝑚 = tan(150°) = tan(90° + 60°)
 = – Cot 60°
1
=–
√3

Since the line passes through (3, – 5)

∴ Equation of the line is
(y – y0) = 𝑚(𝑥 – 𝑥0)
1
⇒ 𝑦 − (−5) = − (𝑥 − 3)
√3

⇒ √3(𝑦 + 5) = 𝑥 – 3

⇒ 𝑥 + √3𝑦 + (5√3 − 3) = 0, is the required equation of the line.

Q. 12. Find the equation of the lines which cut-off intercepts on the axes whose
sum and products are 1 and – 6 respectively [DDE]
Sol. Equation of a line in intercept form is
𝑥 𝑦
+ = 1
𝑎 𝑏

Given, a + b = 1
and a × b = – 6
6
⇒ 𝑎 − = 1
𝑎

⇒ 𝑎2 − 𝑎 − 6 = 0
⇒ (𝑎 − 3) (𝑎 + 2) = 0
⇒ a = 3, – 2.
If 𝑎 = 3, b = – 2 and if a = – 2, b = 3.
∴ Equation of the line is
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
− = 1 𝑜𝑟 + = 1
3 2 −2 3

⇒ 2𝑥 – 3y – 6 = 0 or 3𝑥 – 2y + 6 = 0, is the required equation of the line.

Q. 13. Find the equation of the straight line which bisects the distance the points
A(a, b) and B(a’, b’) and also bisects the distance between the points A(a, b) and
B(a’, b) and also bisects the distance between the points C(– a, b) and D(a’, – b’).
Sol. Co-ordinate of mid-point of A(a, b), B(a’, b’) are
𝑎 + 𝑎′ 𝑏 + 𝑏′
( , ), and co-ordinate of mid-point of
2 2
 −𝑎 + 𝑎′ 𝑏 − 𝑏′
C(– a, b), D(a’, – b’) are ( , ). Now, the equation of the line passing through
2 2
(𝑥1, y1) and (𝑥2, y2) is
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
Here,
𝑎 + 𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑏′
𝑥1 = 𝑦1 =
2 2
−𝑎 + 𝑎′ 𝑏 − 𝑏′
𝑥2 = , 𝑦2 =
2 2

𝑏 − 𝑏′ 𝑏 + 𝑏′
𝑏 + 𝑏′ − −𝑎 + 𝑎′
⇒ 𝑦 − = 2 2 (𝑥 − )
2 −𝑎 + 𝑎′ 𝑎 + 𝑎′ 2
−
2 2
𝑏 + 𝑏′ −𝑏′ −𝑎 + 𝑎′
⇒ 𝑦 − = (𝑥 − )
2 −𝑎 2
𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑏′) 𝑏′ (−𝑎 + 𝑎′)
⇒ −𝑎𝑦 + = −𝑏′𝑥 +
2 2
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏′ + 𝑎𝑏′ − 𝑎′ 𝑏′
⇒ 𝑏′ 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 + = 0
2
𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎′ 𝑏′ + 𝑎𝑏′
⇒ 𝑏′ 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 + = 0
2
⇒ 2b’ 𝑥 – 2ay + (ab – a’ b’ + ab’) = 0, is the required equation of the line.
Q. 14. Find the normal form of the line 𝒙 + y = 2.
Sol. Given equation of the line is
𝑥+y=2
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ + = √2
√2 √2

⇒ 𝑥 cos 45° + y sin 45° = √2, is the required normal form of the line.
Q. 15. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (– 1, 3) and
perpendicular to the line 3𝒙 – 4y – 16 = 0
Sol. The given equation is
3𝑥 – 4y – 16 = 0
3
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥– 4
4
 3
∴ Slope of the line, 𝑚1 = 4
4
∴ Slope of the perpendicular line, 𝑚2 = – 3.

Since the line passes through (– 1, 3), so the equation of the line is
y – y0 = 𝑚(𝑥 – 𝑥0)
⇒ y – 3 = 𝑚2 (𝑥 + 1)
4
⇒ y – 3 = – 3 (𝑥 + 1)

⇒ 3y – 9 = – 4𝑥 – 4
⇒ 4𝑥 + 3y – 5 = 0
Q. 16. A line passes through P(1, 2) such that its intercept between the axes is
bisected at P. Find the equation of line.
Sol. Equation of a line in intercept form is
𝑥 𝑦
+ = 1
𝑎 𝑏
𝑎+0 0+𝑏
Given, = 1 and = 2
2 2

⇒a=2 ⇒b=4
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ + = 1
2 4

⇒ 2𝑥 + y – 4 = 0, is the required equation of the line.

Q. 17. The intersect cuts-off by a line from y-axis is twice that from 𝒙-axis and the
line passes through the point (1, 2). Find the equation of the line.
Sol. The equation of a line intercept form is
𝑥 𝑦
+ = 1
𝑎 𝑏

Given, b = 2𝑎
𝑥 𝑦
∴ (1) ⇒ + = 1
𝑎 2𝑎

⇒ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎
Since the line passes though the point (1, 2), 2. 1 + 2 = 2a
⇒a=2
∴ Equation of the line is
2𝑥 + y – 4 = 0.
Q. 18. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining
the points A(2, 3) and B(6, 1 – 5).
2+6 3−5
Sol. The mid-point of A(2, 3) and B(6, – 5), 𝐶 = ( , )
2 2

= (4, – 1)
−5 −3
And slope of AB, 𝑚 = = −2.
6−2
−1 1
∴ Slope of the Perpendicular bisector of AB, 𝑚’ = = 2.
𝑚

Since the bisector passes through (4, – 1), so the equation of the Perpendicular
bisector is
1
Y – (– 1) = 2 (𝑥 – 4)
1
⇒ 𝑦 + 1 = (𝑥 − 4)
2

⇒ 𝑥 – 4 = 2y + 2
⇒ 𝑥 – 2y – 6 = 0, is the required equation.
Q. 19. Line through the points (– 2, 6) and (4, 8) is perpendicular to the line
through the points (8, 12) and (𝒙, 24). Find the value of𝒙.
Sol. Slope of line through (– 2, 6) and (4, 8).
8−6 1
𝑚1 = =
4 − (−2) 3

and, slope of line through (8, 12) and (𝑥, 24),

24 − 12 12
𝑚2 = =
𝑥−8 𝑥−8

Since the lines are perpendicular, So, 𝑚1 𝑚2 = – 1

1 12
⇒ . = −1
3 𝑥−8

⇒4=–𝑥+8
⇒𝑥=4
Q. 20. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the line 𝒙 – 7y + 5 = 0 and
having x – intercept 3.
Sol. The given equation is
𝑥 – 7y + 5 = 0
⇒ A𝑥 + by + C = 0, where A = 1, B = – 7, C = 5
 ∴ The perpendicular line is
B𝑥 – Ay + 𝜆 = 0
⇒ – 7𝑥 – y + 𝜆 = 0
⇒ 7𝑥 + y = 𝜆
Since the line has x – intercept 3, so it passes through (3, 0)
⇒ 7.3 + 0 = 𝜆 ⇒ 𝜆 = 21
⇒ 7𝑥 + y – 21 = 0, is required equation of the line.
Q. 21. Find the equation of the line passing through (1,2) and parallel to the line y
= 3𝒙 – 1
Sol. The given is
Y = 3𝑥 – 1 ⇒ 3𝑥 – y – 1 = 0 …(1)
∴ Any line parallel to (1) is written as
3𝑥 – y + 𝛾 = 0 …(2)
Since the line passes through (1, 2),
3(1) – 1 + 𝛾 = 0
⇒𝛾=–1
∴ The line is 3𝑥 – y – 1 = 0, which is itself.
Q. 22. Prove that the lines 3𝒙 + y – 14 = 0, 𝒙 – 2y = 0 and 3𝒙 – 8y + 4 = 0 are
concurrent.
Sol. Given equation of lines are
3𝑥 + y – 14 = 0 …(1)
𝑥 – 2y = 0 …(2)
3𝑥 – 8y + 4 = 0 …(3)
Solving (1) and (2), (1) – (3) × (2) ⇒ y + 6y – 14 = 0
⇒y=2
Putting in 𝑥 – 2y = 0, 𝑥 = 4
∴ (4, 2) is the common point of (4, 2) substituting this point in (3)
L.H.S = 3.4 – 8.2 + 4
=0
 = R.H.S
∴ The point of intersection of (1) and (2) satisfies the equation (3), so the given three
points are the equation (3), so the given three points are concurrent.
Q. 23. Find the value of 𝒑 so that the three lines 3𝒙 + y – 2 = 0, 𝒑𝒙 + 2y – 3 = 0 and
2𝒙 – y – 3 = 0 may intersect at one point. [DDE]
Sol. The given equation of lines are
3𝑥 + y – 2 = 0 (1)
2𝑥 – y – 3 = 0 (2)
𝑝𝑥 + 2y – 3 = 0 (3)
Solving (1) and (2), we have
(1) + (2) ⇒ 5𝑥 – 5 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1
(1) ⇒ 3+y–2=0
⇒ y=–1
∴ (1, – 1) is the point of intersection of (1) and (2) putting (1, – 1) in equation (3),
we get,
𝑝. 1 + 2. (– 1) – 3 = 0
⇒ 𝑝–5=0
⇒ 𝑝=5
Q. 24. Find the condition, if the two lines 𝒂𝒙 + 𝐛𝐲 = 𝐜 and 𝒂′ 𝒙 + 𝒃′ 𝒚 = 𝒄′ are
perpendicular.
Sol. The given lines are
𝑎𝑥 𝑐 𝑎
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑦 = − + , 𝑚1 = −
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
𝑎′ 𝑐′ 𝑎′
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎′𝑥 + 𝑏′𝑦 = 𝑐′ ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑏′ , 𝑚2 = −
𝑏′ 𝑏′

Since the line are perpendicular.

∴ 𝑚1 𝑚2 = – 1
𝑎 𝑎′
⇒ (− 𝑏) (− ) = −1
𝑏′
𝑎𝑎′
⇒ = −1
𝑏𝑏′

⇒ 𝑎𝑎′ + 𝑏𝑏′ = 0, which is the required condition.