Diagnostic Agents

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DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

INTRODUCTION

Diagnostic agents are the substances used to examine the body in order to detect
impairment of its normal functions. Usually these agents find no other use in medicine.
Diagnostic agents are divided according to the use as

• drugs used as X-ray contrast media

• drugs used to test organ functions

• drugs used to determine blood volume and haemopoietic function and

• drugs used for miscellaneous agents.

CLASSIFICATION

They are classified according to their test functionalities as

i) Gall bladder function, cholecystography and cholangiography:


eg. Iocetamic acid, Iodipamide, Tyropanoate sodium.
ii) Gastric function: eg. Pentagastrin, Congored.
iii) Liver function: eg. Indocyanine green.
iv) Ophthalmic diagnostic aid: eg. Fluorescein sodium.
v) Pancreatic function: eg. Bentiromide.
vi) Intestinal function: eg. Barium sulfate, Xylose.
vii) Kidney function: eg. Aminohippurate sodium, Indigotin disulfonate,
Phenolsulphophthalein.
viii) Lymphatic system: eg. Isosulfan blue.
ix) Bronchial airway hyperacidity: eg. Methacholine.
x) Drug – hyper sensitivity: eg. Benzyl penicilloyl polylysine.
xi) Drugs used in X- ray contrast medium: eg. Diatriazoic acid, Iocetamic acid,
Iothalamic acid, Propyliodone.
xii) Miscellaneous: eg. Erythrosin sodium, Evans blue.

Gall Bladder Function


Tyropanoate Sodium
Ι C2H5

CH3(CH2)2COHN CH2.CH.COONa

Ι Ι
Sodium -3- butyramido - α - ethyl -2,4-6 - triiodo
xiii) hydrocinnamate

Use: It is an oral radio - opaque agent used in cholecystography.


Iocetamic acid
Ι COCH3

N - CH2 - CH - COOH

CH3

Ι Ι

NH2
3 - [Acetyl - (3 - amino - 2,4,6 - triiodophenyl)
xiv) amino] - 2- methyl propanoic acid

Use: It is an oral cholecystographic agent used for radiographic visualization of gall


bladder.

Gastric Function

Congo Red
NH2
NH2
N=N N=N

SO3Na SO3Na
3,3' - [(Biphenyl) - 4,4' - diyl bis (azo)] bisamino - 1 - napthalene sulphonic acid

Liver Function
A. Indocyanine Green
CH3 CH3

H3C CH3

N N
SO3(CH2)4
(CH2)4 SO3 Na

2 - [7- [1,3 - Dihydro - 1,1 - dimethyl - 3- (4 - sulfobutyl) - 2H - benz [e]


indol - 2 - ylidene] - 1,3,5 - heptatrienyl] - 1,1 - dimethyl -3 - (4 - sulfobutyl)
- 1H - benz[e]- indolium imine sodium salt.

Use: It is used to determine cardiac output, hepatic function and liver blood flow. It is also used
to measure plasma volume and regional blood flow in various organs including kidney, eye and
lungs.

Ophthalmic Diagnostic Aids


A. Fluorescein Sodium

NaO O O

COONa

3,6' - Dihydroxy - spiro [isobenzafuran - 1 - (3H), 9' - [9H] xanthene]


- 3 - one disodium salt

Use: It is used in ophthalmic practice for detecting corneal lesions and foreign bodies in the eyes.

Pancreatic Function

Bentiromide

HO CH2 - CH - CONH COOH

NH - CO

4- {[(2- Benzoylamino) -3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1- oxopropyl] amino} benzoic acid

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