FURNITURE TECHNOLOGY (AS247)

FURNITURE FITTINGS (FUR533)

Joints for Plastics and Glass Furniture

NAME: AIN UMAIRAH BINTI MARZUKI

NO MATRIC: 2023262278

CLASS:AS 247 3A

LECTURER’S NAME: NUR HANNANI BINTI ABDUL LATIF

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 3
Plastic Furniture ................................................................................................................ 3
Glass Furniture .................................................................................................................. 4
TYPES OF PLASTIC AND GLASS FURNITURE .................................................................. 5
TYPE OF PLASTIC FURNITURE ...................................................................................... 5
TYPE OF GLASS FURNITURE ......................................................................................... 8
TYPES OF JOINTS CAN BE USED TO ASSEMBLE PLASTIC AND GLASS FURNITURE 11
JOINTS FOR PLASTIC FURNITURE .............................................................................. 11
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................... 22
PLASTIC FURNITURE .................................................................................................... 22
GLASS FURNITURE ....................................................................................................... 23
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 24

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INTRODUCTION
Furniture is a coordinating element of living rooms that, via its size, shape, and comfort,
gives people a sense of grandeur. The top formatting priorities are determined by factors
including the region of use and the capacity to effectively address the demands and desires
of the user.

Plastic Furniture
Plastic furniture has become a contemporary and efficient solution for both indoors and
outdoors, transforming how people approach the design of rooms and outdoor living areas.
Compared to traditional materials such as wood or metal, plastic furniture offers a wide
range of advantages that meet the needs of today's lifestyles. In addition, plastic furniture
has become a contemporary and efficient solution for both indoors and outdoors,
transforming how the design approached of rooms and outdoor living areas. Unlike
traditional materials such as wood or metal, plastic furniture offers a few advantages that are
suited to the requirements of today's lifestyles.

A synthetic material called plastic is used to make many household products. This material is
used to create affordable, lightweight furniture. Plastic is frequently utilised in bathrooms
since these spaces tend to be humid and wet, and plastic equipment retains its original
aesthetic. Any kind of construction can be shaped out of plastic. The manufacturing
technique is low-tech and doesn't require significant financial outlays.

Plastic furniture has become popular due to its durability, light weight and resistance to
various environmental influences. Their ability to withstand sun, rain and other weather
conditions makes them an ideal choice for outdoor use, increasing the longevity and
aesthetics of your furniture investment. In addition, the easy maintenance of plastic furniture
is a practical and time-saving option for people looking for hassle-free solutions for their
home, office, or leisure area. The problems are brittleness, unsightly appearance and short
service life.

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Glass Furniture
Glass furniture represents a contemporary approach to interior design that seamlessly
combines functionality and aesthetics. The use of glass in furniture design is a symbol of
elegance, openness, and modernity. Glass furniture is an easy way to bring transparency
and lightness into any environment, making it a good choice for those who want to create the
atmosphere of openness and light. Glass furniture is not only capable of fulfilling its purpose,
but also contributes to making a room seem bigger and more inviting whether it's inside or
outside.

As a material, glass has several advantages. Because glass can create effects on space
which cannot be replaced by any other material, applied design solutions with glass
materials demonstrate their importance in terms of production of contemporary furniture and
interior products. A wide range of techniques can be used to refine the fragile and sensitive
glass material. This means that it is a strong, durable material with many improved
aesthetics and quality characteristics desired by furniture manufacturers and consumers.

Glass furniture offers a creative solution that is not only aesthetically pleasing but also highly
adaptable. The glass components maximise the content on display while providing a basic
look with clean lines. They are perfect for a variety of uses, such as retail outlets, retail
facilities, showrooms, stores, and offices.

Glass is typically combined with various materials by furniture makers to create a single,
complete piece of furniture. Glass raw materials have many good features such as visually
enlarges a small environment, gives lightness to the environment, and harmless to health.
The primary issue with glass furniture is how resistant it is to mechanical damage.
Decorative furniture can be ruined by heavy loads, sharp shocks, and falls from high places.

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TYPES OF PLASTIC AND GLASS FURNITURE

TYPE OF PLASTIC FURNITURE

1. PLASTIC DESK CHAIR

Plastic office chairs generally have no features that support the user during prolonged sitting.
However, they are extremely small and inexpensive. Commonly used in office desk and
study spaces, these chairs are available in a range of colours and styles. Plastic chairs are
inexpensive enough to be replaced frequently. The durability of a plastic seat for the office
makes it a good choice, as it will not crack or dry out when warm or damp. A comfortable
plastic office chair requires little maintenance and is exceptionally durable. All they need is a
simple clean with a professional cleaner to keep them in good condition.

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 2. PLASTIC FOLDING TABLE

A folding table can be folded in half for quick and easy storage and transportation between
venues. Folding tables are often made of a lighter material such as plastic or aluminium so
that they can be easily transported. Plastic chairs are lightweight and movable, which makes
it simple to move and rearrange them in an outdoor area. Their portability allows flexibility
and adaptability in decor, enabling people to change the arrangement and style of an
outdoor area whenever they like. Like all foldable furniture, folding tables are also practical
for making the most of the available space or extending the existing indoor space into the
outdoor area during the warmer months of the year. Folding tables are quick to set up, easy
to assemble and compact to fold away.

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 3. OUTDOOR PLASTIC FURNITURE SET

Plastic chairs are weather-resistant and perfect for outdoor décor. Plastic chairs are made to
be mostly unaffected by weather, including sun, rain, and humidity. Plastic chairs may be
placed outside all year round, unlike wooden or metal chairs that would need to take care of
from weather protection. Because of their resilience, they're a great option for outdoor dining
spaces.

Plastic outdoor furniture set also have easy maintenance as plastic chairs are simple to
maintain and clean. To get rid of dust, grime, or stains, just give them a quick wipe down
with a moist cloth or give them a gentle soap and water wash Not like other material such as
wood and metal, when it is exposed to the weather, outdoor furniture frequently needs to be
cleaned and maintained on a regular basis. Because of their ease of upkeep, plastic chairs
are a practical choice for outdoor décor.

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TYPE OF GLASS FURNITURE
1. KITCHEN GLASS FURNITURE

The use of glass elements to emphasize brightness and enlarge the space. Although glass
furniture furnishes small spaces as needed and is one of the most economical solutions for
visual enlargement, the choice of glass in spacious apartments and houses reflects the
desire to emphasize the aesthetic values of quality and contemporary design.

The glass is always special in its expressions for the degree of transparency, such as light
that inevitably misses, regardless of whether it is transparent, blurred, and colour.

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 2. GLASS DINING TABLE

A glass tabletop has an elegant design that adds style, refinement, and elegance. Glass
often gives a formal impression and adds style to the dining room.

A glass dining table is easy to clean. As the tabletop is smooth and non-porous, a spill will
not stain the table. It also does not need to be polished regularly, but only cleaned after
meals.

The transparency of a glass dining table ensures that light and energy can flow freely in and
out of the room. The glass top makes the room light, airy and spacious.

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 3. GLASS WARDROBE

Glass wardrobe transparent finish gives the impression of space, which is ideal if the room is
small. Additionally, their reflective surface makes even the darkest spaces feel lighter and
brighter.

Glass closets are very simple to clean, even though they could be a little more delicate and
fingerprint prone. Transparent glass has the advantage of being transparent, making
everything visible and enabling careful arrangement of drawers and shelves. Because glass
is easily maintained and cleaned with a cloth and quality glass cleaner, it is also very easy to
clean. Traditional wooden sliding wardrobes are hard to maintain and eventually start to
show signs of wear and tear. The one negative aspect is that fingerprints are easy to leave
on the glass cupboard panels. They also can be used as a mirror. These serve as a classy,
large mirror in the room, which makes them look exceptionally attractive and trendy. The
décor appears light and modern due to the glass surfaces' ability to reflect and bounce light
around the space, making a powerful visual impression. The mirrored-paneled glass
wardrobe draws attention to the room's features.

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TYPES OF JOINTS CAN BE USED TO ASSEMBLE PLASTIC
AND GLASS FURNITURE

JOINTS FOR PLASTIC FURNITURE

1. INTERLOCKING JOINT

Interlocking joints is to form a safe and secure connection by fitting together. Modular plastic
furniture is frequently assembled using this joint. Interlocking joints are frequently used to
unite parts that are frequently put together and removed separately. Common types of
interlocking joints for plastic furniture are snap-fit joints and tongue and groove joints. A
snap-fit is an assembly method used to attach flexible parts, usually plastic, to form the final

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product by pushing the parts' interlocking components together. Tongue and groove is a
method of fitting similar objects together, edge to edge, usually used in wood panel but
rarely used in plastic furniture. Tongue and groove joints allow two flat pieces to be joined
strongly together to make a single flat surface. Plastic tongue and groove boards will not rot,
or decay so do not need any treatment or maintenance.

These are examples of mechanical interlocking using modular cube which is to make plastic
storage to keep small and lights items.

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 2. MECHANICAL FASTENING

Mechanical fastening requires the use of additional parts (connecting elements), such as
plastic or metal screws, bolts, washers, rivets, or it is based on integrated construction.
Similar and dissimilar materials can be joined together by mechanical fastening. Mechanical
fasteners are often used, for example, to create joints that can be opened and closed again,
or to create permanent connections when plastic is bonded to metal.

Step used to do mechanical fastening is by connecting the seat to the mechanism which is
the seat will connect with the chair’s main mechanism by putting a few bolts, screw into the
seat and back rest tightly which will support the weight of the load.

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 3. CORNER JOINT BRACKET

A metal bracket is a type of fastener used to hold and secure two objects or parts together.
They can be attached to posts, used as decorative accents, or used to support shelves and
stabilize appliances. Metal brackets can be threaded for screws and are available with or
without holes. These fittings are used to lock enclosures, hold parts together and allow doors
to be opened and closed.

Steps for jointing the table and metal bracket are firstly, select bracket location. Choose
where on the table the bracket should be installed. Next, mark installation point. Identify
where the screw holes are on the table and the bracket. Then, pre-drill hole. Select a drill bit
that is slightly smaller than the screw diameter. At the marked spots on the table, drill pilot
holes. After that, put the bracket in place. Orient the bracket so that it fits into the table's
drilled holes. Next, attach the bracket. Screws should be inserted through the bracket holes
and into the table's pilot holes. Utilising a drill or screwdriver, tighten the screws. Lastly, test
stability. After all brackets are in place, gently press down on the table or place a load on it to
see if it is stable.

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 JOINTS FOR GLASS FURNITURE

1. GLASS TO GLASS HINGE

Two pieces of frameless glass shower doors are connected to each other using these
hinges. The 90-degree hinge is the most common hinge of glass to glass. Usually, glass
to glass hinges is used in shower which is a hinged shower door is a glass panel which,
in the same way as regular entry doors, opens by swinging one direction on rotating
hinges. The wall, shower surround, or a stationary glass panel can all be used as
attachment points for the door hinge. This kind of door, which is more typical with single
shower stalls, needs plenty of space in the bathroom to swing outward. When the door is
closed, most hinged doors rest against bottom tracks.

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The steps to install glass to glass hinges are:

1. First, the backing plate must be taken out.

2. The pre-drilled holes on the glass and the hinge must line properly.

(Gate must open outwards to meet compliance requirements, left and right opening
directions can be achieved by turning the hinges upside down.)

3. The bolts need to be used to fasten the backing plate to the glass. It is necessary to
put the bolts through the provided nylon sleeves.

4. Tighten nuts until the hinge and panels are firmly attached.

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 2. HINGES CABINET

A hinge is used in kitchen cabinets, door panels on the inside or outside of homes, and
occasionally window frames. For various sorts of doors, cabinets, or other openings. The
hinge type for the door needs to be strong and resistant to corrosion. In terms of the
aesthetics of design, hinges are also essential. Hinges have high corrosion resistance
material, high durability, friction resistance, and suitable for fire-rated doors. As hinges also
used in kitchen glass cabinet to keep its aesthetic.

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The step to install hinges to glass cabinet is firstly, attach the mounting plates of the hinge to
the frame of the cabinet door. It must be securely in place, and that all the screws are
tightened properly. Next, attach the cabinet door or drawer to the mounting plates with the
screws provided. This need to be tighten firmly so that everything is secure. Its same way to
install overlay cabinet hinges or insert door hinge. Finally, attach the hinge itself to the frame
and cabinet door by inserting it into the pre-drilled holes.

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 3. EDGE JOINT

With edge joints, two pieces of glass are joined together along their edges. Depending on
the design and intended use, this connection can be achieved by gluing, UV bonding or
mechanical fastening.

The steps to join this edge joint are:

Prepare the Glass: Using a glass cleaner and microfiber cloth, the edges of the glass panels
need to be cleaned thoroughly. the edges must free from dust, dirt, and any residues that
might interfere with the bonding process.

Measure and Mark: the points on the edges must be measured and marked where the glass
panels will be joined.

Apply Adhesive: a thin layer of glass adhesive or UV glue must be applied to the marked
edges. If using UV glue, apply it evenly and avoid excess, as it can create a messy finish.

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Secure with Clamps or Support: To keep the glass panels firmly in place while the adhesive
cures, use clamps or a support system.

Clean Any glue Excess: Any glue that may have squeezed out during the joining procedure
needs to be wiped off.

Cure the Adhesive: If UV glue is used, the joint must be exposed to UV light. By curing the
glue, this light strengthens the bond between the glass panels.

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CONCLUSION

PLASTIC FURNITURE
In conclusion, plastic furniture is changing the way that interior and outdoor design are
approached because it is a practical and adaptable solution. Due to several benefits over
other areas of modern living, including durability, and maintenance.

For both indoor and outdoor use, plastic furniture is a dependable option due to its resilience
to environmental factors and longevity. Plastic furniture is versatile without losing durability
and usefulness, ranging from modular lounge sets for outdoor use to stackable seats for
parties.

Plastic furniture is very popular since it is very easy to maintain. Furniture that is both easy to
maintain and long-lasting is necessary for a hectic lifestyle. Plastic furniture fulfils this need
since it needs little upkeep to retain its structural integrity and visual charm.

There are a lot of benefits and considerations in the joint for plastic furniture. They are a
popular choice in the furniture industry due to their flexibility, lightness, and low cost of
plastic joints. The plastic joints are easy to assemble and remove, and storage of items.

But the recognition of potential limitations like load carrying capacity and durability over time
is important. While plastic joints are suitable for many applications, heavy-duty furniture to
significant stress may require additional support or alternative materials.

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GLASS FURNITURE
In conclusion, glass furniture adds a touch modern elegance to a variety of living and
working spaces, demonstrating a combination of aesthetics and usefulness. Its distinctive
features have elevated it above simple usefulness to become a representation of elegance,
transparency, and adaptability.

Glass's unique transparency makes it possible to create an environment that appears

visually spacious. Glass furniture improves the atmosphere of a room and fits in well with a
variety of design motifs. Glass furniture, whether it takes forms of kitchen glass furniture,
dining glass tables, or glass wardrobe adds to the air of contemporary elegance.

Glass is great at giving the impression of more space and making a place seem bigger than
it is. It is because it does not impede the view to the rear, which gives a visual illusion of
empty space even though it assists in light distribution. In both modern and traditional interior
designs, glass is incredibly flexible and works well. It's just that we need to pick it properly.

Joint glass furniture offers a modern aesthetic that can enhance the visual appeal of any
space. For glass furniture design, it is necessary to use joints to maintain the stability of the
structure while preserving a smooth and transparent look. The joints have a crucial role in
maintaining the durability and life of glass furniture, whether they are bonded by adhesives
or mechanical fasteners.

For a variety of furniture components, such as, cabinets, dining table and shower, glass is an
attractive material due to its flexibility as well as the fact that it can be used in various
designs. The joints enable to produce distinctive and eye-catching furniture items to fulfil a
functional need. They're also enhancing the general appearance of a design.

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REFERENCES
Ignatov, A. (2013). Modern style furniture and glass as part of the everyday interior. Modern
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https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/7852/1/Modern%20style%20furniture%20and%20glass%2
0as%20part%20of%20the%20everyday%20interior-Aleksandar%20Ignatov.pdf

ITALICA, P. (2023). The Impact of Plastic Chairs on Indoor and Outdoor Decor. italica, 1.
Retrieved from https://italica.com/blogs/news/the-impact-of-plastic-chairs-on-indoor-
and-outdoor-
decor#:~:text=Weather%20Resistance%3A&text=Plastic%20chairs%20are%20desig
ned%20to,be%20left%20outside%20year%2Dround.

Karimova Dilnoza Erkinovna, S. J. (2022). Modern Materials for Furniture Design. Modern
Materials for Furniture Design , 5(3), 306-307. Retrieved from
https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/407576-modern-materials-for-furniture-
design-498255e2.pdf

Kerketta, A. (2014). INTERIOR DESIGN GLASS FURNITURE. INTERIOR DESIGN GLASS

FURNITURE, 5-12. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/6024686/INTERIOR_DESIGN_GLASS_FURNITURES_S
cholar_no_101110115_Guided_by

Mladen Sercer, P. R. (2019). JOINING OF PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES. WELDING

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 3. Retrieved from
https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c05/E6-171-07-00.pdf

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