Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm- Qnam

The Great Britain

The SS Great Britain, designed by the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, revolutionised ship
design when it (66)………. launched in 1843. Brunel had already built an enormous wooden
paddle ship, but realised he needed (67)………. bigger to beat the competition to carry
passengers to America. His solution was a propeller-driven iron ship, with sails to save fuel in
the right winds. However, it was of (68)………. an innovative design that, (69)………. the
ship's luxurious facilities, only 50 passengers were courageous (70)………. to buy tickets for
the first journey to New York.

The Great Britain had a long (71)………. star-crossed working life. In 1846 it ran aground in
Northern Ireland. (72)………. of the 180 passengers was injured, and a group of clergymen
conducted a service to (73)………. their nerves. The ship lay on the beach for a year until
Brunel (74)………. devised a rescue which proved (75)………. expensive that it bankrupted
the vessel's operators.

Lương Văn Tụy- Ninh Bình

Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries
Since 13 May 2022, cases of monkeypox have been reported to WHO from 12 Member
States that are not endemic ( 1.......................) monkeypox virus, across three WHO regions.
Epidemiological investigations are ongoing, however, reported cases thus far have no
established travel ( 2.......................) to endemic areas. Based on currently available information,
cases have mainly ( 3.......................) not exclusively been identified amongst men seeking care
in health clinics.
The (4 .......................) of this Disease Outbreak News is to raise awareness, inform
readiness and response efforts, and provide technical guidance for immediate (5 .......................)
actions.
The situation is evolving and WHO expects there will be more cases of monkeypox
(6 .......................) as surveillance expands in non-endemic countries. Immediate actions
(7 .......................) on informing those who may be most at (8 .......................) for monkeypox
infection with accurate information, in order to stop further spread. Current available evidence
suggests that those who are most in danger are those who have had close (9 .......................)
contact with someone with monkeypox, while they are symptomatic. WHO is also working to
provide guidance to protect frontline health care providers and other health workers who may
be under threat such as cleaners. WHO will be providing (10 .......................) technical
recommendations in the coming days.
Lê Thánh Tông- QNam
Déjà vu is the (16) ________ you get when a situation seems familiar.
Scientists find it hard to record and study déjà vu because such an experience is brief and (17)
________.
Since déjà vu is described by the subject as a sensation or feeling in studies, it has no (18)
________.
There has been a (19) ________ over the past few years due to a lack of hard evidence to prove
this phenomenon.
A number of theories attempt to give an explanation of this phenomenon, in which recent
advancements in neuroimaging and (20) ________ narrow down the field of prospects.
The same restaurant setting has been used to walk through three (21) ________ of déjà vu.
The first theory claims that déjà vu takes place when there is (22) ________ in information
from one of the pathways.
According to the second theory, instead of remembering that you have seen an object from the
past somewhere else, your brain has (23) ________ the old memory without identifying it.
The last theory states that déjà vu occurs when our brain (24) ________ an environment while
we're distracted by one particular object.
While all three of these theories share the common features of déjà vu, none of them propose to
be the (25) ________ of the phenomenon.
Lê Qúy Đôn- Quảng Trị
The art of compromise
It’s Saturday afternoon and though I (1) ……..…………. much sooner be out and about, my
husband’s preference is to slump on the sofa, glued to the match. To (2) …………. I’m not into
football would be an understatement, but staying put for the day is (3) ………… a catastrophe.
Being possessed of my (4) …….…. free will, the option of heading out of the house to do
something more fascinating is there, should I choose to take it. It’s (5) ……..……. than likely
that I won’t – next Saturday we’re lunching out with friends. It’s a deal we made long ago: one
week the way in which we spend the day is his call; the following, it’s mine. Over the course of
our relationship, I’ve been obliged to reach such compromises on many (6) ……..……….
occasion, every once in a (7) ……..……. making concessions on a grander scale. So (8) ……..
……………. , so good. Admittedly there have been times when giving in went against (9)
……..……………. grain, but taking the line of least (10) ……..……………. at times has led to
greater harmony – both within my marriage and in friendships beyond it.

Lê Qúy Đôn- Đà Nẵng

The Children’s University was started by a 1. ……………. five years ago. The focus of
this year’s Children’s University was the topic of 2. ……………. . Laura’s partner was Mark,
who works as a 3. ……………. when he is not volunteering. Laura’s group of volunteers gave
some workshops about how 4. ……………. is made. Laura says the children had a booklet
called a 5. “…………….” which was stamped to show their progress. Laura and the children
went to the graduation ceremony in the

6. ……………. hall of the local University. Some children received a 7. ……………. for
attending a lot of workshops. Laura said the scheme allowed her to develop skills such as 8.
……………. . Laura will most probably become a 9. ……………. in the future. Laura says she
can give people in her audience something called an 10. ……………. for volunteers.

Lê Qúy Đôn- Điện biên

So just how do we get electricity (1) _______water? Actually, hydroelectric and coal-fired
power plants produce electricity in a (2) _________way. In both cases a power source is (3)
__________to turn a propeller-like piece (4)_________ a turbine, (5) ___________then turns a
metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity. A coal-fired
power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades; (6)____________ a hydroelectric plant uses
falling water to turn the turbine. The results are the same.
Take a look at this diagram (courtesy of the Tennessee Valley Authority) of a hydroelectric
power plant to see the details:

The theory is (7) __________build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in elevation
(there are not many hydroelectric plants in Kansas or Florida). The dam stores lots of water
behind it in the reservoir. Near the bottom of the dam wall there is the water intake. Gravity
causes it to fall through the penstock inside the dam. At the (8) __________of the penstock
there is a turbine propellor, which is turned by the (9) ____________water. The shaft from the
turbine goes up into the generator, which produces the power. Power lines are connected to the
generator that carry electricity to your home and mine. The water continues past the propellor
(10) _____________the tailrace into the river past the dam. By the way, it is not a good idea to
be playing in the water right below a dam when water is released!

Lê Khiết- Quảng Ngãi

LEARNING DISABILITIES ARE UP

Are the learning disabilities really on the rise or are we just more aware of them? Recent
statistics indicate that up to 10% of school age children, that’s two or three individuals in every
classroom, are thought to have (1) ___________ kind of learning disorder, the causes of which
are both complex and multiple. More worrying (2) ___________are recent findings by the
Science journal which suggests that (3) ___________ up to 45% of children, more than one
disorder is likely. An ADHD child (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) may also (4)
___________ from dyslexia (a reading and writing disability) or dyscalculia (a maths learning
disability).

Many of the learning disabilities included in the research and the findings are numbered
amongst the autistic spectrum disorders, (5) ___________ would push figures to appear higher
than in the past when diagnosis was less easily (6) ___________. Demographic analysis
indicates also that many of the children under six who are diagnosed are from within the higher
income bracket, suggesting that parents are likely to be more aware of potential problems and
better (7) ___________ to address them.

Unfortunately despite this worrying rise, the current school system is not equipped to deal
with the greatly differing teaching methods required to address the variety of learning
difficulties that the disorders entail. The devastating result of this is leaving many children
totally (8) ___________ in the basic skills required to survive in the secondary school systems.
The prevalence of learning disabilities (9) ___________ the lower economic bracket is
undisputed, yet sadly these children are more likely to have undiagnosed (10) ___________
which will never be addressed

Lê Hồng Phong- Nam Định

Impressionism was a movement that fundamentally changed how art was (1)________ in the
late 19th century and many of the Impressionists have become so well known today that (2)
_______ recognizes their names and their work. What is (3) _______ widely known is that
women were also involved in the movement, (4) _______ facing challenges.
These women (5) _______ artistic values with the other Impressionists. They emphasized color
over lines and shapes, and chose to depict transient moments from modern life, as (6) _______
to painting classical themes. They were interested in the movement of light and less (7)
_______ with strict realism than the art establishment of the time. And alongside their male (8)
_______ they faced repeated rejection by the influential Académie, where art was judged and
displayed in Paris, and (9) _______ in the independent Impressionist exhibitions that were
organized in response, first shocking and (10) _______ winning over the public.
KHGD
THE KARAOKE CULTURE
We live in a culture that values participation over ability: the karaoke culture. In
broadcasting, it seems we cannot escape the vogue for ‘access TV’, ‘people shows’ and ‘video
diaries’. (86) ______ is our apparent obsession with documenting our own lives (87) ______, in
future, programs will be replaced by cameras in every room, so that we can watch (88) ______
endlessly on TV. In the countless shows that fill our daytime schedules, the audience has
become the star. The (89) _______ with this ‘inclusive’ culture is that it knows (90) _________
bounds. The public make programs, the public participate in programs, the public become
performers. Anybody (91) _______ do it.
But there is a world of (92) ______ between enjoying something and joining it. If we all
join in, (93) _________ is the point of artists or experts? If everything is accessible, there can
be no mystery, no mystique. Is there (94) ______ a beauty in knowledge, a pleasure in learning
from a true expert? I love listening to a genius and learning from (or even just appreciating) his
or her skills. (95) _____ assure them that I can ‘have a go at’ their craft (96) _______ be
monstrous impudence on my part. Worse still is the dismissal of something difficult or
demanding as ‘elitist’. We don’t (97) _______ to a brilliant glassblower, juggler or plasterer as
‘elitist’, yet because we all use words and can all sing, anyone who aspires to greatness in these
arts is considered elitist by some people.
Huỳnh Mẫn Đạt- Kiên Giang
ACADEMIC OVERDRIVE
Student life is becoming increasingly difficult. Not only are students expected to perform
and complete within the class, but also to (1) _______ time and energy to extra-curricular
activities as well as struggle with an increasing load of homework. The push to get into the top
universities has caused many overachieving students to (2) _______ on heavier workloads and
more challenging classes.

This push, however, doesn’t end once students reach (3) _______. In fact, when they reach
the top places they have worked so hard to get into, many students are forced to work even
harder than they did in high school. Once in the top universities, the (4) _______ is on to secure
place into the top graduate school. But it doesn’t end there. Once students have graduated with
best results, they find that they must continue to overextend themselves in order to secure the
top (5) _______ in their particular field. Such is the emphasis in academic success.

There are many who claim that this entire system is wrong because it puts too much (6)
_______ on measuring achievement and not enough on true learning. This in turn has inevitable
(7) _______ on the students themselves. In such a high-pressure learning environment, those
that find the pressure overwhelming have nowhere to turn. In an academic world (8) _______
only by academic success, many students begin to feel a low sense of worth, yet they fear to
turn to anyone for help as this world would be perceived as a signal of failure, an (9) _______
to cope with that which other students appear to have no problem. This can be particularly hard
for foreign students as they find themselves isolated (10) _______ familiar cultural or family
ties in their new environment and thus they concentrate solely on their work.

Perhaps the main thing to remember is that although it is important to study hard, school
life should also be fun.
Hoàng Văn Thụ- Hòa Bình
HARD ROAD TO SUCCESS

In today’s music industry it is hard to (1) ___________ out in the crowd but the band,
Makeover Mayhem, seem to have done just that. They only got together a couple of months
ago, but their first album, which was ready for downloading only a week ago, is already
speeding (2) ___________ the charts. It looks as if they are (3) ___________ to become the
biggest success story of the year. If this continues, they stand (4) ___________reach number
one and make their fortunes. Their music harks (5) ___________ to the early rock and roll of
the fifties and the reason for their success is probably due to two main things: first, the modern
twist which they have put on rock and roll music and, secondly, the (6) ___________ of
nostalgia that seems to be sweeping through the music-buying public.

In sharp contrast to the band, Josh Logan is an actor who has been struggling for years to (7)
___________ a name for himself. But, finally, he has just finished his first lead role in a film at
the age of 32. (8) ___________ he loves working on films, he finds it difficult to tap into the
emotional (9) __________ required when the scenes do not follow on from each other as they
do in a stage play. The film (10) __________ to have been released in spring next year, but that
has now changed to the autumn, mainly because of the director’s pedantic obsession with a
perfection that only exists in his head. However, Josh knows that tenacity and belief in what
you are doing is a prerequisite for an actor and he is prepared to work long hours to be the best
he can be.

Hoàng Lê Kha- Tây Nguyên

Imagine you are walking to school listening to music on your MP3 player. All of a sudden, it
stops working and you 1. _______that the batteries have run out. Wouldn’t it be wonderful if
you could simply 2. ______the batteries wherever you are? This might be possible in a few
years’ 3._____as scientists are now working on a bag that makes electricity. They say that all
someone needs to do is put the bag their back and start walking. The 4.______ of the body
makes electricity in a special part of the bag. This new 5._____ sounds like a brilliant idea,
doesn’t it? Scientists de

veloped the “electric backpack” in order to help soldiers, who often carry around with them
torches, radios and other equipment. All these things 6._______ on batteries and at the moment,
the soldiers 7._____ on these batteries to 8._______ the power this equipment needs. With the
“electric backpack”, the soldiers won’t need to 9.______ extra batteries around with them.
Rescue workers and mountain climbers will also find the bag 10._______, as will students who
don’t want their MP3 players to run out by chance on their way to school.
Chuyên Vĩnh Phúc
An internship is an opportunity, offered by an organisation, to students or (76) ______ often
within a specific industry to gain work experience. Internships are approved for a specified
period of time; traditionally ranging from two to six months. The (77) ______ occur during
summer, but extended internships are often offered during the (78) ______ year. They can be
paid or unpaid; therefore, sometimes inaccessible to those who don’t have the (79) ______
means to support themselves. Doing an internship has several benefits for the intern, most
notably gaining valuable (80) ______ knowledge while testing out a job and (81) ______ path.
An internship can help interns build professionalism, learn transferable skills and consequently
enhance their (82) ______. When completed, internship training can give people an edge over
the competition and help them (83) ______ out when they apply for a job. Although an
internship is a means of growth for candidates, hiring an intern can be a worthwhile (84)
______ for any business, and can lead to a (85) ______ position, therefore, the power of an
internship should never be underestimated.

Chuyên Tuyên Quang

TEENAGERS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
Globalization has made the world a better and more equal place for many more people
than was the case a few decades ago. However, it has also (1) ______ two well-defined
worlds of poor countries and wealthy nations, according to Vanesa Jorda and Jose Maria
Sarabia of the University of Cantabria in Spain.
Over the last wave of globalization between 1980 and 2011, well-being, generally
described as the (2) ______ of being happy, healthy or prosperous, was studied as an
indicator of quality of life in 130 countries, covering almost 90 percent of the world’s
population. The Index also takes into (3) ______ non-income dimensions such as education
and health.
It shows that globalization has brought higher levels of development to more countries
than was the case 30 years ago. However, the (4) ______ by which well-being has increased
differs across countries. This has created two well-defined clusters: one of (5) ______
developed countries in especially Sub-Saharan Africa, and another of highly developed
countries. At the same time, medium-developed nations, such as China and India, have
caught up with the (6) ______ economies.
Overall, income (7) ______ across countries has only been reduced by less than ten
percent. Foreign money is also invested (8) ______ in oil exporting countries rather than in
countries that do not export oil. Because of the so-called “poverty trap,” poorer countries
struggle to rise to the top within the competitive common global market. Such efforts are
hampered by difficulties in acquiring supplies and public services in least developed
 countries, which makes accessing global markets (9) ______. Leader countries in each region
of the world are able to (10) ______ such obstacles and experience higher levels of
development compared with the nations around them.
Chuyên Thái Nguyên
Reports of unusual animal behaviour prior (1) ………… the occurrence of earthquakes have
been recorded in literature dating as (2) ………… back as 1784. However, to (3) …………,
there has been very little in-depth scientific research into the phenomenon. However, (4)
………… that a geophysical tool has not been designed which gives advance warning of an
impending earthquake, observations of animal behavior might (5) ………… out to be a useful
tool. Animals and birds could act as geosensors. It is well known that the Earth's
electromagnetic field is used by birds and fish as an aid to navigation and migration. Sharks (6)
………… use of low or high frequency electro-receptors to detect objects and to communicate.
Perhaps it is time to (7) ………… this sensitivity to good use? Animals may have the means to
understand the signal (8) ………… says 'leave this place' or 'fly-away now' or (9) ………… is
necessary to survive the coming catastrophe. lt comes (10) ………… no surprise, therefore, that
animals have the potential to act as accurate geosensors, to detect earthquakes before they
occur.

Chuyên Thái Bình

The issues for emerging economies are a little more straightforward. The desire to build
on undeveloped land is not (1) ______ out of desperation or necessity, but is a result of the
relentless march of progress. Cheap labour and a relatively highly-skilled workforce make these
countries highly competitive and there is a (2) ______ of inward investment, particularly from
multinationals looking to take (3) ______ of the low wages before the cost and standard of
living begin to rise. It is factors such as these that are making many Asian economies extremely
attractive (4) ______viewed as investment opportunities at the moment. Similarly, in Africa, the
relative (5) ______ of precious metals and natural resources tends to attract a lot of exploration
companies and a whole sub-industry develops around and is completely dependent on this
foreign-direct (6) ______. It is understandable that countries that are the focus of this sort of (7)
______ can lose sight of the environmental implications of large-scale industrial development,
and this can have devastating consequences for the (8) ______ world. And it is a (9)
______cycle because the more industrially active a nation becomes, the greater the demand for
and harvesting of natural resources. For some, the environmental issues, though they can hardly
be ignored, are viewed as a peripheral concern. Indeed, having an environmental conscience or
taking environmental matters into consideration when it comes to decisions on whether or not to
build rubber-tree plantations or grow biofuel crops would be quite prohibitive indeed. For those
involved in such schemes it is a pretty (10) ______ issue. And, for vast tracts of land in Latin
America, for example, it is clear that the welfare of the rainforests matters little to local
government when vast sums of money can be made from cultivating the land.
Chuyên Sơn La
NOISE POLLUTION
Most of us are very used to the sounds we hear in (1) __________ life. Loud music, the
television, people talking (2) __________ their phone, the traffic and even pets barking in the
(3) __________ of the night. All of these have become a part of the urban culture and (4)
__________ disturb us. However, when the sound of the television keeps you (5) __________
sleeping all night or the traffic starts to give you a headache, it stops becoming just noise and
starts turning (6) __________ noise pollution. For many of us, the concept of pollution is
limited to nature and resources. (7) __________, noise that tends to disrupt the natural rhythm
of life makes for one solid pollutant.
By definition, noise pollution takes place when there is (8) __________ excessive
amount of noise or an unpleasant sound that causes temporary disruption in the natural balance.
This definition is usually applicable to sounds or noises that are unnatural in their volume or
their production. Our environment is (9) __________ that it has become difficult to escape
noise. Even electrical appliances at home have a constant hum or beeping sound. By and large,
lack of urban planning increases the (10) __________ to unwanted sounds. This is why
understanding noise pollution is necessary to control it in time.

Nguyễn Trãi- Hải Dương

Jargon- the up side

The reality is that everyone uses jargon. It is an essential part of the network of
occupations and pursuits (1) _________ make up society. All jobs have an element of jargon,
which workers learn as they develop their expertise. All hobbies require mastery of a jargon.
Each society grouping has (2) _________ jargon. The phenomenon (3) _________ out to be
universal – and valuable. It is the jargon element, which, in a job, can promote economy and
precision of expression, and thus help make life easier for the workers.

(4) _________ we have learned to command it, jargon is something we readily take pleasure in,
(5) _________ the subject is motorcycling, baseball or computers. It can add pace, variety and
humor to speech- as when, with an important even approaching, we might slip into the related
jargon. We enjoy the mutual showing off which stems (6) _________ a fluent use of
terminology, and we enjoy the in-jokes which shared linguistic experience permits. (7)
_________, we are jealous of this knowledge. We are quick to demean (8) _________ who tries
to be part of our group (9) _________ being prepare to take om its jargon. And we resent it
when some other group, sensing our lack of linguistic awareness, refuses to (10) _________ us
in.
Nguyễn Tất Thành- Yên Bái
Football in the United Kingdom
Both the varieties of football that originally hailed (1) ___________ Britain, the Rugby and
Association games, have probably (2) ___________ been as popular as they are now. The
association game, or soccer (3) ___________ it has become generally known, is now almost
globally popular and judging by the last few World Cups, (4) ___________ long a team from
Asia, Africa or North America will go on to win the trophy. Rugby’s progress has been (5)
___________ dramatic but the game is becoming increasingly international and is surely
destined to continue to expand.
Of course, periodically it is (6) ___________ that both varieties of football will be
afflicted (7)___________ problems stemming from a downturn in the world economy and
difficulties generated by financial mismanagement. Collectively, (8)___________, their future
appears bright. Peculiarly enough, (9) __________ this very little is known about the origins of
modern football and many questions relating to (10) ___________ growth and development
remain unanswered. Football is a very old game, especially in Britain.
Chuyên Lào Cai
For centuries, unscrupulous food traders have had it (1) __________.They've passed (2)
__________ dyed tilapia as salmon, python meat as crocodile meat, and imitation crab as the
genuine article to shops and markets around the world. But the trade in fraudulent animal
products may finally have had (3) __________ day. Thanks to a technique known as 'DNA
barcoding', scientists believe they can (4) ___________ an end to food fraud (5) __________
and for all. The principle behind DNA barcoding is as follows: all species can be identified by
their unique genetic material, Thus, by taking and analysing a sample of DNA from a food
product, scientists can unequivocally identify the species it came from. Countries around the
word are now using DNA barcoding to crack (6) __________ on food fraud. One market where
authorities believe DNA barcoding will prove particularly valuable is the $250-billion-a year
global seafood industry. In the USA (7) __________, as much as 25% of all fish imports are
estimated to be fraudulently labelled. (8)__________certain species, such as red snapper, fraud
runs as high as 75%. There is big incentive for fish suppliers to cheat. First, only 2% of fish in
the US market is inspected so the chances are good they will get (9) __________ with the
deception. Second, over-fishing, coupled with a growing consumer demand, has created
seafood shortages. Typically, fraud rests in the area of cheaper seafood being labelled as more
expensive species. Importers will (10) __________ to great lengths to cut and dye their fillets to
look like the fish they're trying to imitate. To combat seafood fraud, the US Food and Drug
Administration recently announced an increase in its use of DNA testing in inspection of
seafood manufacturers and restaurants
Lam Sơn- Thanh Hóa
CALABASAS, California —(1)_________ into the Santa Monica Mountains, the average
home here goes for around $1.8 million, the gardens are bursting with pansies fit for rainy
England, and hefty fines have (2)_________little to restrain many homeowners from
squandering water in a time of drought.
This week came a measure of last (3) _________. The local water agency began choking
the taps of the worst offenders, limiting the water flow of those (4) _________ flouted water
conservation rules, paid the fines, and kept on flouting. Their showers will henceforth slow to a
trickle. Sprinklers will be rendered unusable. Good luck refilling the pool. Or the koi pond.
“This is not our preferred way of (5) _________ with our customers,” David Pedersen, the
head of the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District, told me. “We are in a situation where we
can’t have customers (6) _________water.”
Water is the great phantom of Southern California. There wasn’t much water here at all
until a half century ago, when great (7) _________of engineering began moving snowmelt and
rain from hundreds of miles north, polka-dotting these parched hills with emerald lawns.
Now, climate change is giving that phantom a chase. The state is in the third year of
extreme (8) __________________. Reservoirs are low. And water agencies are having to take
extreme measures to get (9) _________ the dry, hot summer months ahead. Climate change is
no longer a future risk, Pedersen says. “We’re needing to (10) _________ right now.”
Chuyên Hưng Yên
How can I cope better with stress?
Recent research found that having higher levels of self-esteem, a more positive way of
explaining why things happen, and avoiding perfectionist thinking were strongly 1._________
to bouncing back when things go wrong.
To begin with, according to Dr Judith Johnson self-esteem was shown to be 2. __________ in
two thirds of the studies in mediating the link between failure and distress. All we need to do is
write a list of our positive qualities and examples of when we have 3. _______them.
Secondly, how we explain things also 4.______. If we can brush off a disappointment by
5.____________ it to external factors, then we have the equivalent of emotional armour.
Finally, if we have perfectionist tendencies, lower them. Perfectionists hold rigid standards that
don’t bend in the stormy 6. _________of life. Johnson says we need to set more realistic 7.
___________.
She also advises self-awareness and noticing when we are stressed. If you feel stuck, do
something that 8._________ you up. You need to plan these things into a schedule – doing them
will chip away at your negative 9. ________, even if you do enjoy them a bit less than usual.
Other research shows that the 10. __________ of friends or family also helps emotional
resilience, as does being physically active.
Hùng Vương- Phú Thọ
The psychology of retailing has come to rely on highly sophisticated techniques. Over and (1)
________ the design of the shops and the packaging of the merchandise, clever positioning of
goods also ensures that the natural flow of people takes them to (2) _________ and every
section in a shop. Customers are led gently, but at the same time with deadly accuracy, towards
the merchandise in (3) ________ a way as to maximise sales.

Manufacturers compete for the right to have their products displayed at the most effective level.
In supermarkets, there is a crucial section in the tiers of vertical shelving somewhere between
waist height and eye (4)________, where we are most likely to take note of a brand. In the old
days, when we went into a shop, we (5) ________our way up to the counter, behind which
would be the shopkeeper and virtually all of the merchandise, and were served (6) ______ what
we wanted. Those days are (7) _______ and truly over.

Today, we are used to serving (8) _______ in supermarkets; products are laid before us as
enticingly as possible, and impulse purchases are encouraged (9) _______ a major part of the
exercise. As a result of this, we, as shoppers, have to keep our (10) ________ about us to resist
the retailers’ ploys.

Hùng Vương- Bình Dương

Ten thousand years ago, as the last ice age (76) ______ to a close, sea levels around the
world were far lower than they are today. Much of the land under both the North Sea to the east
of Britain and the English Channel which now (77) ______France and Britain was part of a
huge region of forests and grassy plains, (78) ______herds of horses and reindeer roamed free
and people lived in villages by the lakes and rivers. Then the climate gradually became warmer
(a phenomenon certainly not confined to our own age!) and the water (79) ______ in glaciers
and ice caps was released. This ancient land was submerged in the resulting deluge and all that
remains to tell us that it was once lush and verdant – and inhabited – is the occasional stone
tool, harpoon or mammoth tusk brought up from the seabed by fishing boats.
Now the development of advanced sonar technology, known as bathymetry, is (80)
______ it possible to study this flooded landscape in extraordinary detail. A special echo
sounder is fixed to the bottom of a survey vessel, and it makes wide sweeps across the seabed.
(81) _______ previous technology has only been able to produce two-dimensional images,
bathymetry can now deploy computers, satellite-positioning equipment and special software to
create accurate and remarkably detailed maps. For the first time, an ancient riverbed leaps out
of the three-dimensional image, complete with rocky ledges (82) ______ up from the bottom of
the valley. The sites of prehistoric settlements can now be pinpointed, and it is also possible to
see in stunning detail the sunken shipwrecks that litter this part of the seabed.
 According to archaeologist Dr Linda Andrews, this technological development is of huge
(83) ______ . ‘We now have the ability to map the seabed as accurately as we can map dry
land,’ she says. She is, (84) ______, scathing about the scale of financial support for such
projects. ‘We have better images of Mars and Venus than of two-thirds of our own planet!
Britain is an interesting case. It’s been a maritime nation for much of its history, and the sea has
had (85) ______ a massive influence on it, and in view of this, it’s an absolute scandal that we
know so little about the area just off the country’s shores!’
Chuyên Hà Nam
The sales
It is December. The first frost and snow of winter are upon us and, as (1) ______ drawn by
some mysterious force, otherwise sane, ordinary people are getting up at 5am to queue for hours
in the cold and dark. The sales have begun. Before Christmas!

As mere amateur bargain-hunters have always suspected, (2) ______ is a black art to sales
shopping. Cunning sales veterans, determined to avoid the horrid changing-room queue, do
their trying-on weeks in advance. Then, (3) ______ the doors are flung open, they’ll push,
elbow and lock coat-hangers with (4) ______ another to reach the object (5) ______ their
desire. This Darwinian struggle is carried out in a terribly polite way, as everybody else
pretends that everybody else (6) ______ being “so pushy”. Their treasures clutched to their
breast, their cheerfulness is barely disguised, in (7) ______ of the uncomfortable weight of
armfuls of plates, dishes, sheets and towels.

The only shadow is the sight of other attractive bargains (8) ______ picked out by fellow
shoppers. People rarely do their sales shopping on their own; it’s mostly done in a threesome of
mothers and daughters. They argue about skirt lengths and bathrobe colors, but (9) ______
shines through is a sense of unshakable warmth, support and mutual understanding. The same is
true for men: they stand outside, holding bags and bonding (10) ______ own “What are we
doing here?” way. Sales shopping certainly brings people together.

Chuyên Hạ Long
There really is no single definition of "business attire" these days. The era of "Big
Business" with fine clothes and tailored suits is largely gone, except in
(1)____________________________. It is easily for people to toss out all the starched,
buttoned-up conformity of (2)____________________________. The questioned posed is what
we use to replace office clothes. While bankers are (3)____________, techy-types in all
industries tend to dress down. The issues associated with (4)_____________ isn’t new in this
21st century though it seems to be more casual. Interestingly, in the prewar period, half of
 men’s suit were (5)____________________________. From 1940s to 1950s, all styles remain
the same, except the fact that men’s suits change from (6)_____________________________
to skinny. Between the time of 1960s and 1970s, traditional men’s suit remains unchanged,
however a new type of suit called the (7) ____________________________ shirts or Nehru
jackets were introduced.
Thanks to Silicon Valley, a term called “business casual” was used in the 1980s. Originally, it
referred to khaki pants, sensible shoes and (8)____________________________. However, this
term today is rather ambiguous. The Atlantic grappled with this by defining the casual
workplace basing on (9)____________________________ business culture instead of a
"process-oriented" culture obsessed with employees' looks. Mark Zuckerberg's gray T-shirt and
gray hoodie is one exception to casual workplace. Some business are still creased and pleated
and tailor. We are left to suss out the suitability of (10) ____________________________ and
Allbirds, which don’t match with shoulder pads. Final words given after all is “Dressing for
success is as hard to define as business casual”.

Chuyên Bảo Lộc- Lâm Đồng

Britain has many haunted theatres. The Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, London, prides
(1)_____________on being regarded as the most haunted theatre (2) ______________ showbiz.
The most legendary ghostly inhabitant is an 18th-century gentleman known
(3)______________the ‘Man in Grey’. Spotted by dozens of cleaners over the years, a sighting
of him is usually considered to be good luck and indicates the show will go (4) ______________
a hitch. It is thought that he is associated with a skeleton uncovered by workmen in the theatre in
1843. The skeleton was found with a knife in (5) ______________ ribs.

There is also the ghost of an Irish man Charles Macklin, an actor (6) ______________
profession. He stabbed a fellow actor, Thomas Hallam, in 1735. Macklin’s ghost has (7)
______________seen in a backstage corridor. Joseph Grimaldi was a famous clown who
performed at the Theatre Royal for many years. When he died in 1837, he left a request that he
be buried near the theatre. Since then, his ghost appears during shows (8) ______________
occasion, sometimes sitting in the audience, smiling encouragement up at performers on the
stage. Every once in a while, performers (9) ______________ felt his presence on stage with
them. Some have spoken of feeling his hands guiding them to a better spot on stage, or even
kicking them in the rear if they weren’t (10) ______________ their best!

Chuyên Bắc Ninh

Although there are many strains of antibiotic bacteria now present in hospital wards, antibiotics
have effectively served (11)______ original purpose over the course of the past eighty years.
They have been able to treat the infections of countless individuals and saved millions of lives.
Antibiotics have changed the way in (12)______ many common diseases are
viewed. (13)______ infected with bacterial pneumonia, for instance, is no longer considered
fatal. Rather, it is viewed as a mundane infection which can be cured (14)______ a simple
course of antibiotics. The number of antibiotics available for use has also affected their impact
(15)______ society. Even if one antibiotic is ineffective (16)______ treating a disease, there
are, for most common infections, a host of (17)______ drugs that can be used to effectively cure
the disease.
The development of antibiotics over the past eighty years has changed the relationship between
humans and disease. Antibiotics have given humans the power to fight back
effectively (18)______ microorganisms in a way that (19)______ have been considered
impossible just a century (20)_____.
Chuyên Bắc Giang
The costs of vaccination programmes are (1) ________ outweighed by the economic benefits of
reducing illness, disability and premature death, according to a modelling study. Patenaude and
his team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland generated estimates for the
economic cost of illnesses, disability and premature death that (2) ________ otherwise occur
without vaccination programmes in 94 low and middle-income countries, and compared these
with the overall cost of (3) ________ the programmes. They focused on vaccination
programmes targeting 10 infectious diseases, (4) ________measles, yellow fever and hepatitis
B.
Using a model that considered treatment costs as well as lost wages and productivity due to
illness, the researchers found that the money saved through the vaccination programmes will be
approximately $682 billion for the period from 2011 to 2020 and a (5) ________ $829 billion
from 2021 to 2030. Patenaude claimed that they wanted to convert the benefits (6) ________
money so people could compare them with other types of investments a country or organisation
might be making – like in education or transport or other things. Also, the researchers (7)
________ their findings using another model, (8) ________ estimates the value of a saved life
using data on people’s willingness to spend money to (9) ________ their risk of death. Using
this model, they found that the estimated value of lives saved by the vaccination programmes
will be about 51 times their cost from 2011 to 2020 and 52 times their cost from 2021 to 2030.
As stated by Patenaude, measles vaccination provided the highest estimated return on
investment as it had a high case fatality (10) ________ and measles vaccines were extremely
effective at reducing mortality in young children.
Chu Văn An- HN
The huge stone figures of Easter Island have beguiled explorers, researchers and the wider
world (1) ______ centuries, but now experts say they have cracked one of the biggest mysteries:
why the statues are where they are.
 Researchers say they have analysed the locations of the megalithic platforms (2) ______
which many of the statues known as moai sit, as well as scrutinising sites of the island’s
resources, and have discovered the structures are typically found close (3) ______ sources of
fresh water. This led to the belief that such constructions could be tied to the abundance and
quality of the supplies.
Professor Carl Lipo from Binghamton University in New York commented that (4)
______ is important about the findings is that the statue locations seem to carry a symbolic
meaning to them while integrating into the lives of the community, rather than being a weird
ritual place. Easter Island has more than 300 megalithic platforms, (5) ______ of which might
have been made by a separate community. The first of these are believed to have been
constructed in the 13th century.
It is thought the monuments represent ancestors and were linked to ritual activity,
forming a focal point for communities, (6) ______ the reason for their locations was previously
unsolved. (7) ______ studies have suggested the sites might have been chosen because of a link
to key resources, the team says the latest research is the first attempt to scrutinise such claims.
The team (8) ______ on the east of the island, where various resources have been well mapped,
and looked at the distribution of 93 megalithic platforms constructed (9) ______ European
sailors arrived later in the 18th century.
After finding (10) ______ link to the proximity of rock used for tools or for the
monuments, they looked at whether the statues were found near other important resources:
gardens spread with stones in which crops like sweet potatoes were grown, fishing sites, and
sources of freshwater.
Chu Văn An- Bình Định
The word “computer” is a misleading name (76) _______________the ubiquitous
machine that sits on our desks. If we go (77) _______________ to the Victorian period, or even
the World War II era, the word (78) _______________ an occupation, defined in the Oxford
English Dictionary as "one who computes; a calculator, reckoner; specifically a person
employed to make calculations in an observatory, in surveying, etc."
In (79) _______________, although modern computer can work with numbers, (80)
_______________ main use is for storing and manipulating information, (81)
_______________ is, for doing the kinds of jobs performed by a clerk--defined in the Oxford
English Dictionary (82) _______________ "one employed in a subordinate position in a public
or (83) _______________ office, shop, warehouse, etc., to make written entries, (84)
_______________ accounts, make fair copies of documents, do the mechanical work of
correspondence and similar 'clerkly' work." The electronic computer (85) _______________ be
said to combine the roles of the human computer and the human clerk.