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Monitoring and Controlling of Mobile Robot using 4G-Dongle & Raspberry Pi
Technical Report · June 2022
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Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741
Monitoring and Controlling of Mobile Robot using 4G-Dongle &
Raspberry Pi
K. Nithin Reddy 1 T. Chandini 2 V. Pavan Reddy 3
Electronics & Electronics & Electronics & Communication Communication Communication Engineering, Engineering, Engineering, TKR College of TKR College of TKR College of Engineering & Engineering & Engineering & Technology, Meerpet. Technology, Meerpet. Technology, Meerpet. nithinprabha121@gm chandinievangelin1@ pavanreddyvuppula@ ail.com gmail.com gmail.com
B. Swapna Reddy 4 Assistant Professor, Electronics & Communication Engineering, TKR College of Engineering & Technology, Meerpet. soppy8988@gmail.com
Abstract This project is primarily for the use of military and any confidential equipment across the world, and it involves Monitoring and Controlling a Mobile Robot using 4G dongle and Raspberry Pi board. The monitoring and control of robotic movements is carried out through a wireless network using an android application and a live streaming webpage. The Raspberry Pi is programmed in Python to control the movements of the robot using an application. To gain a better view of the items, a Web Camera is installed on the robot, and sensors are connected to the Raspberry Pi board. The PIR sensor detects when a person or object enters a monitoring area, whereas the smoke sensor detects fire accidents by feeling a rise in smoke levels in the atmosphere. The output of the sensors can be shown to the user via Android application. Using the Internet of Things (IoT), this mobile robot can be controlled from anywhere on the planet and the location can be detected using GPS Module.
Keywords- Raspberry Pi board, Mobile robot, 4G-Dongle, Web camera, Sensors, GPS.
1. Introduction Embedded systems are not intended to be a general-purpose computer capable of doing numerous activities. Some require real-time performance for reasons like as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to save money.
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An embedded system isn't necessarily a standalone component; it's often physically
integrated into the device it's operating. Embedded software is typically referred to as firmware, and it is stored in read-only memory or flash convector chips rather than on a hard drive. It frequently runs on computer hardware with low resources, such as a small or non-existent keyboard, screen, and memory.
Within the last ten years, wireless communication has become a significant component for commercial products and a popular research area. Mobile phone subscriptions currently outnumber wired-line subscriptions. Low-cost, low-power, and short-range wireless communication used for "personal wireless networks" has recently piqued commercial interest. Technological advancements are enabling smaller and more cost-effective devices to integrate computational processing, wireless communication, and a variety of other functions. These embedded communications devices will be used in a variety of applications, including homeland security and industrial automation and monitoring. They will also enable custom-tailored engineering solutions, ushering in a new era of information dissemination and processing. With new technology and devices come new business opportunities and the need for people who are knowledgeable in these fields.
Engineers with experience working with embedded systems and wireless
communications will be in great demand. Unfortunately, because there are few cute environments for creation and classroom use, students rarely learn about these technologies during hands-on lab exercises. Twisted pair, optical fibre, infrared, and wireless radio were the communication channels.
2. Proposed Model The major goal of this project is to develop a robot that can travel across the world and reach locations that humans cannot. The robot displays the data that has been recorded as well as information on the environment in that place, such as temperature, meteorological conditions, and any fire incidents.
This project aims to monitor and manage mobile robots through the Internet using a Raspberry Pi 4 B model board, particularly for the usage of military equipment around the world. A wireless network is used to monitor and control robotic motions using an android application. A Web Camera is mounted on the robot, and sensors are attached to the Raspberry Pi board to gain a better picture of the surroundings. This mobile robot can be operated from anywhere on the planet and we can track the live location of the mobile robot using GPS module, thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT).
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Fig 1: Block Diagram
3. Design and Implementation
A. Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi Foundation, in collaboration with Broadcom, developed a series
of small single-board computers (SBCs) in the United Kingdom. The Raspberry Pi project was created with the goal of encouraging the teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing countries. The original model was more popular than expected, selling for uses such as robotics outside of its intended market. Because of its low cost, modularity, and open design, it is widely used in many areas, including weather monitoring. Due to its adoption of HDMI and USB devices, it is primarily used by computer and electronic hobbyists.
It can be utilised in a variety of applications, ranging from learning and developing
home automation systems to advanced projects. The GPIO pin count is increased from 26 to 40 in this higher-spec model. In the Model B, there are four USB 2.0 ports, two of which are accessible. The micro-SD slot is a more recent push-pull design. It uses significantly less power, has improved audio quality, and has a cleaner design.
A Raspberry Pi Model B+, requires a 2-amp 5V USB power source with a micro- USB connection, any standard USB keyboard and mouse, an HDMI cable, a monitor/TV for display, and a micro-SD card with the operating system pre-installed are all required to get started. The NOOBS (New out of the Box Software) operating system is designed for newcomers. More GPIO, USB, micro-SD, reduced power consumption, better Arduino, and a sleek design factor are all aspects of the Model B+. The GPIO pin count is increased
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from 26 to 40 in this higher-spec model. In comparison to the Model B, there are now four USB2.0 ports. A more recent push-push type micro-SD slot has replaced the SD card slot. It uses a little less energy, has greater audio quality, and a cleaner form factor.
Fig 2: Pin diagram of Raspberry Pi
B. D.C. Motor
A dc motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy through the interplay of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors. An alternator, source, or dynamo performs the reverse process, generating electrical energy from mechanical energy. Electric motors of various sorts can be used as sources, and vice versa. A DC motor's input is current/voltage, and its output is torque (speed). Here we use 1000 RPM – 12V Centre Shaft DC Geared motors which makes the robot to move efficiently.
C. 4G-Dongle
A dongle is a tiny piece of computer hardware that plugs into a port on another device to provide functionality or enable a pass-through to such a device. This dongle connects the system to the internet at high rates of speed and assigns it a unique IP address.
Fig 3: 4G USB Dongle
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D. Sensors
A sensor is a device that monitors and responds to environmental input. Light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any of a variety of other environmental phenomena might constitute the specific input. The output is usually a signal that is transformed to a human readable display at the sensor site or sent across a network for reading or additional processing.
An Infrared (IR) sensor is an electrical device that emits infrared light in order to detect certain features of the environment. An IR sensor can detect motion as well as measure the heat of an item. A passive IR sensor is one that measures infrared radiation rather than emitting it. Almost all items emit some type of heat radiation in the infrared range.
The DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor produces calibrated digital output. The DHT11 may be connected to any microcontroller, such as an Arduino or a Raspberry Pi, and provide instantaneous results. The DHT11 is a low-cost humidity and temperature sensor with excellent long-term stability and dependability.
The MQ2 gas sensor is an electronic sensor that detects the presence of gases such as LPG, propane, methane, hydrogen, alcohol, smoke, and carbon monoxide in the air.
E. USB Camera
A webcam is a video camera connected to a computer that allows users to view
each other through the Internet. The majority of webcam users use them in conjunction with an instant messenger to view each other at the same time. Webcams may also be used to create video blogs and record videos. A camera can be built into a computer, a smartphone, or a standalone device.
Fig 4: USB Web Camera
F. GPS Module
For tracking or locating position, GPS receivers are often used in cell phones, fleet management systems, and military applications. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based system that measures and computes its position on Earth using satellites and ground stations.
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Fig 5: GPS Receiver Module
4. Work Flow
Fig 6: Workflow
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5. Result and Discussion
The framework of the wheeled robot has been finished, as well as the wireless robot's interface via an Android application. To improve visibility, the camera is installed to the mobile robot and can swivel in two axes (X&Y). The sensors are added to the robot in case the camera fails in the future. The 4G-Dongle is connected to the RPi successfully to provide a high speed of Internet.
Fig 7: Mobile Robot project
Fig 8: Screenshot of application
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The figure 7 shows the model of mobile robot which is connected properly to a Raspberry Pi. Figure 8 shows the screenshot of the application that is used to control the movements of the mobile robot, shows the web camera live video and displaces the sensor outputs.
The kind and speed of the network connection cause the time delay. It will be of very little worth. As a result, the robotic vehicle movement control and monitoring are delayed.
Fig 9: Graph between Distance vs Time Delay
6. Conclusion The creation of an android application for monitoring and controlling the mobile robot using a 4G dongle is successful. It merely requires an Internet connection, which is available through a wireless communication network. There can be no interruptions between the user's orders to the robot and the robot's response to the user. The robot may be simply controlled by computer or smartphone. There will be a slight time delay when using the internet, which is dependent on the kind, speed, and distance of the network. The user may control this mobile robot from anywhere on the planet thanks to the Internet of Things (IOT). The programme used to control robotic motions is protected by a unique IP address that no one can guess.
Acknowledgment This project is supported by TKR College of Engineering & Technology. We would like to express our immense gratitude to our Internal guide Mrs. B. Swapna, Assistant Professor who moderated this project and, in that line, improved the manuscript significantly.
We have to express our appreciation to Mrs. K. Padmaja Devi, Associate
Professor and Dr. D. Nageshwar Rao, Head of Department, ECE for sharing their pearls of wisdom with us during the course.
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We express our thanks to Principal Dr. D. V. Ravi Shankar, for extending his support and encouraging us throughout the major project.
We are also immensely grateful to all the faculty for their feedback on an earlier version of the project, although any inaccuracies are ours and should not furnish the reputations of these esteemed professionals.
References [1] M. Vanitha, M. Selvalakshmi, R. Selvarasu, “Monitoring and Controlling of Mobile Robot Via Internet Through Raspberry PI Board”, Second International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Management (ICONSTEM), 2016.
[2] Johan Potgieter, Glen Bright, Olaf Diegel, Sylvester Tlale, “Internet Control of a Domestic Robot using a Wireless LAN”, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, volume 3, Nov 2002.
[3] Zhang, Z., “The Internet Remote Robot with Skype Webcam”, In International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE), IEEE 2012.
[4] M. Md Athiq UR Raza Ahamed, Wajid Ahamed, “A Domestic Robot for Security Systems by Video Surveillance using Zigbee Technology”, International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, Volume 2 Issue 5, pp:448- 453, 1 May 2013.
[5] Priyanga. M and Raja ramanan. V, “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Video Surveillance Using Raspberry Pi”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 3, Special Issue 3, March 2014.
[6] Ketan Dumbre, Snehal Ganeshkar, Ajinkya Dhekne, “Robotic Vehicle Control using Internet via Webpage and Keyboard”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 114-No.17, March 2015.
