Workshop 6

Arrays - Working on Set of Data

6.1 Array
ˆ An array of variables can be declared as
variable_type array_name[number\_of\_elements];
ˆ Individual variables of an array are called elements.

ˆ Elements of array are accessed by using an index as

variable_name[index],
where index= 0, 1, . . . , (number of elements − 1) and specifies the offset from the first element.
ˆ First element of the array is accessed by the index of value 0.

ˆ The use of array is given by an example in the Listing 6.1.

Listing 6.1: Use of array.

double marks [5] , total , average ;

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marks [0] = 41.5; co
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marks [1] = 67.3; co
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marks [2] = 81.7; co
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marks [3] = 43.0; co
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marks [4] = 55.1; co
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total = marks [0] + marks [1] + marks [2] + marks [3] + marks [4] + marks [5]; co
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average = total / 5.0; co

6.1.1 Use of Arrays in Loops

ˆ Typical use of arrays in a loop is illustrated in the Listing 6.2.

Initialization of Numerical Arrays

int values[5] = {10, 22, 33, 17, 50};

Exercise 6.1 Find the maximum number of user given 10 numbers.

Exercise 6.2 Find the minimum number of user given 10 numbers.
Exercise 6.3 Find the average of user given 10 numbers.

Exercise 6.4 Sort user given 10 numbers in ascending order. (Hint. You may use Bubble Sort)
Exercise 6.5 Sort user given 10 numbers in descending order.

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 Listing 6.2: Use of array in loops.

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# include < stdio .h > co
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# define NumSTD 5
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int main ( void )
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{ co
double marks [ NumSTD ] , average , total ;
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int i ; co
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for ( i =0; i < NumSTD ;++ i ) co
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{ co
columns printf ( " \ nEnter Marks of Student % d : " , i +1) ;
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columns scanf ( " % lf " , & marks [ i ]) ; co
}
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for ( i =0 , total =0 ; i < NumSTD ;++ i )
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{ co
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columns total += marks [ i ]; co
}
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average = total / 5.0; co
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printf ( " \ nAvarage = %.2 lf \ n " , average ) ;
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return 0;
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} co

6.2 C-Strings
ˆ In C language, there is no special data type to store text strings.
ˆ Character arrays are used to store such text.
ˆ Each element of the array stores one character of the text.
ˆ End of the string is indicated by ’\0’

The program in Listing 6.3 asks user to enter his/her name. The entered name is stored in str which is
an array of type char. scanf stores the user entered string as a C-string in str. Therefore, it is possible to
identify the size of the string (number of characters in the name) by using a simple while loop.

Initialization of C-Strings
char letters1[] = {’H’, ’e’, ’l’, ’l’, ’o’, ’\0’};
char letters2[] = "Hello";
char mayName[] = "Tom and Jerry";

Exercise 6.1 User enters a paragraph that may consists of any of the keyboard characters. Find the number
of (Refer to program in Listing 6.4 for sample calculation of number of digits.)
ˆ characters.
ˆ digits.
ˆ letters.
ˆ white spaces (i.e. ’\n’, ’\t’, ’\r’, and spaces)
ˆ capital letters
ˆ simple letters
ˆ sentences.
ˆ words.
ˆ occurrences of the word ”the”
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 Listing 6.3: c Strings

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# include < stdio .h > co
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int main ()
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{ co
char str [100];
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int i ; co
printf ( " What is your name ? : " ) ;
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scanf ( " % s " , & str [0]) ; co
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i =0; co
while ( str [ i ]!= ’ \0 ’)
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{ co
columns ++ i ;
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} co
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printf ( " Your name : \ n " ) ; co
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printf ( " \ t % s \ n " , str ) ; co
printf ( " \ tNumber of characters = % d \ n " , i ) ;
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printf ( " \ tFirst letter = % c \ n " , str [0]) ; co
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printf ( " \ tLast letter = % c \ n " , str [i -1]) ; co
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return 0;
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} co

Exercise 6.2 User enter a text, which may contain spaces.

ˆ Display the length (size or number of characters) of it.

ˆ Display it in reverse order.
ˆ Check if it contains the word the.

Exercise 6.3 User enter two text strings, which may contain spaces. Compare if they are the same or not
regarding the case.

Exercise 6.4 User enter two text strings, which may contain spaces. Compare if they are the same or not
disregarding the case.

6.3 Two Dimensional Arrays

Exercise 6.5 Execute the program in Listing 6.5.

—-

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Listing 6.4: c Strings

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# include < stdio .h > co
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# include < stdlib .h > co
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int main ()
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{ co
char str [500];
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int i , nDigits ; co
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printf ( " Enter a paragraph ( max 500 characters ) for analysis :\ n " ) ; co
printf ( " Enter Ctrl + c to end the paragraph .\ n " ) ;
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scanf ( " %501 c " , str ) ;
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i =0; nDigits =0;
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while ( str [ i ]!= ’ \0 ’) co
{
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columns if ( str [ i ] >= ’0 ’ && str [ i ] < ’9 ’) ++ nDigits ; co
columns ++ i ;
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} co
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printf ( " Number of digits = % d " , nDigits ) ;
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return 0;
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} co

Listing 6.5: Use of 2 Dimentional array to store C-Stirings

# include < stdio .h >

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# define N 5 co
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int main ( void ) co
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{ co
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char names [5][100]; co
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int i , c , C ; co
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i =0; while ( i ++ < N ) co
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{ co
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columns printf ( " \ nEnter name [% d ] = " , i ) ; co
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columns scanf ( " %99 c " , & names [ i ][0]) ; co
}
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printf ( " \ n \ nSorted Names in Alphebetical Order " ) ; co
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printf ( " \ n = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = " ) ; co
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c = ’a ’; C = ’A ’; co
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while (c <= ’z ’) co
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{ i =0; while ( i ++ < N ) co
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columns { if ( names [ i ][0] == c || names [ i ][0] == C ) co
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columns printf ( " \ n % s " , & names [ i ][0]) ; co
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columns } co
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columns c ++; C ++; co
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} co
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return 0; co
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} co